使用 Oraclize 和 Metamask 转移 ERC20 代币
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【中文标题】使用 Oraclize 和 Metamask 转移 ERC20 代币【英文标题】：Transfer ERC20 token with Oraclize and Metamask 【发布时间】：2018-07-02 05:33:40 【问题描述】：我是初学者，我一直在探索 ERC20 代币。几天以来，我一直在寻找解决方案，但徒劳无功。
问题如下。我正在创建一个符合 ERC20 协议的合约。我想以 oracle 查询的形式添加额外的功能。 即，我想使用像“Oraclize”这样的服务来获取一些外部数据，返回结果。 根据结果，我想转移一些代币或不转移。
1) 我一直在使用的示例代币合约如下。这是来自 CryptoPunks 的合同 (https://github.com/larvalabs/cryptopunks/blob/master/contracts/CryptoPunksMarket.sol):
pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
contract CryptoTokensMarket
address owner;
string public standard = 'CryptoTokens';
string public name;
string public symbol;
uint8 public decimals;
uint256 public totalSupply;
uint public nextTokenIndexToAssign = 0;
bool public allTokensAssigned = false;
uint public tokensRemainingToAssign = 0;
//mapping (address => uint) public addressToTokenIndex;
mapping (uint => address) public tokenIndexToAddress;
/* This creates an array with all balances */
mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
struct Offer
bool isForSale;
uint tokenIndex;
address seller;
uint minValue; // in ether
address onlySellTo; // specify to sell only to a specific person
struct Bid
bool hasBid;
uint tokenIndex;
address bidder;
uint value;
// A record of tokens that are offered for sale at a specific minimum value, and perhaps to a specific person
mapping (uint => Offer) public tokensOfferedForSale;
// A record of the highest token bid
mapping (uint => Bid) public tokenBids;
mapping (address => uint) public pendingWithdrawals;
event Assign(address indexed to, uint256 tokenIndex);
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
event TokenTransfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 tokenIndex);
event TokenOffered(uint indexed tokenIndex, uint minValue, address indexed toAddress);
event TokenBidEntered(uint indexed tokenIndex, uint value, address indexed fromAddress);
event TokenBidWithdrawn(uint indexed tokenIndex, uint value, address indexed fromAddress);
event TokenBought(uint indexed tokenIndex, uint value, address indexed fromAddress, address indexed toAddress);
event TokenNoLongerForSale(uint indexed tokenIndex);
/* Initializes contract with initial supply tokens to the creator of the contract */
function CryptoTokensMarket() payable
// balanceOf[msg.sender] = initialSupply; // Give the creator all initial tokens
owner = msg.sender;
totalSupply = 10000; // Update total supply
tokensRemainingToAssign = totalSupply;
name = "CRYPTOTokenS"; // Set the name for display purposes
symbol = "Ͼ"; // Set the symbol for display purposes
decimals = 0; // Amount of decimals for display purposes
function setInitialOwner(address to, uint tokenIndex)
if (msg.sender != owner) revert();
if (allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != to)
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != 0x0)
balanceOf[tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex]]--;
else
tokensRemainingToAssign--;
tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] = to;
balanceOf[to]++;
Assign(to, tokenIndex);
function setInitialOwners(address[] addresses, uint[] indices)
if (msg.sender != owner) revert();
uint n = addresses.length;
for (uint i = 0; i < n; i++)
setInitialOwner(addresses[i], indices[i]);
function allInitialOwnersAssigned()
if (msg.sender != owner) revert();
allTokensAssigned = true;
function getToken(uint tokenIndex)
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokensRemainingToAssign == 0) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != 0x0) revert();
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] = msg.sender;
balanceOf[msg.sender]++;
tokensRemainingToAssign--;
Assign(msg.sender, tokenIndex);
// Transfer ownership of a token to another user without requiring payment
function transferToken(address to, uint tokenIndex) payable
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != msg.sender) revert();
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
if (tokensOfferedForSale[tokenIndex].isForSale)
tokenNoLongerForSale(tokenIndex);
tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] = to;
balanceOf[msg.sender]--;
balanceOf[to]++;
Transfer(msg.sender, to, 1);
TokenTransfer(msg.sender, to, tokenIndex);
// Check for the case where there is a bid from the new owner and refund it.
// Any other bid can stay in place.
Bid bid = tokenBids[tokenIndex];
if (bid.bidder == to)
// Kill bid and refund value
pendingWithdrawals[to] += bid.value;
tokenBids[tokenIndex] = Bid(false, tokenIndex, 0x0, 0);
function tokenNoLongerForSale(uint tokenIndex)
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != msg.sender) revert();
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
tokensOfferedForSale[tokenIndex] = Offer(false, tokenIndex, msg.sender, 0, 0x0);
TokenNoLongerForSale(tokenIndex);
function offerTokenForSale(uint tokenIndex, uint minSalePriceInWei)
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != msg.sender) revert();
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
tokensOfferedForSale[tokenIndex] = Offer(true, tokenIndex, msg.sender, minSalePriceInWei, 0x0);
TokenOffered(tokenIndex, minSalePriceInWei, 0x0);
function offerTokenForSaleToAddress(uint tokenIndex, uint minSalePriceInWei, address toAddress)
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != msg.sender) revert();
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
tokensOfferedForSale[tokenIndex] = Offer(true, tokenIndex, msg.sender, minSalePriceInWei, toAddress);
TokenOffered(tokenIndex, minSalePriceInWei, toAddress);
function buyToken(uint tokenIndex) payable
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
Offer offer = tokensOfferedForSale[tokenIndex];
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
if (!offer.isForSale) revert(); // token not actually for sale
if (offer.onlySellTo != 0x0 && offer.onlySellTo != msg.sender) revert(); // token not supposed to be sold to this user
if (msg.value < offer.minValue) revert(); // Didn't send enough ETH
if (offer.seller != tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex]) revert(); // Seller no longer owner of token
address seller = offer.seller;
tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] = msg.sender;
balanceOf[seller]--;
balanceOf[msg.sender]++;
Transfer(seller, msg.sender, 1);
tokenNoLongerForSale(tokenIndex);
pendingWithdrawals[seller] += msg.value;
TokenBought(tokenIndex, msg.value, seller, msg.sender);
// Check for the case where there is a bid from the new owner and refund it.
// Any other bid can stay in place.
Bid bid = tokenBids[tokenIndex];
if (bid.bidder == msg.sender)
// Kill bid and refund value
pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender] += bid.value;
tokenBids[tokenIndex] = Bid(false, tokenIndex, 0x0, 0);
function withdraw() payable
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
uint amount = pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender];
// Remember to zero the pending refund before
// sending to prevent re-entrancy attacks
pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender] = 0;
msg.sender.transfer(amount);
function enterBidForToken(uint tokenIndex) payable
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] == 0x0) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] == msg.sender) revert();
if (msg.value == 0) revert();
Bid existing = tokenBids[tokenIndex];
if (msg.value <= existing.value) revert();
if (existing.value > 0)
// Refund the failing bid
pendingWithdrawals[existing.bidder] += existing.value;
tokenBids[tokenIndex] = Bid(true, tokenIndex, msg.sender, msg.value);
TokenBidEntered(tokenIndex, msg.value, msg.sender);
function acceptBidForToken(uint tokenIndex, uint minPrice)
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] != msg.sender) revert();
address seller = msg.sender;
Bid bid = tokenBids[tokenIndex];
if (bid.value == 0) revert();
if (bid.value < minPrice) revert();
tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] = bid.bidder;
balanceOf[seller]--;
balanceOf[bid.bidder]++;
Transfer(seller, bid.bidder, 1);
tokensOfferedForSale[tokenIndex] = Offer(false, tokenIndex, bid.bidder, 0, 0x0);
uint amount = bid.value;
tokenBids[tokenIndex] = Bid(false, tokenIndex, 0x0, 0);
pendingWithdrawals[seller] += amount;
TokenBought(tokenIndex, bid.value, seller, bid.bidder);
function withdrawBidForToken(uint tokenIndex)
if (tokenIndex >= 10000) revert();
if (!allTokensAssigned) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] == 0x0) revert();
if (tokenIndexToAddress[tokenIndex] == msg.sender) revert();
Bid bid = tokenBids[tokenIndex];
if (bid.bidder != msg.sender) revert();
TokenBidWithdrawn(tokenIndex, bid.value, msg.sender);
uint amount = bid.value;
tokenBids[tokenIndex] = Bid(false, tokenIndex, 0x0, 0);
// Refund the bid money
msg.sender.transfer(amount);
2) 创建后，我想从 Oraclize 获取一些数据，并根据外汇美元/英镑汇率转移代币。 以下代码来自 Oraclize 示例合约：
import "github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/oraclizeAPI.sol";
contract ExampleContract is usingOraclize
string public EURGBP;
string public value = "0.88086";
event LogPriceUpdated(string price);
event LogNewOraclizeQuery(string description);
function ExampleContract() payable public
updatePrice();
function __callback(bytes32 myid, string result) public
if (msg.sender != oraclize_cbAddress()) revert();
EURGBP = result;
if (keccak256(result) != keccak256(value))
LogPriceUpdated(value);
else
LogPriceUpdated(result);
function updatePrice() payable public
if (oraclize_getPrice("URL") > this.balance)
LogNewOraclizeQuery("Oraclize query was NOT sent, please add some ETH to cover for the query fee");
else
LogNewOraclizeQuery("Oraclize query was sent, standing by for the answer..");
oraclize_query("URL", "json(http://api.fixer.io/latest?symbols=USD,GBP).rates.GBP");
根据我的理解，我可以让主代币合约继承自预言机合约。并且主合约应该继承预言机代币合约的所有功能。
Oraclize 是一项付费服务，所以我应该让 updatePrice() 始终支付，并在 Remix IDE 的右上方放置 1 ether 之类的东西。
问题是双重的：
a) 在官方 Remix IDE (JS VM) 中，当令牌合约执行时，Oraclize 合约失败并显示“将合约恢复到初始状态”消息。是否与支付甲骨文有关？因为我总是在 IDE 的右上角放 1 个以太币。但我不知道如何准确地解决这个问题。
b) 在 Oraclize (https://dapps.oraclize.it/browser-solidity/) 也使用 JS VM 的 Remix 分支中，它将执行查询，但执行令牌失败，并显示“调用”的“无效操作码”消息。所以我什至无法获得令牌符号。
问题：
1) 此外，除了 IDE 问题，我的疑问还在于，在美元/英镑值为 X 的情况下，我应该如何继续提供代币。
我假设我应该在主合约中使用getToken()函数，检查汇率是否为x，并分配代币？我怎样才能有效地做到这一点？
2) 我应该使用主代币合约中实现的事件之一，还是与它无关？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：我不确定我是否可以解决您的设计问题，因为它看起来更像是一个业务问题而不是编码/设计问题（或者我可能不理解这个问题）。如果getToken 是您的销售点，并且您想在汇率过低时拒绝任何请求，那么只需使用require 语句检查该条件即可。但是，我会注意到，从技术角度来看，您无法读取 Solidity 合约中的事件。您只能在成功挖掘交易时接收事件的客户端中监听它们。
不过，我可以解决您的 IDE 问题。失败的原因是 oraclizeAPI 依赖于已经部署的合约。他们有一个修饰符，可以根据运行的环境设置合约的内部网络：
function oraclize_setNetwork(uint8 networkID) internal returns(bool)
if (getCodeSize(0x1d3B2638a7cC9f2CB3D298A3DA7a90B67E5506ed)>0) //mainnet
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0x1d3B2638a7cC9f2CB3D298A3DA7a90B67E5506ed);
oraclize_setNetworkName("eth_mainnet");
return true;
if (getCodeSize(0xc03A2615D5efaf5F49F60B7BB6583eaec212fdf1)>0) //ropsten testnet
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0xc03A2615D5efaf5F49F60B7BB6583eaec212fdf1);
oraclize_setNetworkName("eth_ropsten3");
return true;
if (getCodeSize(0xB7A07BcF2Ba2f2703b24C0691b5278999C59AC7e)>0) //kovan testnet
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0xB7A07BcF2Ba2f2703b24C0691b5278999C59AC7e);
oraclize_setNetworkName("eth_kovan");
return true;
if (getCodeSize(0x146500cfd35B22E4A392Fe0aDc06De1a1368Ed48)>0) //rinkeby testnet
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0x146500cfd35B22E4A392Fe0aDc06De1a1368Ed48);
oraclize_setNetworkName("eth_rinkeby");
return true;
if (getCodeSize(0x6f485C8BF6fc43eA212E93BBF8ce046C7f1cb475)>0) //ethereum-bridge
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0x6f485C8BF6fc43eA212E93BBF8ce046C7f1cb475);
return true;
if (getCodeSize(0x20e12A1F859B3FeaE5Fb2A0A32C18F5a65555bBF)>0) //ether.camp ide
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0x20e12A1F859B3FeaE5Fb2A0A32C18F5a65555bBF);
return true;
if (getCodeSize(0x51efaF4c8B3C9AfBD5aB9F4bbC82784Ab6ef8fAA)>0) //browser-solidity
OAR = OraclizeAddrResolverI(0x51efaF4c8B3C9AfBD5aB9F4bbC82784Ab6ef8fAA);
return true;
return false;
当您在 JS VM（这是它自己的沙箱）中运行示例合约时，它无法访问这些合约并且调用失败。如果您将环境切换到 Ropsten/Rinkeby 并通过 MetaMask 连接，它就可以工作。
【讨论】：
我想我明白了。没有办法使用事件。它们只是只读的。关于需求问题：据我所知，我应该在 getToken() 函数中添加以下内容：require(keccak256(result) != keccak256(value))，Being result 我将从 Oracle 获得的内容并重视我想要检查的值。一个非常基本的问题，为了让我的主角阅读result，我应该让它从oracle合约继承，但是之后我应该如何继续？感谢您的耐心等待。
更新：因为你的回答让我走上了正确的道路，我接受了。以上是关于使用 Oraclize 和 Metamask 转移 ERC20 代币的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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