如何使 SET XACT_ABORT ON 回滚事务？

Posted 2023-05-08

【中文标题】如何使 SET XACT_ABORT ON 回滚事务？

【英文标题】：How to make SET XACT_ABORT ON rollback the transaction?

【发布时间】：2012-07-23 19:36:54

【问题描述】：

基于Books Online documentation of SET XACT_ABORT ON，我的印象是，如果 T-SQL 语句引发运行时错误，则整个事务将终止并回滚：

备注

当 SET XACT_ABORT 为 ON 时，如果 Transact-SQL 语句引发运行时错误，则整个事务将终止并回滚。

在 SQL Server 2008 R2 中对此进行测试：

SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'TranCount befor an error = '+CAST(@@Trancount AS varchar(50))

DROP TABLE QuertyAsdf

PRINT 'TranCount after an error = '+CAST(@@Trancount AS varchar(50))

给出输出：

TranCount befor an error = 1
Msg 3701, Level 11, State 5, Line 6
Cannot drop the table 'QwertyAsdf', because it does not exist or you do not have permission.
TranCount after an error = 1

我也觉得SET XACT_ABORT ON terminates the batch if there's an error:

SET XACT_ABORT ON 指示 SQL Server 回滚整个事务并在发生运行时错误时中止批处理。

听起来很方便。我怎样才能让它也这样做？

【问题讨论】：

"when XACT_ABORT is ON, not all errors terminate the batch ... Compilation errors (which normally terminate the scope) do not terminate the batch."

@MartinSmith 大概这不是编译错误，因为它通过了编译并开始执行批处理

一般来说，引用不存在对象的语句会被延迟编译。不确定 DDL 语句是否属于这种情况。

***.com/questions/917773/…

【参考方案1】：

SQL Server 仅在 Severity 级别大于或等于 16 时回滚事务。

查看示例：

Msg 544, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Cannot insert explicit value for identity column in table 'ORC_ORCAMENTO' whenIDENTITY_INSERT is set to OFF.

在 SQL Server 2008 R2 上测试

SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
PRINT 'TranCount befor an error = '+CAST(@@Trancount AS varchar(50))
insert into ORC_ORCAMENTO (ORCID, ORCNOME, ORCATIVO) VALUES (1, 'TESTE_ALEXP', 0);
PRINT 'TranCount after an error = '+CAST(@@Trancount AS varchar(50))

返回

TranCount befor an error = 1
Msg 544, Level 16, State 1, Line 5
Cannot insert explicit value for identity column in table 'ORC_ORCAMENTO' when IDENTITY_INSERT is set to OFF.
TranCount after an error = 0

查看 Microsoft 错误消息级别

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/errors-events/database-engine-events-and-errors

【参考方案2】：

当您使用 xact abort on 时，在 try catch 语句中，您可以手动引发错误以使事务回滚。

set xact_abort on;

begin try
    ...dml statements here....

if conditions here...
    raiseerror(....);

end try
begin catch

end catch