编写从单独的 vsam 文件中提取信息的 Cobol 程序时遇到问题
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【中文标题】编写从单独的 vsam 文件中提取信息的 Cobol 程序时遇到问题【英文标题】：Having trouble writing a Cobol program that pulls information from separate vsam files 【发布时间】：2013-03-02 21:29:26 【问题描述】：我有三个 VSAM 文件。一种用于客户、视频和租赁。在这些 VSAM 文件中，每个客户、视频和租赁都有一个 ID。以下是客户文件的示例：
300，鲍勃，315-123-1414
301，瑞恩，315-213-2617
302，史密斯，315-123-1234
303，罗伯塔，212-125-1234
视频文件和租借文件的设置方式相同。
我需要做的是编写一个 cobol 程序来读取这些 VSAM 文件，然后列出客户、视频以及客户租用的视频。我计划通过为每个客户设置一个 ID 号，然后将该 ID 号与租借的视频一起使用来做到这一点。
到目前为止我的cobol代码如下：
ID DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. PROG3
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
CONFIGURATION SECTION.
SOURCE-COMPUTER. IBM-Z10.
OBJECT-COMPUTER. IBM-Z10.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT CUR-FILE ASSIGN TO MYFILE1
ORGANIZATION INDEXED ACCESS IS SEQUENTIAL
RECORD KEY IS EMP-NO FILE STATUS IS F13.
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD CUR-FILE
RECORD CONTAINS 80 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD IS CUR-REC.
01 CUR-REC.
02 EMP-NO PIC X(6).
02 EMP-NAME PIC X(24).
02 EMP-ADDRESS PIC X(50).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
77 F13 PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
0001-MAIN.
DISPLAY ' I M IN MAIN '.
DISPLAY ' I M IN MAIN '.
OPEN OUTPUT CUR-FILE. IF F13 = 00
DISPLAY ' I M OPENED SUCCESSFULLY ' ELSE
DISPLAY 'OPEN-ERROR ' F13 STOP RUN.
MOVE '822655' TO EMP-NO.
DISPLAY EMP-NO.
MOVE 'MUSADDIQ USMAN' TO EMP-NAME.
MOVE 'P-5/01 STEEL TOWN' TO EMP-ADDRESS.
DISPLAY CUR-REC.
WRITE CUR-REC.
IF F13 = 00 DISPLAY 'WRITE SUCCESSFUL' ELSE
DISPLAY 'WRITE ERROR ' F13 STOP RUN.
CLOSE CUR-FILE.
STOP RUN.
我在下面添加了阅读程序，我认为这将帮助您，希望对我有所帮助：
ID DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. RDVSAM.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
CONFIGURATION SECTION.
SOURCE-COMPUTER. IBM-Z10.
OBJECT-COMPUTER. IBM-Z10.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT CUR-FILE ASSIGN TO MYFILE1
ORGANIZATION INDEXED ACCESS IS SEQUENTIAL
RECORD KEY IS EMP-NO FILE STATUS IS F13.
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD CUR-FILE
RECORD CONTAINS 80 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD IS CUR-REC.
01 CUR-REC.
02 EMP-NO PIC 9(6).
02 EMP-NAME PIC X(24).
02 EMP-ADDRESS PIC X(50).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
77 F13 PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
0001-MAIN.
OPEN INPUT CUR-FILE. IF F13 = 00
DISPLAY ' I M OPENED SUCCESSFULLY ' ELSE
DISPLAY 'OPEN-ERROR ' F13 STOP RUN.
REAd-FILE.
READ CUR-FILE AT END GO TO CLOSE-UP.
DISPLAY EMP-NO ' ' EMP-NAME ' ' EMP-ADDRESS.
GO TO READ-FILE.
CLOSE-UP.
CLOSE CUR-FILE.
STOP RUN.
我卡住了，不知道如何列出所有信息。
谢谢
【问题讨论】：
你说你需要一个程序来读取这三个文件，但你展示了一个程序，它将一条记录写入其中一个文件。你对这个试图加载一些数据的程序有什么问题吗？或者你想知道如何处理这三个文件？ 对不起，当我开始研究这个时，我并没有完全理解它。我还没有完全弄清楚，但是我发布的程序写的是你的权利。我有三个单独的 Vsam 文件，这些文件由我添加到我的主帖中的程序读取。我发布的程序写了我添加的第二个程序读取的内容。但是我无法让该程序一次读取所有 3 个 vsam 文件然后写入数据。 【参考方案1】：查看http://opencobol.add1tocobol.com/#does-opencobol-support-isam 的示例，而不是扫描索引文件，也许http://opencobol.add1tocobol.com/#relative（不同的文件组织）
注意：这只是为了提示。查看 START 和 READ NEXT 以获取线索
OCOBOL >>SOURCE FORMAT IS FIXED
*> ***************************************************************
*><* ================
*><* indexing example
*><* ================
*><* :Author: Brian Tiffin
*><* :Date: 17-Feb-2009
*><* :Purpose: Fun with Indexed IO routines
*><* :Tectonics: cobc -x indexing.cob
*> ***************************************************************
identification division.
program-id. indexing.
environment division.
configuration section.
input-output section.
file-control.
select optional indexing
assign to "indexing.dat"
organization is indexed
access mode is dynamic
record key is keyfield of indexing-record
alternate record key is splitkey of indexing-record
with duplicates
.
*> ** OpenCOBOL does not yet support split keys **
*> alternate record key is newkey
*> source is first-part of indexing-record
*> last-part of indexing-record
*> with duplicates
data division.
file section.
fd indexing.
01 indexing-record.
03 keyfield pic x(8).
03 splitkey.
05 first-part pic 99.
05 middle-part pic x.
05 last-part pic 99.
03 data-part pic x(54).
working-storage section.
01 display-record.
03 filler pic x(4) value spaces.
03 keyfield pic x(8).
03 filler pic xx value spaces.
03 splitkey.
05 first-part pic z9.
05 filler pic x value space.
05 middle-part pic x.
05 filler pic xx value all "+".
05 last-part pic z9.
03 filler pic x(4) value all "-".
03 data-part pic x(54).
*> control break
01 oldkey pic 99x99.
*> In a real app this should well be two separate flags
01 control-flag pic x.
88 no-more-duplicates value high-value
when set to false is low-value.
88 no-more-records value high-value
when set to false is low-value.
*> ***************************************************************
procedure division.
*> Open optional index file for read write
open i-o indexing
*> populate a sample database
move "1234567800a01some 12345678 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "8765432100a01some 87654321 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "1234876500a01some 12348765 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "8765123400a01some 87651234 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "1234567900b02some 12345679 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "9765432100b02some 97654321 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "1234976500b02some 12349765 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "9765123400b02some 97651234 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "1234568900c13some 12345689 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "9865432100c13some 98654321 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "1234986500c13some 12349865 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
move "9865123400c13some 98651234 data here" to indexing-record
perform write-indexing-record
*> close it ... not necessary, but for the example
close indexing
*> clear the record space for this example
move spaces to indexing-record
*> open the data file again
open i-o indexing
*> read all the duplicate 00b02 keys
move 00 to first-part of indexing-record
move "b" to middle-part of indexing-record
move 02 to last-part of indexing-record
*> using read key and then next key / last key compare
set no-more-duplicates to false
perform read-indexing-record
perform read-next-record
until no-more-duplicates
*> read by key of reference ... the cool stuff
move 00 to first-part of indexing-record
move "a" to middle-part of indexing-record
move 02 to last-part of indexing-record
*> using start and read next
set no-more-records to false
perform start-at-key
perform read-next-by-key
until no-more-records
*> read by primary key of reference
move "87654321" to keyfield of indexing-record
*>
set no-more-records to false
perform start-prime-key
perform read-previous-by-key
until no-more-records
*> and with that we are done with indexing sample
close indexing
goback.
*> ***************************************************************
*><* Write paragraph
write-indexing-record.
write indexing-record
invalid key
display
"rewrite key: " keyfield of indexing-record
end-display
rewrite indexing-record
invalid key
display
"really bad key: "
keyfield of indexing-record
end-display
end-rewrite
end-write
.
*><* read by alternate key paragraph
read-indexing-record.
display "Reading: " splitkey of indexing-record end-display
read indexing key is splitkey of indexing-record
invalid key
display
"bad read key: " splitkey of indexing-record
end-display
set no-more-duplicates to true
end-read
.
*><* read next sequential paragraph
read-next-record.
move corresponding indexing-record to display-record
display display-record end-display
move splitkey of indexing-record to oldkey
read indexing next record
at end set no-more-duplicates to true
not at end
if oldkey not equal splitkey of indexing-record
set no-more-duplicates to true
end-if
end-read
.
*><* start primary key of reference paragraph
start-prime-key.
display "Prime < " keyfield of indexing-record end-display
start indexing
key is less than
keyfield of indexing-record
invalid key
display
"bad start: " keyfield of indexing-record
end-display
set no-more-records to true
not invalid key
read indexing previous record
at end set no-more-records to true
end-read
end-start
.
*><* read previous by key of reference paragraph
read-previous-by-key.
move corresponding indexing-record to display-record
display display-record end-display
read indexing previous record
at end set no-more-records to true
end-read
.
*><* start alternate key of reference paragraph
start-at-key.
display "Seeking >= " splitkey of indexing-record end-display
start indexing
key is greater than or equal to
splitkey of indexing-record
invalid key
display
"bad start: " splitkey of indexing-record
end-display
set no-more-records to true
not invalid key
read indexing next record
at end set no-more-records to true
end-read
end-start
.
*><* read next by key of reference paragraph
read-next-by-key.
move corresponding indexing-record to display-record
display display-record end-display
read indexing next record
at end set no-more-records to true
end-read
.
end program indexing.
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：好的，IBM Cobol 手册，由于 VSAM，我假设 IBM 可以在线获得。为您的编译器版本搜索“语言参考”和“编程指南”（在每个编译列表的首页）。
您将需要带有 KEY 的 READ 来查找单个记录，或者，如果您有一组记录，您也可以使用带有 key/START 和 READ NEXT 的 READ。如果您只有部分键，则使用 START 和 READ NEXT。这已由 Brian 提出。
你在学习 Cobol 吗？您应该努力避免 GO TO 并以不同的方式格式化您的程序，每行只有一个动词，也可以帮助您进一步减少句号/句号（请查看 Brian 的示例，以了解末尾的“仅句号”行每个段落，除了段落/SECTIONS 和 PROCEDURE DIVISION 语句本身之外，这是您最需要的句号，如果您没有段落/SECTIONS 则结束程序。
你不应该从 Brian 的代码中复制一件事，那就是“环境”。在大型机上，如果您在文件打开之前或关闭之后访问记录区域，您将获得 S0C4 异常终止（除非它是直接应用或通过 AWO 编译选项仅应用写入的 QSAM 文件）。
在读取之前无需将记录区域设置为初始值。
【讨论】：
感谢比尔的留言。我会考虑更正样本。以上是关于编写从单独的 vsam 文件中提取信息的 Cobol 程序时遇到问题的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章