如何使用 mockito/powermock 模拟 Google 的地理编码 API 请求？

Posted 2023-04-14

技术标签:

【中文标题】如何使用 mockito/powermock 模拟 Google 的地理编码 API 请求？【英文标题】：How can I mock Google's Geocoding API request using mockito/powermock? 【发布时间】：2016-06-09 02:08:28 【问题描述】：

我想使用 mockito/powermock 对该方法进行单元测试：

@Service
public class GoogleApiService 

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GoogleApiService.class);

    private static final String LANGUAGE = "es";

    private List<AddressType> addressTypes = Arrays.asList(
            AddressType.LOCALITY,
            AddressType.ADMINISTRATIVE_AREA_LEVEL_2,
            AddressType.ADMINISTRATIVE_AREA_LEVEL_1,
            AddressType.COUNTRY
    );

    @Autowired
    private GeoApiContext geoApiContext;

    public String getLocalityFromLatLng(LatLng latLng) throws Exception 
        logger.debug("getLocalityFromLatLng");

        GeocodingResult[] geocodingResults = GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext)
            .latlng(latLng)
            .await();
        for (GeocodingResult geocodingResult : geocodingResults) 
            AddressType addressType = geocodingResult.types[0];
            if (addressTypes.contains(addressType)) 
                return geocodingResult.formattedAddress;
            
        
        return StringUtils.EMPTY;

这是我尝试过的：

@PrepareForTest(GeocodingApi.class)
public class GoogleApiServiceUnitTest extends AbstractUnitTest 

    private static final Double LATITUDE = -38.010403;
    private static final Double LONGITUDE = -57.558408;

    @Mock
    private GeoApiContext geoApiContext;

    @InjectMocks
    private GoogleApiService googleApiService;

    @Test
    public void testGetLocalityFromLatLng() throws Exception 

        LatLng latLng = new LatLng(LATITUDE, LONGITUDE);
        GeocodingResult geocodingResult = new GeocodingResult();
        GeocodingResult[] geocodingResults = new GeocodingResult[]  geocodingResult ;

        GeocodingApiRequest geocodingApiRequest = new GeocodingApiRequest(geoApiContext);
        geocodingApiRequest.latlng(latLng);

        mockStatic(GeocodingApi.class);

        // when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext))
           //  .thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);

        // when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext).latlng(latLng))
           //  .thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);

        when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext).latlng(latLng).await())
            .thenReturn(geocodingResults);

        String locality = googleApiService.getLocalityFromLatLng(latLng);

        assertThat(locality, is(notNullValue()));

        verifyStatic(times(1));
        GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext).latlng(latLng).await();

        verifyNoMoreInteractions(geoApiContext);

我收到 NullPointerException。这是堆栈跟踪：

java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.google.maps.PendingResultBase.await(PendingResultBase.java:56)
at com.beermap.server.unit.service.GoogleApiServiceUnitTest.testGetLocalityFromLatLng(GoogleApiServiceUnitTest.java:57)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethod.invoke(TestMethod.java:68)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:310)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie$2.run(MethodRoadie.java:89)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(MethodRoadie.java:97)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:294)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:127)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:82)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:282)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:87)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:50)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:207)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:146)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$1.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:120)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:122)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:106)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run(AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:53)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run(PowerMockRunner.java:59)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:78)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:212)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140)

在 await() 调用行中

编辑：这是现在的样子，它仍然无法正常工作

顺便说一句，@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 在 AbstractUnitTest 中

@Test
public void testGetLocalityFromLatLng() throws Exception 

    LatLng latLng = new LatLng(LATITUDE, LONGITUDE);
    GeocodingResult geocodingResult = new GeocodingResult();
    geocodingResult.types = new AddressType[]  AddressType.LOCALITY ;
    geocodingResult.formattedAddress = FORMATTED_ADDRESS;
    GeocodingResult[] geocodingResults = new GeocodingResult[]  geocodingResult ;

    GeocodingApiRequest geocodingApiRequest = mock(GeocodingApiRequest.class);

    mockStatic(GeocodingApi.class);

    when(geocodingApiRequest.latlng(latLng)).thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);
    when(geocodingApiRequest.await()).thenReturn(geocodingResults); // NPE here
    when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext)).thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);

    String locality = googleApiService.getLocalityFromLatLng(latLng);

    assertThat(locality, is(notNullValue()));

    // verifyStatic(times(1));
    // GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext).latlng(latLng).await();

    // verifyNoMoreInteractions(geoApiContext);

和堆栈：

java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.google.maps.PendingResultBase.makeRequest(PendingResultBase.java:79)
at com.google.maps.PendingResultBase.await(PendingResultBase.java:55)
at com.beermap.server.unit.service.GoogleApiServiceUnitTest.testGetLocalityFromLatLng(GoogleApiServiceUnitTest.java:56)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethod.invoke(TestMethod.java:68)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:310)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie$2.run(MethodRoadie.java:89)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(MethodRoadie.java:97)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:294)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:127)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:82)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:282)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:87)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:50)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:207)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:146)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$1.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:120)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:122)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:106)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run(AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:53)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run(PowerMockRunner.java:59)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:78)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:212)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140)

提前致谢

【问题讨论】：

可以添加空指针堆栈跟踪吗？ 【参考方案1】：

这里有几个错误，说明你对mock有误解。让我们分析一下：

一开始，我希望是复制过去的错误，你没有@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)，否则你会得到另一个异常。

第二点，这条注释掉的行是正确的when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext)).thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);。当GeocodingApi的静态方法时你想返回geocodingApiRequest。

最后，但最重要的一点，这行是错误的：when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext).latlng(latLng).await()).thenReturn(geocodingResults);

这里只会模拟一个静态调用：GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext)。

并且将返回真正对象的实例，因为您创建了一个新实例 GeocodingApiRequest geocodingApiRequest = new GeocodingApiRequest(geoApiContext);。

latlng(latLng) 方法是从真正的对象调用的。这真的是召唤，而不是嘲笑。但在我看来，你也想嘲笑它。

那就模拟一下吧：GeocodingApiRequest geocodingApiRequest = mock(GeocodingApiRequest.class);

之后。模拟所有需要模拟的调用：

when(geocodingApiRequest.latlng(latLng)).thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);
when(geocodingApiRequest.await()).thenReturn(geocodingResults);

另一个错误，但与以前一样重要且更明显：未为geocodingResult 设置所需文件。

GeocodingResult geocodingResult = new GeocodingResult();
geocodingResult.types = new AddressType[] AddressType.LOCALITY;
geocodingResult.formattedAddress = "Some address";

完整的工作测试：

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(GeocodingApi.class, GeocodingApiRequest.class)
public class GoogleApiServiceUnitTest  

    private static final Double LATITUDE = -38.010403;
    private static final Double LONGITUDE = -57.558408;

    @Mock
    private GeoApiContext geoApiContext;

    @InjectMocks
    private GoogleApiService googleApiService;

    @Test
    public void testGetLocalityFromLatLng() throws Exception 

        LatLng latLng = new LatLng(LATITUDE, LONGITUDE);
        GeocodingResult geocodingResult = new GeocodingResult();
        geocodingResult.types = new AddressType[] AddressType.LOCALITY;
        geocodingResult.formattedAddress = "Some address";

        GeocodingResult[] geocodingResults = new GeocodingResult[]  geocodingResult ;

        GeocodingApiRequest geocodingApiRequest = mock(GeocodingApiRequest.class);
        when(geocodingApiRequest.latlng(latLng)).thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);
        when(geocodingApiRequest.await()).thenReturn(geocodingResults);

        mockStatic(GeocodingApi.class);

        when(GeocodingApi.newRequest(eq(geoApiContext)))
          .thenReturn(geocodingApiRequest);

        String locality = googleApiService.getLocalityFromLatLng(latLng);

        assertThat(locality, is(notNullValue()));

        verifyStatic(times(1));
        GeocodingApi.newRequest(geoApiContext);

        // add verification other mock if you really need it

        verifyNoMoreInteractions(geoApiContext);

【讨论】：

谢谢，它有帮助，但仍然无法正常工作，我仍然在 await() 调用中收到 NPE，我编辑了我的测试（请参阅答案中的编辑）并复制/粘贴您的解决方案，并且两者都在同一行失败。您是否将“GeocodingApiRequest.class”添加到“@PrepareForTest”？哦，我忘记了，但我现在添加了，但仍然无法正常工作..同样的错误嗯，我在发布之前测试了我的代码，所以另一个猜测可能会有所不同，它使用'Mockito.mock'而不是'PowerMockito.mock'。太棒了！这就是诀窍！非常感谢！我会为任何其他有同样问题的人更新问题。再次感谢！

以上是关于如何使用 mockito/powermock 模拟 Google 的地理编码 API 请求？的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章

模拟系统类时的 Mockito + PowerMock LinkageError

text Mockito，PowerMock依赖项

单元测试及框架简介 --junitjmockmockitopowermock的简单使用

如何使用@WebMvcTest 春季测试在模拟服务中注入模拟的restTemplate

如何判断是不是被检测到使用模拟器了

使用模拟商店时如何在ngxs中模拟@Select