将 geoJson 数据转换为 sql server 空间数据类型（GIS）

Posted 2023-04-12

【中文标题】将 geoJson 数据转换为 sql server 空间数据类型（GIS）

【英文标题】：convert geoJson data to sql server spatial data type (GIS)

【发布时间】：2016-01-27 02:15:19

【问题描述】：

我从 openstreetmaps 行政边界（城市、地区、国家等）下载 geoJson 格式。

我正在尝试使用空间数据将与多边形相关的 json 数据存储在我的 ms sql 服务器中。由于我从未解析过如此复杂的 json 文件，因此在手动创建 c# 对象来存储解析的数据时遇到了困难。

我正在使用 newtonsoftJson.json 来读取 geoJson 文件并创建一个对象。 然后我使用反射来获取与对象相关的属性。这是一项相当繁琐的任务，因为在某些情况下，对象在 geojson 文件中嵌套在 4 个以上的级别中。由于我必须存储世界上所有城市的多边形，我显然需要一种更快、更准确的方法。

实现我的目标的最佳方法是什么？ 我猜 json 模式可能会有很大帮助，但是如何？ 是否有标准 geoJson 架构，如果我将架构用于 openstreetmaps 和其他 GIS 框架（谷歌地图），它是否兼容？

【参考方案1】：

这可以在 SqlServer 2016 中用纯 SQL 完成，正如 @javan-MSFT 在 2015 年回答的那样。在 SQL 中执行此操作意味着没有运行时依赖项，您可以轻松地直接在 SSMS 中上传静态数据记录，但我告诉你这并不像它应该的那么容易，MSDN 博客中的链接是一个基本的开始，但不会很快帮助您：

Parsing GeoJSON format in Sql Server 2016 Loading GeoJSON data into SQL Server

如果不发布您的数据集的 sn-p，我无法定制一个 100% 有效的查询，但我可以使用我从 https://github.com/johan/world.geo.json 获取的数据的 sn-p 向您展示这是一个很好的低分辨率GeoJSON 文件，hi res 文件遵循相同的结构，只是有更多的点。

declare @worldGeoJson nvarchar(max) = '"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[
"type":"Feature","id":"AFG","properties":"name":"Afghanistan","geometry":"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[61.210817,35.650072],[62.230651,35.270664],[62.984662,35.404041],[63.193538,35.857166],[63.982896,36.007957],[64.546479,36.312073],[64.746105,37.111818],[65.588948,37.305217],[65.745631,37.661164],[66.217385,37.39379],[66.518607,37.362784],[67.075782,37.356144],[67.83,37.144994],[68.135562,37.023115],[68.859446,37.344336],[69.196273,37.151144],[69.518785,37.608997],[70.116578,37.588223],[70.270574,37.735165],[70.376304,38.138396],[70.806821,38.486282],[71.348131,38.258905],[71.239404,37.953265],[71.541918,37.905774],[71.448693,37.065645],[71.844638,36.738171],[72.193041,36.948288],[72.63689,37.047558],[73.260056,37.495257],[73.948696,37.421566],[74.980002,37.41999],[75.158028,37.133031],[74.575893,37.020841],[74.067552,36.836176],[72.920025,36.720007],[71.846292,36.509942],[71.262348,36.074388],[71.498768,35.650563],[71.613076,35.153203],[71.115019,34.733126],[71.156773,34.348911],[70.881803,33.988856],[69.930543,34.02012],[70.323594,33.358533],[69.687147,33.105499],[69.262522,32.501944],[69.317764,31.901412],[68.926677,31.620189],[68.556932,31.71331],[67.792689,31.58293],[67.683394,31.303154],[66.938891,31.304911],[66.381458,30.738899],[66.346473,29.887943],[65.046862,29.472181],[64.350419,29.560031],[64.148002,29.340819],[63.550261,29.468331],[62.549857,29.318572],[60.874248,29.829239],[61.781222,30.73585],[61.699314,31.379506],[60.941945,31.548075],[60.863655,32.18292],[60.536078,32.981269],[60.9637,33.528832],[60.52843,33.676446],[60.803193,34.404102],[61.210817,35.650072]]],
"type":"Feature","id":"ARE","properties":"name":"United Arab Emirates","geometry":"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[51.579519,24.245497],[51.757441,24.294073],[51.794389,24.019826],[52.577081,24.177439],[53.404007,24.151317],[54.008001,24.121758],[54.693024,24.797892],[55.439025,25.439145],[56.070821,26.055464],[56.261042,25.714606],[56.396847,24.924732],[55.886233,24.920831],[55.804119,24.269604],[55.981214,24.130543],[55.528632,23.933604],[55.525841,23.524869],[55.234489,23.110993],[55.208341,22.70833],[55.006803,22.496948],[52.000733,23.001154],[51.617708,24.014219],[51.579519,24.245497]]],
"type":"Feature","id":"AUS","properties":"name":"Australia","geometry":"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[145.397978,-40.792549],[146.364121,-41.137695],[146.908584,-41.000546],[147.689259,-40.808258],[148.289068,-40.875438],[148.359865,-42.062445],[148.017301,-42.407024],[147.914052,-43.211522],[147.564564,-42.937689],[146.870343,-43.634597],[146.663327,-43.580854],[146.048378,-43.549745],[145.43193,-42.693776],[145.29509,-42.03361],[144.718071,-41.162552],[144.743755,-40.703975],[145.397978,-40.792549]]],[[[143.561811,-13.763656],[143.922099,-14.548311],[144.563714,-14.171176],[144.894908,-14.594458],[145.374724,-14.984976],[145.271991,-15.428205],[145.48526,-16.285672],[145.637033,-16.784918],[145.888904,-16.906926],[146.160309,-17.761655],[146.063674,-18.280073],[146.387478,-18.958274],[147.471082,-19.480723],[148.177602,-19.955939],[148.848414,-20.39121],[148.717465,-20.633469],[149.28942,-21.260511],[149.678337,-22.342512],[150.077382,-22.122784],[150.482939,-22.556142],[150.727265,-22.402405],[150.899554,-23.462237],[151.609175,-24.076256],[152.07354,-24.457887],[152.855197,-25.267501],[153.136162,-26.071173],[153.161949,-26.641319],[153.092909,-27.2603],[153.569469,-28.110067],[153.512108,-28.995077],[153.339095,-29.458202],[153.069241,-30.35024],[153.089602,-30.923642],[152.891578,-31.640446],[152.450002,-32.550003],[151.709117,-33.041342],[151.343972,-33.816023],[151.010555,-34.31036],[150.714139,-35.17346],[150.32822,-35.671879],[150.075212,-36.420206],[149.946124,-37.109052],[149.997284,-37.425261],[149.423882,-37.772681],[148.304622,-37.809061],[147.381733,-38.219217],[146.922123,-38.606532],[146.317922,-39.035757],[145.489652,-38.593768],[144.876976,-38.417448],[145.032212,-37.896188],[144.485682,-38.085324],[143.609974,-38.809465],[142.745427,-38.538268],[142.17833,-38.380034],[141.606582,-38.308514],[140.638579,-38.019333],[139.992158,-37.402936],[139.806588,-36.643603],[139.574148,-36.138362],[139.082808,-35.732754],[138.120748,-35.612296],[138.449462,-35.127261],[138.207564,-34.384723],[137.71917,-35.076825],[136.829406,-35.260535],[137.352371,-34.707339],[137.503886,-34.130268],[137.890116,-33.640479],[137.810328,-32.900007],[136.996837,-33.752771],[136.372069,-34.094766],[135.989043,-34.890118],[135.208213,-34.47867],[135.239218,-33.947953],[134.613417,-33.222778],[134.085904,-32.848072],[134.273903,-32.617234],[132.990777,-32.011224],[132.288081,-31.982647],[131.326331,-31.495803],[129.535794,-31.590423],[128.240938,-31.948489],[127.102867,-32.282267],[126.148714,-32.215966],[125.088623,-32.728751],[124.221648,-32.959487],[124.028947,-33.483847],[123.659667,-33.890179],[122.811036,-33.914467],[122.183064,-34.003402],[121.299191,-33.821036],[120.580268,-33.930177],[119.893695,-33.976065],[119.298899,-34.509366],[119.007341,-34.464149],[118.505718,-34.746819],[118.024972,-35.064733],[117.295507,-35.025459],[116.625109,-35.025097],[115.564347,-34.386428],[115.026809,-34.196517],[115.048616,-33.623425],[115.545123,-33.487258],[115.714674,-33.259572],[115.679379,-32.900369],[115.801645,-32.205062],[115.689611,-31.612437],[115.160909,-30.601594],[114.997043,-30.030725],[115.040038,-29.461095],[114.641974,-28.810231],[114.616498,-28.516399],[114.173579,-28.118077],[114.048884,-27.334765],[113.477498,-26.543134],[113.338953,-26.116545],[113.778358,-26.549025],[113.440962,-25.621278],[113.936901,-25.911235],[114.232852,-26.298446],[114.216161,-25.786281],[113.721255,-24.998939],[113.625344,-24.683971],[113.393523,-24.384764],[113.502044,-23.80635],[113.706993,-23.560215],[113.843418,-23.059987],[113.736552,-22.475475],[114.149756,-21.755881],[114.225307,-22.517488],[114.647762,-21.82952],[115.460167,-21.495173],[115.947373,-21.068688],[116.711615,-20.701682],[117.166316,-20.623599],[117.441545,-20.746899],[118.229559,-20.374208],[118.836085,-20.263311],[118.987807,-20.044203],[119.252494,-19.952942],[119.805225,-19.976506],[120.85622,-19.683708],[121.399856,-19.239756],[121.655138,-18.705318],[122.241665,-18.197649],[122.286624,-17.798603],[122.312772,-17.254967],[123.012574,-16.4052],[123.433789,-17.268558],[123.859345,-17.069035],[123.503242,-16.596506],[123.817073,-16.111316],[124.258287,-16.327944],[124.379726,-15.56706],[124.926153,-15.0751],[125.167275,-14.680396],[125.670087,-14.51007],[125.685796,-14.230656],[126.125149,-14.347341],[126.142823,-14.095987],[126.582589,-13.952791],[127.065867,-13.817968],[127.804633,-14.276906],[128.35969,-14.86917],[128.985543,-14.875991],[129.621473,-14.969784],[129.4096,-14.42067],[129.888641,-13.618703],[130.339466,-13.357376],[130.183506,-13.10752],[130.617795,-12.536392],[131.223495,-12.183649],[131.735091,-12.302453],[132.575298,-12.114041],[132.557212,-11.603012],[131.824698,-11.273782],[132.357224,-11.128519],[133.019561,-11.376411],[133.550846,-11.786515],[134.393068,-12.042365],[134.678632,-11.941183],[135.298491,-12.248606],[135.882693,-11.962267],[136.258381,-12.049342],[136.492475,-11.857209],[136.95162,-12.351959],[136.685125,-12.887223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"type":"Feature","id":"USA","properties":"name":"United States of America","geometry":"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.272917,48.019808],[-88.378114,48.302918],[-87.439793,47.94],[-86.461991,47.553338],[-85.652363,47.220219],[-84.87608,46.900083],[-84.779238,46.637102],[-84.543749,46.538684],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.512226],[-84.091851,46.275419],[-83.890765,46.116927],[-83.616131,46.116927],[-83.469551,45.994686],[-83.592851,45.816894],[-82.550925,45.347517],[-82.337763,44.44],[-82.137642,43.571088],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.975681],[-83.02981,41.832796],[-82.690089,41.675105],[-82.439278,41.675105],[-81.277747,42.209026],[-80.247448,42.3662],[-78.939362,42.863611],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.171674,43.466339],[-78.72028,43.625089],[-77.737885,43.629056],[-76.820034,43.628784],[-76.5,44.018459],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.237216,47.447781],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.645476,43.090238],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.931102],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.952325,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.071835,38.782032],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.319215],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.542725,38.717615],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.989998,38.239992],[-76.30162,37.917945],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.397635,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.301325,32.509355],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.535585,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.056539,26.88],[-80.088015,26.205765],[-80.13156,25.816775],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.593831,30.159994],[-89.413735,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.880225,29.148535],[-91.626785,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.754854],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.295938,33.046225],[-117.944,33.621236],[-118.410602,33.740909],[-118.519895,34.027782],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.438841,34.348477],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.622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"type":"Feature","id":"ZWE","properties":"name":"Zimbabwe","geometry":"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[31.191409,-22.25151],[30.659865,-22.151567],[30.322883,-22.271612],[29.839037,-22.102216],[29.432188,-22.091313],[28.794656,-21.639454],[28.02137,-21.485975],[27.727228,-20.851802],[27.724747,-20.499059],[27.296505,-20.39152],[26.164791,-19.293086],[25.850391,-18.714413],[25.649163,-18.536026],[25.264226,-17.73654],[26.381935,-17.846042],[26.706773,-17.961229],[27.044427,-17.938026],[27.598243,-17.290831],[28.467906,-16.4684],[28.825869,-16.389749],[28.947463,-16.043051],[29.516834,-15.644678],[30.274256,-15.507787],[30.338955,-15.880839],[31.173064,-15.860944],[31.636498,-16.07199],[31.852041,-16.319417],[32.328239,-16.392074],[32.847639,-16.713398],[32.849861,-17.979057],[32.654886,-18.67209],[32.611994,-19.419383],[32.772708,-19.715592],[32.659743,-20.30429],[32.508693,-20.395292],[32.244988,-21.116489],[31.191409,-22.25151]]]
]'
;

select
    id, [name], Geo = fixed 
from   openjson (@worldGeoJson, '$.features')
with
(
    id char(3) '$.id',
    [type] Varchar(64) '$.geometry.type',
    [name] varchar(200) '$.properties.name',
    [coordinates] nvarchar(max) '$.geometry.coordinates' as json
)
as GeoData
OUTER apply (
select 
   stuff( 
      (
        select concat(',  ', json_value(Value,'$[0]'),' ',json_value(Value,'$[1]'))  
        from openjson(GeoData.coordinates,'$[0]') 
        order by cast([key] as int)
        for xml path('')
      ),1,3,'') [path]
    WHERE GeoData.[type] = 'Polygon'
) PolygonData
OUTER APPLY (
    SELECT  STUFF(
        (
            SELECT CONCAT(',  ', polygon)
            FROM OPENJSON(GeoData.coordinates) as Poly 
            CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(Poly.value) as Shape 
            CROSS APPLY (
                SELECT '(' + stuff( 
                (
                    select concat(',  ', json_value(Value,'$[0]'),' ',json_value(Value,'$[1]'))  
                    from OPENJSON(Shape.value)
                    order by cast([key] as int)
                    for xml path('')
                ),1,3,'')+')' polygon
        ) Polygons
        for xml path('')
    ),1,3,'') multi
    WHERE GeoData.[type] = 'MultiPolygon'
) MultigonData
cross apply (
    SELECT concat(upper(GeoData.[type]),'((',COALESCE(PolygonData.path, MultigonData.multi),'))') WKT
) shapeDef
outer apply (
select geography::STGeomFromText(WKT,4326).MakeValid()/*.ReorientObject()*/ as geom
) geography
outer apply (
select CASE WHEN geom.EnvelopeAngle() > 90 THEN geom.ReorientObject() ELSE geom END as fixed
) fixes

我在这里使用了 APPLY 查询，希望可以使代码更易于理解，同时也可以让您更轻松地检查逻辑并根据需要对其进行自定义。

请注意，PolygonData 的 OUTER APPLY 查询仅返回结果 WHERE GeoData.[type] = 'Polygon' 和 MultigonData 也在几何类型字段上进行过滤。通过这种方式，当几何输入不会导致有效语法时，我们可以避免查询执行错误。

如果需要，您可以将这种模式继续用于其他几何类型。Thankyou @Hank and @Vitaly-Borisov for your assistance on this one :)

MultiPolygon 线很难正确处理，它仅比普通多边形多 1 个维度，但仍需要一些时间才能将您的头部包裹起来。

MakeValid 仅对某些来源是必需的，通常是高分辨率的东西，但将其保留在那里是明智的。ReorientObject 仅对产生的形状是必需的在反转输出中，这通常是点的顺序不正确的情况，因此我们使用 EnvelopeAngle 来确定是否应该重新定向。 （重新定位一切可能会导致某些形状倒置。

【讨论】：

嗨，克里斯，如果你有兴趣，我已经使用了你的陈述，但遇到了问题，提出了一个新问题 ***.com/questions/56371128/…

谢谢@Hank！我已经根据您的问题的结果更新了这篇文章，这对我来说有点像新手错误。

这是很好的信息@Chris。点型几何以及多边形和多多边形的语法是什么？

@SeaDude 上面显示了多边形和多边形，添加点应该不会太难，我已经将我的代码转换为 C# 以适应 GIS 提供商之间的不同细微差别。但是，如果您使用要解析的 JSON 样本（每种几何类型中的一种）发布问题，我将非常乐意对其进行破解。

@SeaDude 也可以看到 jovan 的回答：***.com/a/33552784/1690217 它专门展示了如何解析点。

【参考方案2】：

在 SQL Server 2016 中，您可以parse GeoJSON format using OPENJSON function，然后您可以将坐标表转换为空间类型。 每个嵌套的 GeoJSON 级别都通过一个额外的 CROSS APPLY 调用来处理。也可以load GeoJSON into spatial columns 如果你不使用 SQL Server 2016 或者你想在应用层使用逻辑，那么可能唯一的方法是 Json.Net。

【讨论】：

这些链接现在好像坏了。

【参考方案3】：

我正在使用以下替换

UPDATE  [dbo].[YourTable]
set  coorGeo = Replace(Replace(Replace(Replace(Replace(coorGeo,'[' , ''), '],', '*'),',',' '),'*',','),']','')

然后你可以添加地理：

update [dbo].[YourTable] set Coordinates = geography::STPolyFromText('POLYGON(('+coorGeo+'))', 4326);