如何装饰 MediatR 处理程序

Posted 2023-03-31

【中文标题】如何装饰 MediatR 处理程序

【英文标题】：How to decorate a MediatR Handler

【发布时间】：2019-07-02 00:12:10

【问题描述】：

我只想装饰一个 MediatR 处理程序。我尝试使用 Behaviours，但 Behaviors 为每个实现 IRequestHandler<TRequest,TResponse>的处理程序注入了装饰器

public class ProcessFirstCommand : IRequest<bool>

    public string Message  get; set; 


public class ProcessFirstCommandHandler : IRequestHandler<ProcessFirstCommand, bool>

    public Task<bool> Handle(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("Inside Process First Command Handler");

        return Task.FromResult(true);
    


public class Manager

    private readonly IMediator _mediator;

    public Manager(IMediator mediator)
    
        _mediator = mediator;
    

    public void Execute()
    
        _mediator.Send(new ProcessFirstCommand());
    


//Registering in Autofac for IRequestHandler
public class Module : Autofac.Module

    protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
    
        builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(ThisAssembly)
            .AsClosedTypesOf(typeof(IRequestHandler<,>));
    

问题：如何添加一个装饰器，该装饰器将在调用 ProcessFirstCommandHandler 类的 Handle 方法之前执行，而不是为实现 IRequestHandler 的其他类添加。

当Manager对象执行此行_mediator.Send(new ProcessFirstCommand());时，如何在ProcessFirstCommandHandler之前首先调用下面的类Handle方法@

public class ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator<TRequest, TResponse> : IRequestHandler<ProcessFirstCommand, bool>
                                                                            where TRequest : ProcessFirstCommand                    
    
        private readonly IRequestHandler<ProcessFirstCommand, bool> _handler;

        public ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator(IRequestHandler<ProcessFirstCommand, bool> handler)
        
            _handler = handler;
        
        public Task<bool> Handle(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        
            Console.WriteLine("Inside Process First Command Handler Decorator");

            _handler.Handle(request, cancellationToken);

            return Task.FromResult(true);
    

【参考方案1】：

如果您想要做的只是在调用处理程序之前让某些东西运行，那么您可以利用行为来实现这一点。我知道你说过你之前已经尝试过，但是，你可以创建一个通用的 Behavior 来运行 IRequestPreProcessor 的所有实现。

注意：以下过程也适用于在处理程序运行后实现某些内容，您只需将接口从 IRequestPreProcessor 更改为 IRequestPostProcessor

所以如果你有你的命令处理程序：

public class ProcessFirstCommandHandler : IRequestHandler<ProcessFirstCommand, bool>

    public Task<bool> Handle(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("Inside Process First Command Handler");

        return Task.FromResult(true);
    

你可以实现 IRequestPreProcessor（你需要的装饰器），但一定要指定你希望它运行的命令

public class PreProcessFirstCommand : IRequestPreprocessor<ProcessFirstCommand>

    public ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator()
    
        
    

    public Task Process(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("Inside Process First Command Handler Decorator");
    

这将由您的通用 PreProcessorBehaviour 激活，它将在每个 MediatR 请求上运行，但只会注入使用通用类型或指定 TRequest 类型的 IRequestPreProcessor 实现，就像我们上面的 PreProcessFirstCommand 类所做的那样：

public class RequestPreProcessValidationBehaviour<TRequest, TResponse> : IPipelineBehavior<TRequest, TResponse> where TRequest : IRequest<TResponse>

    private readonly IEnumerable<IRequestPreProcessor<TRequest>> _preProcessors;

    public RequestPreProcessValidationBehaviour(IEnumerable<IRequestPreProcessor<TRequest>> preProcessors)
    
        _preProcessors = preProcessors;
    

    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(TRequest request, CancellationToken cancellationToken, RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next)
    
        foreach (var processor in _preProcessors)
        
            await processor.Process(request, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
        

        return await next().ConfigureAwait(false);
    

注意：此解决方案唯一的小问题是，如果您使用 ASP .NET Core 的默认依赖注入器，它只会注入实现 IRequestPreProcessor 并指定类型的类之一。

例如：

如果你有以下课程：

ProcessFirstCommandHandler.cs

public class ProcessFirstCommandHandler : IRequestHandler<ProcessFirstCommand, bool>

    public Task<bool> Handle(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("I'm inside the handler");

        return Task.FromResult(true);
    

PreProcessFirstCommand.cs

public class PreProcessFirstCommand : IRequestPreprocessor<ProcessFirstCommand>
    
    public ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator()
    

    

    public Task Process(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("I ran before the handler");
    

另一个PreProcessFirstCommand.cs

public class AnotherPreProcessFirstCommand : IRequestPreprocessor<ProcessFirstCommand>

    public ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator()
    

    

    public Task Process(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("I ran before the handler as well!");
    
 

GenericPreProcessCommand.cs

public class GenericPreProcessCommand<TRequest> : IRequestPreprocessor<TRequest>

    public ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator()
    

    

    public Task Process(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("I'm generic!");
    
 

AnotherGenericPreProcessCommand.cs

public class AnotherGenericPreProcessCommand<TRequest> : IRequestPreprocessor<TRequest>

    public ProcessFirstCommandHandlerDecorator()
    

    

    public Task Process(ProcessFirstCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    
        Console.WriteLine("I'm generic aswell!");
    
 

使用前面提到的通用 PreProcessorBehavior，这将注入 GenericPreProcessCommand 和 AnotherGenericPreProcessCommand，但只注入 PreProcessFirstCommand 或 AnotherPreProcessFirstCommand。这似乎只是 DI 的限制。我已经在official github issue 上为 MediatR 的创建者 Jimmy Bogard 留下了 cmets，因此请务必在此处阅读并做出贡献。

【参考方案2】：

虽然在大多数情况下使用IRequestPreProcessor 是推荐和首选的方式，但您仍然可以直接调用您的 IoC 容器来添加装饰器。

例如，使用 SimpleInjector：

container.RegisterDecorator(typeof(IRequestHandler<,>), typeof(HandlerDecorator<,>));