无法使用 Ubuntu 20.04 使 Net5 工作（OpenSSL 连接问题）
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【中文标题】无法使用 Ubuntu 20.04 使 Net5 工作（OpenSSL 连接问题）【英文标题】：Cannot make work Net5 with Ubuntu 20.04 (OpenSSL connection problem) 【发布时间】：2020-12-19 09:01:41 【问题描述】：我已将应用程序从 NetCore 3.1 和 Ubuntu 18.04 迁移到 Net5 和 Ubuntu 20.04。
当 HttpWebRequest 对象调用 GetResponse 方法时，应用程序开始失败。
我发现了来自 Microsoft 的关于行为重大变化的警告，请参阅
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/core/compatibility/cryptography/5.0/default-cipher-suites-for-tls-on-linux
还有一篇非常有趣的帖子（Linux 通用，与 Net5 无关） https://medium.com/siberians-pro/how-to-use-tlsv1-on-ubuntu-20-04-133c2898ad7
但两者都不适合我。
到目前为止我所尝试的：
-
我创建了一个特定的本地 openssl.cnf 文件，其中包含此内容
openssl_conf = openssl_init
[openssl_init]
ssl_conf = ssl_sect
[ssl_sect]
system_default = system_default_sect
[system_default_sect]
MinProtocol = TLSv1
CipherString = DEFAULT@SECLEVEL=1
-
我已经导出了指向这个文件的变量
OPENSSL_CONF
export OPENSSL_CONF=/var/www/spider/openssl.cnf
-
我正常启动我的代码
dotnet Spider.dll
-
我得到了例外
fail: Spider.Program[0]
[19/12/2020 08:50:52.724]: Error getting response from https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/xml.php?id=BOE-S-20201216
System.Net.WebException: The SSL connection could not be established, see inner exception.
---> System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException: The SSL connection could not be established, see inner exception.
---> System.Security.Authentication.AuthenticationException: Authentication failed, see inner exception.
---> Interop+OpenSsl+SslException: SSL Handshake failed with OpenSSL error - SSL_ERROR_SSL.
---> Interop+Crypto+OpenSslCryptographicException: error:14094410:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:sslv3 alert handshake failure
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at Interop.OpenSsl.DoSslHandshake(SafeSslHandle context, ReadOnlySpan`1 input, Byte[]& sendBuf, Int32& sendCount)
at System.Net.Security.SslStreamPal.HandshakeInternal(SafeFreeCredentials credential, SafeDeleteSslContext& context, ReadOnlySpan`1 inputBuffer, Byte[]& outputBuffer, SslAuthenticationOptions sslAuthenticationOptions)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ForceAuthenticationAsync[TIOAdapter](TIOAdapter adapter, Boolean receiveFirst, Byte[] reAuthenticationData, Boolean isApm)
at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ProcessAuthentication(Boolean isAsync, Boolean isApm, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Security.SslStream.AuthenticateAsClient(SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslClientAuthenticationOptions)
at System.Net.Http.ConnectHelper.EstablishSslConnectionAsyncCore(Boolean async, Stream stream, SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Net.Http.ConnectHelper.EstablishSslConnectionAsyncCore(Boolean async, Stream stream, SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.ConnectAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.CreateHttp11ConnectionAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.GetHttpConnectionAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.SendWithRetryAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, Boolean doRequestAuth, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.RedirectHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.DecompressionHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpMessageHandlerStage.Send(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.SocketsHttpHandler.Send(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler.Send(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker.Send(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.SendAsyncCore(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpCompletionOption completionOption, Boolean async, Boolean emitTelemetryStartStop, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.Send(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpCompletionOption completionOption, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.SendRequest(Boolean async)
at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()
at Common.Services.WebContent.GetXmlContent() in xxxxxxxxx/ContentService.cs:line 671
注意：我也试过了
-
在
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf中更改全局openssl.cnf
用curl -vvv 测试相同的URL。它在 openssl.cnf 中没有任何变化，并显示正确的 TLSv1.2 协商（在我的 URL 中，到 AES128-SHA256）
用openssl s_client -connect host:port 测试相同的URL。再次，运行没有问题。
更新：我创建了一个简单的测试代码。此代码在 Mac 中的 Net5 和 docker 容器中运行没有问题，但在 Ubuntu 20.04 中因上一个错误而失败
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace BugSSL
class Program
static void Main(string[] args)
Curl("https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/xml.php?id=BOE-S-20201216");
static void Curl(string url)
HttpWebRequest request;
HttpWebResponse response;
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.SystemDefault;
try
Console.WriteLine("START-------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine($"Getting URL $url");
request = WebRequest.CreateHttp(url);
request.Method = "GET";
request.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
request.AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Deflate | DecompressionMethods.GZip;
request.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.UserAgent, "SSLBugTest/0.0.0");
using (response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
Console.WriteLine($"Response status: response.StatusCode response.StatusDescription");
Console.WriteLine("Response headers");
foreach(string header in response.Headers)
Console.WriteLine($" header: response.GetResponseHeader(header)");
Console.WriteLine($"Content-Type: response.ContentType");
Console.WriteLine($"Content-Length: response.ContentLength");
Console.WriteLine("END---------------------------------------------------");
catch (Exception e)
TextWriter stderr = Console.Error;
stderr.WriteLine($"Error processing url. Error: e.Message");
stderr.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
while(e.InnerException!=null)
e = e.InnerException;
Console.WriteLine($"Inner exception: e.Message");
stderr.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
UPDATE1：我在 github 中发现了这个问题，但它已被关闭，没有诊断或解决方案 https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/44191
UPDATE2：我怀疑问题是 Net5 没有使用配置的 CipherStrings，我创建了一个测试来使用所有内部配置的。这不起作用，但也许代码可以帮助进一步诊断
static async Task Curl2(string url)
List<TlsCipherSuite> cipherSuites;
SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions;
SocketsHttpHandler socketHttpHandler;
HttpResponseMessage response;
Console.WriteLine("START-------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("Using HttpClient and custom socket (custom SslOptions)");
cipherSuites = new List<TlsCipherSuite>();
foreach (TlsCipherSuite cipherSuite in (TlsCipherSuite[]) Enum.GetValues(typeof(TlsCipherSuite)))
cipherSuites.Add(cipherSuite);
sslOptions = new SslClientAuthenticationOptions();
//sslOptions = new SslClientAuthenticationOptions
//
// CipherSuitesPolicy = new CipherSuitesPolicy(cipherSuites)
//;
try
sslOptions = new SslClientAuthenticationOptions();
socketHttpHandler = new SocketsHttpHandler
SslOptions = sslOptions
;
var httpClient = new HttpClient(socketHttpHandler, true);
using (response = await httpClient.GetAsync(url))
Console.WriteLine($"Response status: response.StatusCode");
Console.WriteLine("Response headers");
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, IEnumerable<string>> header in response.Headers)
Console.Write($" header.Key: ");
foreach (string value in header.Value)
Console.Write($"value ");
Console.WriteLine("");
catch (Exception e)
TextWriter stderr = Console.Error;
stderr.WriteLine($"Error processing url. Error: e.Message");
stderr.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
while (e.InnerException != null)
e = e.InnerException;
Console.WriteLine($"Inner exception: e.Message");
stderr.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
Console.WriteLine("END---------------------------------------------------");
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：中的错误 https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/46271 解决了。
问题出在/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf。
这 openssl.cnf 有效（检查文件末尾的 CipherString 和 CipherSuites）
#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#
# Note that you can include other files from the main configuration
# file using the .include directive.
#.include filename
# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME = .
openssl_conf = openssl_init
# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section = new_oids
# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions =
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
[ new_oids ]
# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=$testoid1.5.6
# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
dir = ./demoCA # Where everything is kept
certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept
database = $dir/index.txt # database index file.
#unique_subject = no # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
# several certs with same subject.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs.
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate
serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number
# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extensions to add to the cert
# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt = ca_default # Subject Name options
cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate field options
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy
# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions = crl_ext
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = default # use public key default MD
preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering
# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy = policy_match
# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extensions to add to the self signed cert
# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret
# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only
# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = AU
countryName_min = 2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Some-State
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd
organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default =
commonName = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_max = 64
emailAddress = Email Address
emailAddress_max = 64
# SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword = A challenge password
challengePassword_min = 4
challengePassword_max = 20
unstructuredName = An optional company name
[ usr_cert ]
# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA
# PKIX recommendation.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA
# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
[ crl_ext ]
# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
####################################################################
[ tsa ]
default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section
[ tsa_config1 ]
# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
dir = ./demoCA # TSA root directory
serial = $dir/tsaserial # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device = builtin # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem # The TSA signing certificate
# (optional)
certs = $dir/cacert.pem # Certificate chain to include in reply
# (optional)
signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
signer_digest = sha256 # Signing digest to use. (Optional)
default_policy = tsa_policy1 # Policy if request did not specify it
# (optional)
other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3 # acceptable policies (optional)
digests = sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512 # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100 # (optional)
clock_precision_digits = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering = yes # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
# (optional, default: no)
tsa_name = yes # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
# (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain = no # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
# (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_alg = sha1 # algorithm to compute certificate
# identifier (optional, default: sha1)
[openssl_init]
ssl_conf = ssl_config
[ssl_config]
system_default = tls_defaults
[tls_defaults]
CipherString = @SECLEVEL=2:kEECDH:kRSA:kEDH:kPSK:kDHEPSK:kECDHEPSK:-aDSS:-3DES:!DES:!RC4:!RC2:!IDEA:-SEED:!eNULL:!aNULL:!MD5:-SHA384:-CAMELLIA:-ARIA:-AESCCM8
Ciphersuites = TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256
MinProtocol = TLSv1.2
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：这是我在 .NET 5 中的代码，可在 Windows 和 Linux 机器上运行（通过 docker）：
我的解决方案基于 github 讨论：https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/22507
使用此代码，无需更改 Linux 机器上的配置设置。
// Windows OS throws PlatformNotSupportedException for explicit list of TlsCipherSuite
if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
services.AddHttpClient("WebsiteCheck"), configureClient =>
configureClient.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
);
else
services.AddHttpClient("WebsiteCheck"), configureClient =>
configureClient.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
).ConfigurePrimaryHttpMessageHandler(() =>
var allowedCipherSuites = Enum.GetValues<TlsCipherSuite>();
return new SocketsHttpHandler()
SslOptions = new()
CipherSuitesPolicy = new CipherSuitesPolicy(allowedCipherSuites)
;
);
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：.NET 5 尝试使用已（并且应该）禁用的 SSLv3。 （在 Debian 10 等中）
解决方案是在进行任何 https 调用之前添加此行：
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls | SecurityProtocolType.Tls11 | SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;
（别忘了删除/替换原帖中的ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.SystemDefault;）
无需更改或摆弄/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf、CipherString等。
【讨论】：
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