使用 .NET 4.5.2 从 C# 代码更改键盘布局
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【中文标题】使用 .NET 4.5.2 从 C# 代码更改键盘布局【英文标题】：Change keyboard layout from C# code with .NET 4.5.2 【发布时间】：2016-05-18 06:07:31 【问题描述】：我正在编写我的 SDL Trados Studio 插件。
插件的最后一部分需要一些 API 根本没有公开的自动化，所以我所拥有的（坚持一些事情）就是自动化默认的键盘快捷键。
我的代码非常适合英语键盘布局（还有匈牙利语！），但它当然不适用于希腊语、俄语等。
我一直在寻找解决方案，但直到现在我都无法找到它，不是在网络上也不是在 SO 上，例如这个帖子：Change keyboard layouts through code c#
我需要将键盘布局更改为英文，以便它可以使用正确的快捷键（和其他字符串）。然后我需要将其切换回以前的状态。我正在使用非常有限的 API，所以我只能使用 SendKeys。
这是工作代码：
//Save the document
SendKeys.SendWait("^s");
//Open files view
SendKeys.SendWait("%v");
SendKeys.SendWait("i");
SendKeys.SendWait("1");
Application.DoEvents();
//get url and credentials from a custom input form
string[] psw = UploadData.GetPassword(
Settings.GetValue("Upload", "Uri", ""),
Vars.wsUsername == null ? Settings.GetValue("Upload", "User", "") : Vars.wsUsername,
Vars.wsPassword == null ? "" : Vars.wsPassword
);
Application.DoEvents();
if (psw != null)
try
//start upload
SendKeys.SendWait("%h");
SendKeys.Send("r");
//select all files
SendKeys.Send("%a");
SendKeys.Send("%n");
//enter login url
SendKeys.Send("%l");
SendKeys.Send("TAB");
SendKeys.Send(psw[0]);
SendKeys.Send("TAB");
SendKeys.Send("ENTER");
//enter username
SendKeys.Send("%l");
SendKeys.Send("+END");
SendKeys.Send(psw[1]);
//enter credentials
SendKeys.Send("%p");
SendKeys.Send(SendEscape(psw[2]));
SendKeys.Send("ENTER");
//start upload
SendKeys.SendWait("%f");
catch (Exception)
MessageBox.Show("Cannot do automatic upload, please use the default method of Trados Studio.", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
finally
//switch back to editor view
SendKeys.SendWait("%vd");
所以我的问题是：
谁能帮我写一个代码来实际存储当前的键盘布局并切换到英文，然后在最后切换回来？
有没有更简单的解决方案？我试图查看本机方法，但它对我来说太高了，所以如果这是代替切换键盘布局的方法，我将非常感谢将我的代码转换为本机的任何帮助。有什么建议吗？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：切换键盘布局需要一些 P/Invoke；您至少需要以下 Windows 功能才能使其正常工作：LoadKeyboardLayout、GetKeyboardLayout 和 ActivateKeyboardLayout。以下导入声明对我有用...
[DllImport("user32.dll",
CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall,
CharSet = CharSet.Unicode,
EntryPoint = "LoadKeyboardLayout",
SetLastError = true,
ThrowOnUnmappableChar = false)]
static extern uint LoadKeyboardLayout(
StringBuilder pwszKLID,
uint flags);
[DllImport("user32.dll",
CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall,
CharSet = CharSet.Unicode,
EntryPoint = "GetKeyboardLayout",
SetLastError = true,
ThrowOnUnmappableChar = false)]
static extern uint GetKeyboardLayout(
uint idThread);
[DllImport("user32.dll",
CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall,
CharSet = CharSet.Unicode,
EntryPoint = "ActivateKeyboardLayout",
SetLastError = true,
ThrowOnUnmappableChar = false)]
static extern uint ActivateKeyboardLayout(
uint hkl,
uint Flags);
static class KeyboardLayoutFlags
public const uint KLF_ACTIVATE = 0x00000001;
public const uint KLF_SETFORPROCESS = 0x00000100;
每当我必须使用本机 API 方法时，我都会尝试将它们封装在一个类中，从而将它们的声明隐藏在项目代码库的其余部分中。所以，我想出了一个名为KeyboardLayout的类；该类可以通过给定的CultureInfo 加载和激活布局，这很方便......
internal sealed class KeyboardLayout
...
private readonly uint hkl;
private KeyboardLayout(CultureInfo cultureInfo)
string layoutName = cultureInfo.LCID.ToString("x8");
var pwszKlid = new StringBuilder(layoutName);
this.hkl = LoadKeyboardLayout(pwszKlid, KeyboardLayoutFlags.KLF_ACTIVATE);
private KeyboardLayout(uint hkl)
this.hkl = hkl;
public uint Handle
get
return this.hkl;
public static KeyboardLayout GetCurrent()
uint hkl = GetKeyboardLayout((uint)Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
return new KeyboardLayout(hkl);
public static KeyboardLayout Load(CultureInfo culture)
return new KeyboardLayout(culture);
public void Activate()
ActivateKeyboardLayout(this.hkl, KeyboardLayoutFlags.KLF_SETFORPROCESS);
如果您只需要让布局在短时间内处于活动状态 - 并且您希望确保在完成后正确恢复布局，您可以使用IDiposable 接口编写某种范围类型。比如……
class KeyboardLayoutScope : IDiposable
private readonly KeyboardLayout currentLayout;
public KeyboardLayoutScope(CultureInfo culture)
this.currentLayout = KeyboardLayout.GetCurrent();
var layout = KeyboardLayout.Load(culture);
layout.Activate();
public void Dispose()
this.currentLayout.Activate();
比你可以这样使用它......
const int English = 1033;
using (new KeyboardLayoutScope(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(English))
// the layout will be valid within this using-block
您应该知道，在较新版本的 Windows 中（从 Windows 8 开始），键盘布局不能再为某个进程设置，而是为整个系统全局设置 - 布局也可以由其他应用程序更改，或由用户（使用 Win + Spacebar 快捷方式）。
我还建议不要使用SendKeys（或其本机对应物SendInput），因为它模拟键盘输入，将路由到活动/聚焦窗口。改用SendMessage 函数是合适的，但您可能希望将其与可以正确确定目标窗口的功能结合起来；但解释这种技术将超出本问答的范围。这里的答案说明了一个可能的解决方案：How to send keystrokes to a window?
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：更改类@Matze，
internal class KeyboardLayoutScope : IDisposable, IKeyboardLayoutScope
private readonly KeyboardLayout currentLayout;
public KeyboardLayoutScope()
public KeyboardLayoutScope(CultureInfo culture)
currentLayout = KeyboardLayout.GetCurrent();
KeyboardLayout.Load(culture).Activate();
public KeyboardLayoutScope(KeyboardLayout currentLayout) => this.currentLayout = currentLayout;
public void Dispose() => currentLayout.Activate();
internal interface IKeyboardLayoutScope
void Dispose();
其他类
internal sealed class KeyboardLayout
private readonly uint hkl;
private KeyboardLayout(CultureInfo cultureInfo) => hkl = NativeMethods.LoadKeyboardLayout(new StringBuilder(cultureInfo.LCID.ToString("x8")), KeyboardLayoutFlags.KLF_ACTIVATE);
private KeyboardLayout(uint hkl) => this.hkl = hkl;
public uint Handle => hkl;
public static KeyboardLayout GetCurrent() => new KeyboardLayout(NativeMethods.GetKeyboardLayout((uint)Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId));
public static KeyboardLayout Load(CultureInfo culture) => new KeyboardLayout(culture);
public void Activate() => NativeMethods.ActivateKeyboardLayout(hkl, KeyboardLayoutFlags.KLF_SETFORPROCESS);
【讨论】：
NativeMethods.LoadKeyboardLayout 在哪里？【参考方案3】：试试这个：
public void switch_keyboard(string lang)
string keyboard_lang = InputLanguage.CurrentInputLanguage.Culture.TwoLetterISOLanguageName;
if (keyboard_lang != lang)
int en_index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < System.Windows.Forms.InputLanguage.InstalledInputLanguages.Count - 1; i++)
try
if (System.Windows.Forms.InputLanguage.InstalledInputLanguages[i].Culture.TwoLetterISOLanguageName == lang)
en_index = i; break;
catch break;
if (en_index != -1)
InputLanguage.CurrentInputLanguage = System.Windows.Forms.InputLanguage.InstalledInputLanguages[en_index];
【讨论】：
用法：switch_keyboard("en")【参考方案4】：通过c#代码改变键盘布局：
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Windows.Forms;
...
public static void Switch_keyboard(string lang)
CultureInfo cultureInfo = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(lang);
InputLanguage inputLanguage = InputLanguage.FromCulture(cultureInfo);
InputLanguage.CurrentInputLanguage = inputLanguage;
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
var list = InputLanguage.InstalledInputLanguages.Cast<InputLanguage>().Select(c => c.Culture.Name).ToList();
Switch_keyboard(list[0]); // "ru-RU" or "ru-BY" ...
【讨论】：
【参考方案5】：在 4.6.1 中，此处发布的所有方法都无法正常工作> 我得到了解决方案：
// set keyboard layout
LoadKeyboardLayout("en-EN", 0x00000100);
// methods
[DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr GetKeyboardLayout(uint thread);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern long LoadKeyboardLayout(
string pwszKLID, // input locale identifier
uint Flags // input locale identifier options
);
public static CultureInfo GetCurrentKeyboardLayout()
try
int keyboardLayout = GetKeyboardLayout(0).ToInt32() & 0xFFFF;
return new CultureInfo(keyboardLayout);
catch
return new CultureInfo(1033); // Assume English if something went wrong.
【讨论】：
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