电子邮件：MIME，用附件多部分发送？
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【中文标题】电子邮件：MIME，用附件多部分发送？【英文标题】：Email:MIME, sending in multipart with attachment? 【发布时间】：2020-06-30 18:59:45 【问题描述】：这让我发疯了。我一定错过了一些愚蠢的东西。我有以下子：
sub send_email
use MIME::Lite;
use MIME::Base64;
use Encode;
my $to = 'support@foobar.co.uk'; #$rec'Email';
my $from = $admin_email;
my $subject = "webform $html_title";
my $html = "some test <b>message</b> foo bar test";
my $text = "some test message some plain version";
# $html = decode( 'utf-8', $html );
# $text = decode( 'utf-8', $text );
my ($status,$attach,$newfile);
use Email::MIME;
use Email::Address::XS;
use Email::Sender::Simple qw(sendmail);
use IO::All;
use GT::MIMETypes;
# multipart message
my @alternative_parts = (
Email::MIME->create(
body_str => $text,
attributes =>
encoding => 'quoted-printable',
content_type => "text/plain",
disposition => "inline",
charset => "UTF-8",
),
Email::MIME->create(
body_str => $html,
attributes =>
encoding => 'quoted-printable',
charset => "UTF-8",
content_type => "text/html",
disposition => "inline",
)
);
my @attachment_parts;
my $attach = "/path/to/file/tables.cgi";
if ($attach)
my $filename = (reverse split /\//, $attach)[0]; # also change
+d in body => below
my $content;
my $mime = GT::MIMETypes::guess_type($filename);
push @parts, Email::MIME->create(
attributes =>
filename => $filename,
content_type => $mime,
encoding => "base64",
name => $filename,
attachment => "attachment"
,
body => io( $attach )->binary->all,
)
my $email = Email::MIME->create(
header_str => [
From => $from,
To => [ $to ],
Subject => $subject
],
parts => \@parts,
attributes =>
encoding => 'base64',
charset => "UTF-8",
content_type => "multipart/multipart",
#disposition => "inline",
);
sendmail($email->as_string);
print "EMAIL: " . $email->as_string. "\n\n"; # print for andy
它需要做的是包含电子邮件的纯文本和 HTML 正文。然后，还附加了一个文件（一个 .cgi 仅用于测试:)）。
虽然电子邮件在 Gmail 上可以正常发送，但在 Outlook/Thunderbird 上却很糟糕。我有一种感觉，我正在分解“部分”。据我了解，您需要一个“主要”正文部分，可以将其拆分为纯文本和 HTML 版本-然后将附件作为主要“部分”的另一部分。我不太确定如何实现这一目标？
“debug_structure”就是这样出来的：
Structure: + multipart/multipart; boundary="15846317930.c94ff7.26547"
+ text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
+ text/html; charset="UTF-8"
+ text/plain; attachment="attachment"; name="tables.cgi"
更新：按照建议，我现在正在尝试嵌套部分：
# multipart message
my @message_parts = (
Email::MIME->create(
body_str => $text,
attributes =>
encoding => 'quoted-printable',
content_type => "text/plain",
disposition => "inline",
charset => "UTF-8",
),
Email::MIME->create(
body_str => $html,
attributes =>
encoding => 'quoted-printable',
charset => "UTF-8",
content_type => "text/html",
disposition => "inline",
)
);
my @all_parts;
push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
parts => [\@message_parts], # add all the message parts into here...
attributes =>
content_type => "multipart/alternative"
);
my $attach = "/home/user/web/public_html/cgi-bin/admin/tables.cgi";
if ($attach)
my $filename = (reverse split /\//, $attach)[0]; # also changed in body => below
# better to use GT::MIMETypes if you have it with Fileman (pretty sure you do?)
my $mime = GT::MIMETypes::guess_type($filename);
push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
attributes =>
filename => $filename,
content_type => $mime,
encoding => "base64",
name => $filename
,
body => io( $attach )->binary->all,
)
my $email = Email::MIME->create(
header_str => [
From => $from,
To => [ $to ],
Subject => $subject
],
parts => [\@all_parts],
attributes =>
encoding => 'base64',
content_type => "multipart/mixed"
);
print qq|Structure: | . $email->debug_structure. "\n\n";
但我得到一个错误：
无法在 unblessed 引用上调用方法“as_string” /usr/local/share/perl/5.22.1/Email/MIME.pm 第 771 行。
第 771 行在 Email::MIME 中的 parts_set 中 - 所以我一定是做错了什么设置？
更新 2：感谢 Steffen 的帮助！所以这是最终的工作代码，具有正确的结构：
use Email::MIME;
use Email::Address::XS;
use Email::Sender::Simple qw(sendmail);
use IO::All;
use GT::MIMETypes;
my $to = 'support@foo.co.uk'; #$rec'Email';
my $from = $admin_email;
my $subject = "some title";
my $html = "some test <b>message</b> foo bar test";
my $text = "some test message some plain version";
$html = decode( 'utf-8', $html );
$text = decode( 'utf-8', $text );
# multipart message
my @message_parts = (
Email::MIME->create(
body_str => $text,
attributes =>
encoding => 'quoted-printable',
content_type => "text/plain",
disposition => "inline",
charset => "UTF-8",
),
Email::MIME->create(
body_str => $html,
attributes =>
encoding => 'quoted-printable',
charset => "UTF-8",
content_type => "text/html",
disposition => "inline",
)
);
my @all_parts;
push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
parts => \@message_parts, # add all the message parts into here...
attributes =>
content_type => "multipart/alternative"
);
my $attach = "/home/user/web/foo.co.uk/public_html/cgi-bin/admin/tables.cgi";
if ($attach)
my $filename = (reverse split /\//, $attach)[0]; # also changed in body => below
# better to use GT::MIMETypes if you have it with Fileman (pretty sure you do?)
my $mime = "plain/text"; # hard coded in this example, but you want to set the correct type for the attachment type
push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
attributes =>
filename => $filename,
content_type => $mime,
encoding => "base64",
name => $filename
,
body => io( $attach )->binary->all,
)
my $email = Email::MIME->create(
header_str => [
From => $from,
To => [ $to ],
Subject => $subject
],
parts => \@all_parts,
attributes =>
encoding => 'base64',
content_type => "multipart/mixed"
);
print qq|Structure: | . $email->debug_structure. "\n\n";
sendmail($email->as_string);
结构现在正确显示为：
Structure: + multipart/mixed; boundary="15846944601.d6aF.12245"
+ multipart/alternative; boundary="15846944600.d79D2A2.12245"
+ text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
+ text/html; charset="UTF-8"
+ text/plain; name="tables.cgi"
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：没有您使用的 multipart/multipart 这样的东西。您的邮件应具有以下结构：
multipart/mixed
|- multipart/alternative << mail client will choose which of the parts to display
| | text/plain << the mail as plain text
| | text/html << the mail as HTML
|- text/plain << the attachment
对于附件，选择更匹配附件类型的content-type 可能会很有用。如果附件实际上是纯文本，那么text/plain 可能没问题，但如果它是图像、办公文档、存档......应该使用不同的content-type。
除此之外，encoding、charset 和 disposition 在多部分定义中都没有任何意义。这些仅与最终部件（text/plain 等）相关，与容器部件无关（multipart/whatever）
attributes =>
encoding => 'base64',
charset => "UTF-8",
content_type => "multipart/multipart",
#disposition => "inline",
【讨论】：
谢谢 - 不知道 multipart/multipart 是怎么进来的 :) 一定是盯着代码太久了！我仍在试图弄清楚如何使用Email::MIME 获得所需的结构。它允许您传入parts => [\@array_of_parts]，但我看不到您如何处理子部分（即文本/html 版本）。我会继续玩
@AndrewNewby：您目前已经使用Email::MIME->create 创建单个部件并基于这些部件创建多部件。这也可以嵌套完成，即新的多部分中的多部分。
aaah 是的 - 我没有意识到我也可以在其中使用“零件”位。我会试一试:)
@AndrewNewby：它不应该是parts => [\@message_parts],，而是parts => \@message_parts,，即只是一个数组引用，而不是一个包含数组引用的数组。
啊哈，伙计——我不敢相信有那么愚蠢！有趣的是，文档有（metacpan.org/pod/Email::MIME）Email::MIME->create( parts => [ @parts ] ) - 那一定是我从那里得到 [] 位的 - 呃！它现在可以完美导出 - 非常感谢 :)以上是关于电子邮件：MIME，用附件多部分发送？的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章