Android 蓝牙发现 API 不适用于 Android 6.0
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【中文标题】Android 蓝牙发现 API 不适用于 Android 6.0【英文标题】：Android Bluetooth Discovery API Isn't Working on Android 6.0 【发布时间】：2017-01-07 13:06:29 【问题描述】：我做了一个应用程序，发现附近的蓝牙设备等。我可以得到蓝牙适配器，打开关闭进程，获取配对设备，发现进程。一切正常，但发现过程无法正常工作。
我在 5 种不同的真实设备上测试了我的应用。目前我意识到我的 android 版本有问题，但我不确定。
我的应用的发现过程正在进行中，
华为P7-安卓版本：4.4.2 Sony Xperia Z - Android 版本：5.1.1 三星 Galaxy J3 - Android 版本：5.1.1我的应用的发现过程不正常，
三星 Galaxy S7 - Android 版本：6.0.1 三星 Galaxy J7 - Android 版本：6.0.1MainActivity.java
package com.sphinxlike.bluetoothexample;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import static java.lang.System.out;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener
/* DECLERATIONS */
// Button
Button openBtn = null; // Open button
Button closeBtn = null; // Close button
Button listBtn = null; // Paired devices list button
Button searchBtn = null; // Discovery new devices button
// Bluetooth
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null; // Local bluetooth adapter variable
private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1; // Bluetooth open intent variable
String mDeviceName = null;
String mDeviceAddress = null;
public static String EXTRA_ADDRESS = "device_address";
// XML
TextView tvDeviceName = null; // To show local bluetooth device's name
TextView tvBluetoothState = null; // To show bluetooth state
ListView lvDeviceList = null; // To list paired devices or discovered devices
// Set, List, Array Adapter
private Set<BluetoothDevice> mPairedDevicesSet = null; // Paired devices Set
private Set<BluetoothDevice> mNewDevicesSet = null; // New devices Set
ArrayAdapter mPairedDevicesAdapter = null; // Paired devices array adapter
ArrayAdapter mNewDevicesAdapter = null; // New devices array adapter
ArrayList bluetoothDeviceList = null; // Listing bluetooth devices
private ArrayList<BluetoothDevice> btDeviceList = new ArrayList<BluetoothDevice>();
// Bluetooth State Updater
private Handler mHandler; // Loop in UI
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Initializes UI elements
tvDeviceName = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.deviceName);
tvBluetoothState = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.bluetoothState);
openBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.openBluetooth);
closeBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.closeBluetooth);
listBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.listBluetooth);
searchBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.searchBluetooth);
lvDeviceList = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.deviceList);
// Bluetooth adapter
mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
// Button checks
openBtn.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
closeBtn.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
listBtn.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
searchBtn.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
// To update bluetooth state text view
tvBluetoothState.setText(String.valueOf(mBluetoothAdapter.getState()));
// If the phone does not support bluetooth adapter
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null)
tvBluetoothState.setText("Your phone has not Bluetooth Adapter");
openBtn.setEnabled(false);
closeBtn.setEnabled(false);
listBtn.setEnabled(false);
searchBtn.setEnabled(false);
// Updater loop
mHandler = new Handler();
mHandler.post(mUpdate);
// Updater Loop
private Runnable mUpdate = new Runnable()
public void run()
getBluetoothState();
mHandler.postDelayed(this, 500);
;
// Button onClick method
public void onClick(View v)
switch (v.getId())
case R.id.openBluetooth:
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
Intent bluetoothAcIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(bluetoothAcIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
else
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Bluetooth is already open", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.closeBluetooth:
if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
mBluetoothAdapter.disable();
else
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Bluetooth is already close", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.listBluetooth:
pairedDevicesList();
break;
case R.id.searchBluetooth:
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, filter);
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
break;
;
@Override
public void onDestroy()
unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver);
super.onDestroy();
private final BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
String action = intent.getAction();
// Whenever a remote Bluetooth device is found
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action))
// Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// lvDeviceList.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesAdapter); // Set list view elements with adapter elements
;
// Show bluetooth state on UI
public void getBluetoothState()
tvDeviceName.setText("Device Name: " + mBluetoothAdapter.getName());
switch(mBluetoothAdapter.getState()) // Set bluetooth state text view
case 10: // STATE_OFF
tvBluetoothState.setText("Bluetooth is closed");
bluetoothDeviceList = new ArrayList(); // Initialize global array list variable that is declared
mPairedDevicesAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, bluetoothDeviceList); // Get array list and use in array adapter
lvDeviceList.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesAdapter); // Set list view elements with adapter elements
break;
case 11: // STATE_TURNING_ON
tvBluetoothState.setText("Bluetooth is opening");
break;
case 12: // STATE_ON
tvBluetoothState.setText("Bluetooth is opened");
break;
case 13: // STATE_TURNING_OFF
tvBluetoothState.setText("Bluetooth is closing");
break;
// If bluetooth adapter -> Set buttons
if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
// Enable listing button
listBtn.setEnabled(true);
searchBtn.setEnabled(true);
else
// Disable listing button
listBtn.setEnabled(false);
searchBtn.setEnabled(false);
// Get paired device list and adapt to list view
public void pairedDevicesList()
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Open the Bluetooth", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
else
mPairedDevicesSet = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); // Get paired devices
bluetoothDeviceList = new ArrayList(); // Initialize global array list variable that is declared
if (mPairedDevicesSet.size()>0)
for (BluetoothDevice bt : mPairedDevicesSet) // for-each loop
mDeviceName = bt.getName();
mDeviceAddress = bt.getAddress();
bluetoothDeviceList.add(mDeviceName + "\n" + mDeviceAddress); // get the device name and add to array list object
else if (mPairedDevicesSet.size()<=0)
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "No paired devices", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
mPairedDevicesAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, bluetoothDeviceList); // Get array list and use in array adapter
lvDeviceList.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesAdapter); // Set list view elements with adapter elements
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_
android:layout_
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.sphinxlike.bluetoothexample.MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:layout_
android:layout_
android:hint="Device Name"
android:id="@+id/deviceName"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_
android:layout_
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp">
<Button
android:layout_
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_
android:id="@+id/openBluetooth"
android:text="B. Open"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"/>
<Button
android:layout_
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_
android:id="@+id/closeBluetooth"
android:text="B. Close"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"/>
<Button
android:layout_
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_
android:id="@+id/listBluetooth"
android:text="List Paired"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"/>
<Button
android:layout_
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_
android:id="@+id/searchBluetooth"
android:text="Search"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:layout_
android:layout_
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:hint="Bluetooth State"
android:id="@+id/bluetoothState"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"/>
<ListView
android:layout_
android:layout_
android:id="@+id/deviceList">
</ListView>
</LinearLayout>
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：首先，感谢@Tomasz Czura。我解决了多个运行时权限请求的问题。 Android Developer 6.0 Changes页面说：
要通过蓝牙和 Wi-Fi 扫描访问附近外部设备的硬件标识符，您的应用现在必须具有 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 或 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 权限：
所以，我为 AndroidManifest.XML 添加了权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
然后我像这样重新安排我的活动：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
...
int ACTION_REQUEST_MULTIPLE_PERMISSION = 1; // Any number
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
...
int pCheck = this.checkSelfPermission("Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION");
pCheck += this.checkSelfPermission("Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION");
pCheck += this.checkSelfPermission("Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN");
pCheck += this.checkSelfPermission("Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH");
if (pCheck != 0)
this.requestPermissions(new String[]Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH, ACTION_REQUEST_MULTIPLE_PERMISSION);
成功了。
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：在 Android 6.0 中，您必须在运行时请求蓝牙权限 -
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(..)
【讨论】：
但是我可以打开关闭蓝牙，获取蓝牙适配器并获取配对设备。他们不需要运行时许可吗？发现 api 是否需要运行时权限？ 尝试请求位置权限android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
您有任何错误吗？你的日志中有什么？
我在 OnCreate() 方法的底部使用了代码，try ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH,Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); catch RuntimeException e) Log.e("Error on runtime request: ", e.getMessage());以上是关于Android 蓝牙发现 API 不适用于 Android 6.0的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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