pip install py-find-1st 在 ubuntu20 和 centos 上使用 python3.9 失败
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【中文标题】pip install py-find-1st 在 ubuntu20 和 centos 上使用 python3.9 失败【英文标题】：pip install py-find-1st fails on ubuntu20 & centos with python3.9 【发布时间】：2021-09-25 19:58:36 【问题描述】：这是我的过程。
我在 ubuntu20 上启动一个新的 aws t2.micro ec2 并运行这个脚本
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install python3.9
sudo apt-get install python3.9-venv
curl --silent --show-error --retry 5 https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py > get-pip.py
python3.9 get-pip.py
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip
python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade wheel
python3.9 -m pip install testresources
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libffi-dev wget liblzma-dev lzma
sudo apt-get install python3-devel
python3.9 -m pip install p5py
python3.9 -m pip install PEP517
python3.9 -m pip install py-find-1st
最后一行是问题
我得到了这个输出（错误在底部，我包含了更多输出以防它有帮助，不得不稍微修剪输出）
Preparing to unpack .../python3.9-venv_3.9.5-3~20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.9-venv (3.9.5-3~20.04.1) ...
Setting up python-pip-whl (20.0.2-5ubuntu1.5) ...
Setting up python3.9-venv (3.9.5-3~20.04.1) ...
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting pip
Downloading pip-21.1.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 5.0 MB/s
Collecting wheel
Downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Installing collected packages: wheel, pip
WARNING: The script wheel is installed in '/home/ubuntu/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.
Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
WARNING: The scripts pip, pip3 and pip3.9 are installed in '/home/ubuntu/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.
Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-21.1.3 wheel-0.36.2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'python-dev-is-python2' instead of 'python-dev'
The following additional packages will be installed:
libexpat1-dev libpython2-dev libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev libpython2.7-minimal
libpython2.7-stdlib python-is-python2 python2 python2-dev python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-dev
python2.7-minimal
Suggested packages:
python2-doc python-tk python2.7-doc binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libexpat1-dev libpython2-dev libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev libpython2.7-minimal
libpython2.7-stdlib python-dev-is-python2 python-is-python2 python2 python2-dev python2-minimal python2.7
python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal
0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 78 not upgraded.
Need to get 7744 kB of archives.
After this operation, 35.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
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Setting up libpython2-dev:amd64 (2.7.17-2ubuntu4) ...
Setting up python-is-python2 (2.7.17-4) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.18-1~20.04.1) ...
Setting up python2-dev (2.7.17-2ubuntu4) ...
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Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libpython3-dev libpython3.8 libpython3.8-dev libpython3.8-minimal libpython3.8-stdlib python3.8 python3.8-dev
python3.8-minimal zlib1g-dev
Suggested packages:
python3.8-venv python3.8-doc binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev python3-dev python3.8-dev zlib1g-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpython3.8 libpython3.8-minimal libpython3.8-stdlib python3.8 python3.8-minimal
5 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 73 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 21.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Get:1 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 python3.8 amd64 3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 [387 kB]
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Setting up python3-dev (3.8.2-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (21.1.3)
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (21.1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (45.2.0)
Collecting setuptools
Downloading setuptools-57.4.0-py3-none-any.whl (819 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 819 kB 5.0 MB/s
Installing collected packages: setuptools
ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.
launchpadlib 1.10.13 requires testresources, which is not installed.
Successfully installed setuptools-57.4.0
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: wheel in ./.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (0.36.2)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-9 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libstdc++-9-dev make
Suggested packages:
debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-9-multilib gcc-9-doc bzr libstdc++-9-doc make-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-9 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl
libalgorithm-merge-perl libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libstdc++-9-dev make
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 73 not upgraded.
Need to get 11.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 52.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Created wheel for p5py: filename=p5py-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl size=2333 sha256=e7417e00f0c9701b6889208ba42a352140b10d38748267029e0b3f5adb557857
Stored in directory: /home/ubuntu/.cache/pip/wheels/72/c3/3e/d2e21f7f687d90134f4774eee0b36f1b3303ef35d4ebf832c7
Successfully built p5py
Installing collected packages: p5py
Successfully installed p5py-1.0.0
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting PEP517
Downloading pep517-0.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting tomli
Downloading tomli-1.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Installing collected packages: tomli, PEP517
Successfully installed PEP517-0.11.0 tomli-1.0.4
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting py-find-1st
Downloading py_find_1st-1.1.5.tar.gz (8.8 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Collecting numpy>=1.13.0
Downloading numpy-1.21.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (15.8 MB)
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Building wheels for collected packages: py-find-1st
Building wheel for py-find-1st (PEP 517) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/bin/python3.9 /home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmp47_3kk6k
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-pvu0gblm/py-find-1st_36eb63373254485b8448e2b46d13c71f
Complete output (20 lines):
/tmp/pip-build-env-qm53q7xb/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:697: UserWarning: Usage of dash-separated 'description-file' will not be supported in future versions. Please use the underscore name 'description_file' instead
warnings.warn(
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/utils_find_1st
copying utils_find_1st/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/utils_find_1st
running build_ext
check for clang compiler ... no
building 'find_1st' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/utils_find_1st
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DNPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=NPY_1_13_API_VERSION -I/tmp/pip-build-env-qm53q7xb/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.9 -c utils_find_1st/find_1st.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/utils_find_1st/find_1st.o
utils_find_1st/find_1st.cpp:3:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
3 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit code 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for py-find-1st
Failed to build py-find-1st
ERROR: Could not build wheels for py-find-1st which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly如果您想重现错误，可以启动一个运行 ubuntu20 的 t2.micro ec2 并运行上面列出的脚本
【问题讨论】：
也许尝试先安装python3-dev 和sudo apt-get install python3-dev。
@PApostol 这在我尝试过的命令列表中，但它是 apt 而不是 apt-get
你检查过bugtracker吗？这听起来更像是一个错误而不是一个编程问题。无论如何，丢失的文件实际上是丢失还是存在？你安装了哪个版本的python3-dev？
【参考方案1】：
这似乎是您尝试安装的模块而不是标头本身的问题。 py-find-1st 是一个相当奇特的模块（撰写本文时在 GitHub 上有 9 颗星），此类构建问题一直是 already reported。
解决方案：
安装libpython3.9
sudo apt install libpython3.9-dev
编辑：此解决方案有效，OP 缺少 libpython3.9-dev 中的 include/python3.9/Python.h 标头。
忘记那个模块
该模块实现了一个“查找第一个索引而不需要读取完整数组”的功能，该功能（部分）可以实现为：
def find_1st(X):
ind = np.flatnonzero(X < 0.)
if len(ind) :
return ind[0]
else:
return -1
问题是，这会读取完整的数组。如果数组太大，可以考虑循环运行。
【讨论】：
效率对我来说很可能真的很重要，该模块的贡献者之一是我正在研究的另一个开源存储库的主要维护者，我猜他会实现这个解决方案，如果它是可行的。不过我会试试sudo apt install libpython3.9-dev
我还详细说明了我的问题作为对该问题的评论
所以sudo apt-get install libpython3.9-dev 工作了。我在这方面的知识有限，所以我想知道您认为这可能是一个解决方案吗？
@Sam 很高兴听到这个消息！ libpython3.9-dev 具有头文件、静态库和用于构建 Python 模块的开发工具。编译器正在寻找 include/python3.9/Python.h，但找不到它 - 因此出现错误。【参考方案2】：
为了让它在 CentO 上运行，因为这篇文章一直出现在我所有的谷歌搜索结果中。
希望这将帮助其他人安装这个烦人的库！
sudo yum install gcc
sudo yum install gcc-c++
【讨论】：
只是好奇，你安装这个库是为了使用freqtrade吗？
@Sam 是正确的，在上述修复后运行了一段时间，看看它是如何工作的，但不再使用它。
我还必须安装 python39-devel 才能使其正常工作，但我只使用 Redhat 而不是 CentOS。我还制作了updates to freqtrades setup script，以便该脚本适用于 Rhel 操作系统以上是关于pip install py-find-1st 在 ubuntu20 和 centos 上使用 python3.9 失败的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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