Dart 错误：不是有效的覆盖，不要覆盖字段

Posted 2023-03-07

【中文标题】Dart 错误：不是有效的覆盖，不要覆盖字段

【英文标题】：Dart error: Not a valid override, don't override fields

【发布时间】：2021-12-28 14:31:25

【问题描述】：

在我的 Flutter 应用程序中，我有很多不同的控制器在做类似或相同的事情。所以我想我可以创建一个主控制器并将所有其他控制器扩展到这个主控制器，这将为我节省大量重复代码。像这样的：

abstract class Vehicle 
  final int seats;
  const Vehicle(required this.seats);


class Car extends Vehicle 
  final Color color;
  Car(required int seats, required this.color) : super(seats: seats);


class Bus extends Vehicle 
  Bus(required int seats) : super(seats: seats);


/*-------*/

abstract class VehicleController extends GetxController 
  Rx<Vehicle> vehicle = Bus(seats: 0).obs;

  void loadVehicle(Vehicle newVehicle) 

  void printSeats() => print(vehicle.value.seats.toString());


class CarController extends VehicleController 
  @override
  Rx<Car> vehicle = Car(seats: 4, color: Colors.red).obs; // Error: not a valid override, Error: don't override fields.

  @override
  void loadVehicle(Car newVehicle)  // Error: not a valid override
    print(newVehicle.color);
  

  void doSomeThingThatVehicleControllerCantDo() 
    print(vehicle.value.color);
  


class BusController extends VehicleController 
  @override
  Rx<Bus> vehicle = Bus(seats: 50).obs; // Error: not a valid override, Error: don't override fields.


/*-------*/

void main() 
  CarController().printSeats();
  BusController().printSeats();
  CarController().doSomeThingThatVehicleControllerCantDo();

但是 Dart 不允许我覆盖一个字段，也不允许我用不同的对象覆盖 - 即使它扩展了它想要的对象。 有没有办法做到这一点？ （对不起，我不是经验丰富的程序员）

【问题讨论】：

该消息似乎非常具有描述性，您是否尝试删除覆盖？

【参考方案1】：

首先，使用构造函数来初始化字段而不是覆盖。 其次，使用像下面这样的通用模板来简化代码。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:get/get.dart';

abstract class Vehicle 
  final int seats;

  const Vehicle(required this.seats);


class Car extends Vehicle 
  final Color color;

  Car(required int seats, required this.color) : super(seats: seats);


class Bus extends Vehicle 
  Bus(required int seats) : super(seats: seats);


/*-------*/

abstract class VehicleController<T extends Vehicle> extends GetxController 
  Rx<Vehicle> _vehicle;

  Rx<T> get vehicle => _vehicle as Rx<T>;

  VehicleController(Rx<Vehicle>? vehicle) : _vehicle = vehicle ?? Bus(seats: 0).obs;

  void loadVehicle(Vehicle newVehicle) 

  void printSeats() => print(vehicle.value.seats.toString());


class CarController extends VehicleController<Car> 
  CarController() : super(vehicle: Car(seats: 4, color: Colors.red).obs);
  
  @override
  void loadVehicle(Vehicle newVehicle) 
    if (newVehicle is Car) 
      print(newVehicle.color);
    
  

  void doSomeThingThatVehicleControllerCantDo() 
    print(vehicle.value.color);
  


class BusController extends VehicleController<Bus> 
  BusController() : super(vehicle: Bus(seats: 50).obs);


/*-------*/

void main() 
  CarController().printSeats();
  BusController().printSeats();
  CarController().doSomeThingThatVehicleControllerCantDo();