PyQt:QScrollArea 内小部件的环绕式布局
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【中文标题】PyQt:QScrollArea 内小部件的环绕式布局【英文标题】:PyQt: wrap-around layout of widgets inside a QScrollArea 【发布时间】:2017-05-28 01:01:53 【问题描述】:我正在开发一个使用 PyQt4 记忆文本的应用程序。我想在气泡中显示所有单词,以便您查看单词的长度。但是当我的QScrollArea
中有所有气泡时,它们会一个接一个地对齐。我想让它们并排对齐,但使用自动换行。
我使用带有圆形边框的QLabel
让气泡起作用。但是现在我有了QLabel's
中的单词,PyQt 不会将它们视为单词 - 而是视为小部件。因此 PyQt 将一个小部件放在另一个小部件之下。我希望小部件并排对齐,直到它们到达行尾,然后它们应该环绕到下一行 - 这意味着 QLabel's
应该像文本文档中的单词一样。
到目前为止,这是我的代码:
f = open(r'myFile.txt')
class Bubble(QtGui.QLabel):
def __init__(self, text):
super(Bubble, self).__init__(text)
self.word = text
self.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
def paintEvent(self, e):
p = QtGui.QPainter(self)
p.setRenderHint(QtGui.QPainter.Antialiasing,True)
p.drawRoundedRect(0,0,self.width()-1,self.height()-1,5,5)
super(Bubble, self).paintEvent(e)
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, text, parent=None):
QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
self.setupUi(self)
self.MainArea = QtGui.QScrollArea
self.widget = QtGui.QWidget()
vbox = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
self.words = []
for t in re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', text):
label = Bubble(t)
label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SblHebrew', 18))
label.setFixedWidth(label.sizeHint().width())
self.words.append(label)
vbox.addWidget(label)
self.widget.setLayout(vbox)
self.MainArea.setWidget(self.widget)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
myWindow = MainWindow(f.read(), None)
myWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
当我运行它时,我得到:
但我希望单词(包含单词的Qlabel's
)彼此相邻,而不是彼此下方,就像这样(photoshopped):
我一直在进行大量研究,但没有任何答案可以帮助我将小部件彼此对齐。
【问题讨论】:
你为什么不用html? 请解释您的问题 @ekhumoro,我正在编写一个计算机应用程序。网页不是html吗?另外,我还在学习html。 @eyllanesc,我已经在编辑中更好地解释了这个问题。 @CheynShmuel 您可以显示您想要的结果的图像。另外,PyQt 支持用于桌面应用程序的 HTML。 【参考方案1】:这是一个 PyQt5 版本的 Flow Layout 演示脚本:
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class FlowLayout(QtWidgets.QLayout):
def __init__(self, parent=None, margin=-1, hspacing=-1, vspacing=-1):
super(FlowLayout, self).__init__(parent)
self._hspacing = hspacing
self._vspacing = vspacing
self._items = []
self.setContentsMargins(margin, margin, margin, margin)
def __del__(self):
del self._items[:]
def addItem(self, item):
self._items.append(item)
def horizontalSpacing(self):
if self._hspacing >= 0:
return self._hspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtWidgets.QStyle.PM_LayoutHorizontalSpacing)
def verticalSpacing(self):
if self._vspacing >= 0:
return self._vspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtWidgets.QStyle.PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing)
def count(self):
return len(self._items)
def itemAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items[index]
def takeAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items.pop(index)
def expandingDirections(self):
return QtCore.Qt.Orientations(0)
def hasHeightForWidth(self):
return True
def heightForWidth(self, width):
return self.doLayout(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, width, 0), True)
def setGeometry(self, rect):
super(FlowLayout, self).setGeometry(rect)
self.doLayout(rect, False)
def sizeHint(self):
return self.minimumSize()
def minimumSize(self):
size = QtCore.QSize()
for item in self._items:
size = size.expandedTo(item.minimumSize())
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
size += QtCore.QSize(left + right, top + bottom)
return size
def doLayout(self, rect, testonly):
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
effective = rect.adjusted(+left, +top, -right, -bottom)
x = effective.x()
y = effective.y()
lineheight = 0
for item in self._items:
widget = item.widget()
hspace = self.horizontalSpacing()
if hspace == -1:
hspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
vspace = self.verticalSpacing()
if vspace == -1:
vspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
if nextX - hspace > effective.right() and lineheight > 0:
x = effective.x()
y = y + lineheight + vspace
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
lineheight = 0
if not testonly:
item.setGeometry(
QtCore.QRect(QtCore.QPoint(x, y), item.sizeHint()))
x = nextX
lineheight = max(lineheight, item.sizeHint().height())
return y + lineheight - rect.y() + bottom
def smartSpacing(self, pm):
parent = self.parent()
if parent is None:
return -1
elif parent.isWidgetType():
return parent.style().pixelMetric(pm, None, parent)
else:
return parent.spacing()
class Bubble(QtWidgets.QLabel):
def __init__(self, text):
super(Bubble, self).__init__(text)
self.word = text
self.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QtGui.QPainter(self)
painter.setRenderHint(QtGui.QPainter.Antialiasing, True)
painter.drawRoundedRect(
0, 0, self.width() - 1, self.height() - 1, 5, 5)
super(Bubble, self).paintEvent(event)
class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, text, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.mainArea = QtWidgets.QScrollArea(self)
self.mainArea.setWidgetResizable(True)
widget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.mainArea)
widget.setMinimumWidth(50)
layout = FlowLayout(widget)
self.words = []
for word in text.split():
label = Bubble(word)
label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SblHebrew', 18))
label.setFixedWidth(label.sizeHint().width())
self.words.append(label)
layout.addWidget(label)
self.mainArea.setWidget(widget)
self.setCentralWidget(self.mainArea)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow('Harry Potter is a series of fantasy literature')
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:我认为可以在 QTextBrowser
小部件中为此使用 html,但 Qt 的 rich-text engine 不支持气泡标签所需的 border-radius
CSS 属性。
所以看起来您需要Flow Layout example 的 PyQt 端口。这可以“自动换行”容器内的一组小部件,还可以调整边距和水平/垂直间距。
这是一个演示脚本,它实现了FlowLayout
类并展示了如何在您的示例中使用它:
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
class FlowLayout(QtGui.QLayout):
def __init__(self, parent=None, margin=-1, hspacing=-1, vspacing=-1):
super(FlowLayout, self).__init__(parent)
self._hspacing = hspacing
self._vspacing = vspacing
self._items = []
self.setContentsMargins(margin, margin, margin, margin)
def __del__(self):
del self._items[:]
def addItem(self, item):
self._items.append(item)
def horizontalSpacing(self):
if self._hspacing >= 0:
return self._hspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtGui.QStyle.PM_LayoutHorizontalSpacing)
def verticalSpacing(self):
if self._vspacing >= 0:
return self._vspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtGui.QStyle.PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing)
def count(self):
return len(self._items)
def itemAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items[index]
def takeAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items.pop(index)
def expandingDirections(self):
return QtCore.Qt.Orientations(0)
def hasHeightForWidth(self):
return True
def heightForWidth(self, width):
return self.doLayout(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, width, 0), True)
def setGeometry(self, rect):
super(FlowLayout, self).setGeometry(rect)
self.doLayout(rect, False)
def sizeHint(self):
return self.minimumSize()
def minimumSize(self):
size = QtCore.QSize()
for item in self._items:
size = size.expandedTo(item.minimumSize())
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
size += QtCore.QSize(left + right, top + bottom)
return size
def doLayout(self, rect, testonly):
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
effective = rect.adjusted(+left, +top, -right, -bottom)
x = effective.x()
y = effective.y()
lineheight = 0
for item in self._items:
widget = item.widget()
hspace = self.horizontalSpacing()
if hspace == -1:
hspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
vspace = self.verticalSpacing()
if vspace == -1:
vspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
if nextX - hspace > effective.right() and lineheight > 0:
x = effective.x()
y = y + lineheight + vspace
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
lineheight = 0
if not testonly:
item.setGeometry(
QtCore.QRect(QtCore.QPoint(x, y), item.sizeHint()))
x = nextX
lineheight = max(lineheight, item.sizeHint().height())
return y + lineheight - rect.y() + bottom
def smartSpacing(self, pm):
parent = self.parent()
if parent is None:
return -1
elif parent.isWidgetType():
return parent.style().pixelMetric(pm, None, parent)
else:
return parent.spacing()
class Bubble(QtGui.QLabel):
def __init__(self, text):
super(Bubble, self).__init__(text)
self.word = text
self.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QtGui.QPainter(self)
painter.setRenderHint(QtGui.QPainter.Antialiasing, True)
painter.drawRoundedRect(
0, 0, self.width() - 1, self.height() - 1, 5, 5)
super(Bubble, self).paintEvent(event)
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, text, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.mainArea = QtGui.QScrollArea(self)
self.mainArea.setWidgetResizable(True)
widget = QtGui.QWidget(self.mainArea)
widget.setMinimumWidth(50)
layout = FlowLayout(widget)
self.words = []
for word in text.split():
label = Bubble(word)
label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SblHebrew', 18))
label.setFixedWidth(label.sizeHint().width())
self.words.append(label)
layout.addWidget(label)
self.mainArea.setWidget(widget)
self.setCentralWidget(self.mainArea)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow('Harry Potter is a series of fantasy literature')
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
【讨论】:
非常感谢!这正是我想要的!虽然我很伤心地说我不明白为什么。两个问题:(1)有没有办法从右到左显示小部件? (2) 有没有办法将小部件与任何方向对齐,或者证明它们的合理性? @CheynShmuel。也许——但这需要很多额外的工作。这就是我之前建议使用 html 的原因——它解决了布局文档的所有困难,并且可以轻松地以各种不同的方式格式化单词。不幸的是,QTextEdit
和 QTextBrowser
类不支持现代 html/css 的完整功能集,因此您无法获得像圆角这样的花哨的东西。但支持从右到左和对齐方式。
我知道这可能很难,但至少是可能的。你至少能给我指出正确的方向吗?我知道这可能很难,所以您至少可以提供一点帮助吗?
@CheynShmuel。我移植到 PyQt 的原始 FlowLayout
类是由 Qt 开发人员编写的,他们知道如何编写自定义布局。我自己没有这方面的经验。 Qt 文档有这个:How to Write A Custom Layout Manager。但实际上,这对于一个 SO 问题来说工作量太大了。我的建议是让你的程序使用 html (这将是快速和容易的),然后再担心像圆角这样的花哨的东西。如果您进行一些网络搜索,您甚至可能会找到相应的工作轮次。
谢谢。我会努力做到的以上是关于PyQt:QScrollArea 内小部件的环绕式布局的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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