Django AWS Elastic Beanstalk 错误配置不当：加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错：没有名为 MySQLdb 的模块

Posted 2023-03-04

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【中文标题】Django AWS Elastic Beanstalk 错误配置不当：加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错：没有名为 MySQLdb 的模块【英文标题】：Django AWS Elastic Beanstalk error ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb 【发布时间】：2020-06-08 11:27:38 【问题描述】：

我知道很多人都遇到过这个错误，我尝试了不同的解决方案，但都没有奏效。

我正在使用 aws eb cli。

我正在使用以下命令 eb deploy 将我的应用程序部署到服务器。

以下是我的 Django 的配置。

在.ebextensions 目录下，我有以下2个文件：

1：01_packages.config

packages:
  yum:
    git: []
    python27-devel: []
    mysql: []
    mysql-devel: []

另一个文件是

2：02_django.conf

option_settings:
  "aws:elasticbeanstalk:application:environment":
    DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: "settings.development"
    "PYTHONPATH": "/opt/python/current/app/src:$PYTHONPATH"
  "aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python":
    WSGIPath: src/wsgi.py
    NumProcesses: 3
    NumThreads: 20
  "aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python:staticfiles":
    "/static/": "static/"

以下是我在本地虚拟环境中pip freeze 之后的 requirements.txt 文件。

requirements.txt

asn1crypto==0.24.0
awsebcli==3.17.1
backports.ssl-match-hostname==3.5.0.1
botocore==1.14.17
cement==2.8.2
cent==2.1.0
centrifuge==0.8.4
certifi==2017.11.5
cffi==1.11.2
chardet==3.0.4
colorama==0.3.9
cryptography==2.1.4
Django==1.8.18
django-colorfield==0.1.14
django-countries==5.0
django-debug-toolbar==1.9.1
django-environ==0.4.4
django-multiselectfield==0.1.8
django-simple-history==1.9.1
django-sslserver==0.20
docutils==0.15.2
enum34==1.1.6
future==0.16.0
google-api-python-client==1.6.4
hiredis==0.2.0
html5lib==1.0b8
httplib2==0.10.3
icalendar==4.0.0
idna==2.6
ipaddress==1.0.18
jmespath==0.9.4
jsonschema==2.4.0
mysqlclient==1.4.6
oauth2client==2.0.0
oauthclient==1.0.3
olefile==0.44
pathspec==0.5.9
paypalrestsdk==1.13.1
pdfcrowd==4.0.1
phonenumbers==8.8.6
Pillow==4.3.0
pyasn1==0.3.7
pyasn1-modules==0.1.5
pycparser==2.18
PyJWT==1.5.3
pyOpenSSL==17.5.0
PyPDF2==1.26.0
pypiwin32==219
pytesseract==0.1.7
python-dateutil==2.6.1
pytz==2017.3
PyYAML==5.2
reportlab==3.4.0
requests==2.18.4
rsa==3.4.2
semantic-version==2.5.0
six==1.11.0
sockjs-tornado==1.0.1
sqlparse==0.2.4
termcolor==1.1.0
toredis-fork==0.1.4
tornado==4.2.1
toro==0.8
twilio==6.9.1
uritemplate==3.0.0
urllib3==1.22
wcwidth==0.1.8
webencodings==0.5.1
xhtml2pdf==0.2.2

我把它保存在我的根目录中。

当我运行eb deploy

成功部署。

但是当我将浏览器运行到我的网址时。

我得到了这个Internal Server Error 页面。

所以我尝试查看/var/log/httpd/error_log下服务器上的日志文件

我收到以下错误：

[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227427 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188] mod_wsgi (pid=8054): Target WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227450 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188] mod_wsgi (pid=8054): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227466 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227483 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]   File "/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py", line 17, in <module>
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227585 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227599 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]   File "/opt/python/run/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227627 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]     django.setup()
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227634 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]   File "/opt/python/run/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227645 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]     apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227651 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]   File "/opt/python/run/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 78, in populate
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227662 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188]     raise RuntimeError("populate() isn't reentrant")
[Mon Feb 24 17:56:57.227676 2020] [:error] [pid 8054] [remote 101.50.93.65:188] RuntimeError: populate() isn't reentrant

所以我一直在谷歌搜索，发现一个帖子建议更改 wsgi 文件，我这样做了，然后这个错误更新为以下代码行。

[Mon Feb 24 18:23:12.169850 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 9081] AH00169: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.289449 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 10286] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.305290 2020] [so:warn] [pid 10286] AH01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.307373 2020] [http2:warn] [pid 10286] AH10034: The mpm module (prefork.c) is not supported by mod_http2. The mpm determines how things are processed in your server. HTTP/2 has more demands in this regard and the currently selected mpm will just not do. This is an advisory warning. Your server will continue to work, but the HTTP/2 protocol will be inactive.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.307384 2020] [http2:warn] [pid 10286] AH02951: mod_ssl does not seem to be enabled
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.307990 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 10286] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.308050 2020] [:warn] [pid 10286] mod_wsgi: Compiled for Python/2.7.13.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.308057 2020] [:warn] [pid 10286] mod_wsgi: Runtime using Python/2.7.16.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.311200 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 10286] AH00163: Apache/2.4.41 (Amazon) mod_wsgi/3.5 Python/2.7.16 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:13.311217 2020] [core:notice] [pid 10286] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:16.367182 2020] [:error] [pid 10293] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10293): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:16.367240 2020] [:error] [pid 10293] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:17.744228 2020] [:error] [pid 10291] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10291): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:17.744288 2020] [:error] [pid 10291] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:19.116825 2020] [:error] [pid 10292] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10292): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:19.116892 2020] [:error] [pid 10292] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:20.493432 2020] [:error] [pid 10418] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10418): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:23:20.493489 2020] [:error] [pid 10418] [remote 127.0.0.1:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:36:44.987693 2020] [:error] [pid 10443] [remote 95.105.12.68:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10443): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:36:44.987766 2020] [:error] [pid 10443] [remote 95.105.12.68:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:28.298121 2020] [:error] [pid 10468] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10468): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:28.298180 2020] [:error] [pid 10468] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:30.126198 2020] [:error] [pid 10499] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10499): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:30.126260 2020] [:error] [pid 10499] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:31.671293 2020] [:error] [pid 10973] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] mod_wsgi (pid=10973): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:31.671358 2020] [:error] [pid 10973] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:32.858757 2020] [:error] [pid 11606] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] mod_wsgi (pid=11606): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/python/current/app/src/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Feb 24 18:55:32.858821 2020] [:error] [pid 11606] [remote 101.50.93.65:0] RuntimeError: response has not been started

这是新的 wsgi.py 文件。

import os
import logging

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings.development")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

# application = get_wsgi_application()
env_variables_to_pass = ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', ]


def application(environ, start_response):
    if environ['mod_wsgi.process_group'] != '':
        import signal
        os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGINT)
    return ["killed"]

下面是旧的 wsgi.py 文件


import os
import logging

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings.development")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

application = get_wsgi_application()
env_variables_to_pass = ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', ]

然后我尝试使用 python manage.py runserver 在服务器上运行应用程序，因为没有其他方法可以解决此问题，我不确定问题出在哪里。

所以我做了 ssh，我确实使用了 EB 创建的服务器的虚拟环境。

在运行 python manage.py runserver 之后。

我收到以下错误。

 File "/opt/python/run/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

因此，我尝试遵循我可以在 google 上看到的任何建议。

我试过pip install mysqlclient

我收到此错误。


Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/97/7326248ac8d5049968bf4ec708a5d3d4806e412a42e74160d7f266a3e03a/mysqlclient-1.4.6.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    sh: mysql_config: command not found
    sh: mariadb_config: command not found
    sh: mysql_config: command not found
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-MxFUOd/mysqlclient/setup.py", line 16, in <module>
        metadata, options = get_config()
      File "setup_posix.py", line 61, in get_config
        libs = mysql_config("libs")
      File "setup_posix.py", line 29, in mysql_config
        raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (_mysql_config_path,))
    EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-MxFUOd/mysqlclient/

我都试过了

pip install mysqlclient --no-cache-dir

和

pip install mysqlclient

它是 Centos 服务器，所以我不能执行 sudo apt-get 命令。

只有 yum 命令有效。

我用 sudo 尝试了以下命令

sudo pip install mysql-connector-python

但我认为这将安装在全局而不是环境中。

所以我尝试不使用sudo，它给出了权限错误。

我使用其他命令安装 mysql 时使用 sudo 而不是 sudo。

pip install pymysql

sudo yum install python-mysqldb

无论我做什么，我都会收到这个 MySQL 错误。

我不想移动到其他数据库，因为我也必须移动数据。

更新

根据@Arun K 的给定建议，我运行了以下命令

which mysql_config

我收到了以下回复。

/usr/bin/which: no mysql_config in (/opt/python/run/venv/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/aws/bin:/home/ec2-user/.local/bin:/home/ec2-user/bin)

【问题讨论】：

您好。在这里写帖子时请尝试使用正确的大小写 - 这使它们更容易阅读。请记住，Stack Overflow 是一组有用的问答集，将来会被许多开发人员使用，因此我们希望它们尽可能具有可读性。 【参考方案1】：

就我而言，在 64 位 Amazon Linux 2/3.0.1 上我必须通过 .ebextensions

中的 *.config 安装以下内容

packages:
  yum:
    python3-devel: []
    mariadb-devel: []
    gcc: []

【讨论】：

【参考方案2】：

为什么不使用 docker 并将 Django 应用程序作为容器运行？弹性豆茎还支持 docker 类型。网上有很多文章详细介绍了这些步骤。你不必担心centos。

参考： Django on Docler

【讨论】：

【参考方案3】：

尝试运行

sudo yum install mysql-devel gcc python-devel

然后

pip install mysqlclient

【讨论】：

yum install 命令说已经安装了。但是当我运行 pip install 时，问题中解释了同样的旧错误。 Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-7UHBND/mysqlclient/ 在为 pip 运行第二个命令时再次出现同样的错误。 :-( 我认为 mysql 的库已安装但 mysqlclient 缺少。尝试运行sudo yum whatprovides libmysqlclient*。应该有一个结果提到像mariadb-libs-<SOME-VERSION_NO> 这样的包。尝试使用sudo yum install mariadb-libs-<SOME-VERSION_NO> 安装该软件包。不要忘记复制包的确切名称。然后尝试用pip安装mysqlclient。 @SizzlingCode 我启动了一个新的centos 服务器，安装了mariadb-devel gcc python-devel 并且能够使用pip 安装mysqlclient。在这一点上，我认为您的服务器中配置错误。尝试在新实例上复制您的生产流程，看看会发生什么。是的，我的错，我重建了 ec2 环境，一切都开始工作了。我不确定是什么问题，可能是包损坏或配置错误。但重建后一切正常。谢谢。

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