android ——ListView

Posted 2020-10-07 xxbbtt

谷歌官方文档的介绍：https://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ListView.html

显示可垂直滚动的视图集合，其中每个视图都立即位于列表中的上一个视图的下方。 为了更现代化，更灵活和更有效地显示列表，请使用RecyclerView。。。

现在活动布局中加入ListView:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">


   <ListView
       android:id="@+id/list_view"
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout>

这里做一个定制的列表，就是自己定制列表中的布局。新建一个hero_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/hero_img"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/hero_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:textSize="20sp"/>

</LinearLayout>

再然后是这次想要使用的数据，http://ow.blizzard.cn/heroes/，数据来自暴雪的守望先锋官网的英雄介绍页面

旁边的html代码中<img src="..." class="portrait">是英雄头像的url，</span><span class="portrait-title">末日铁拳</span></span>是英雄的名字。

所以新建一个H

public class Hero {

    private String imageUrl;

    private String name;

    public Hero(String imageUrl, String name) {
        this.imageUrl = imageUrl;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
        return imageUrl;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.imageUrl = url;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

然后就是ListView的Adapter，新建一个HeroAdapter.class，这个Adapter继承自ArrayAdapter，并将泛型指定为Hero

public class HeroAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Hero> {

    private int resourceId;

    public HeroAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Hero> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Hero hero = getItem(position);
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        ImageView heroImg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.hero_img);
        TextView heroName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.hero_name);
        Glide.with(getContext()).load(hero.getUrl()).into(heroImg);
        heroName.setText(hero.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

HeroAdapter重写了父类的构造函数，可以获得上下文，ListView的子布局的id和数据，然后重写getView()方法，这个方法会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕时调用，在getItem()中根据position获得当前的Hero实例，然后使用LayoutInflater来为这个子项加载布局，再然后设置布局中的ImageView 和TextView，最后返回布局。

最后活动中的代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Hero> heroList = new ArrayList<>();
    private Handler handler;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        initHeroes();
        handler = new Handler(){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                if(msg.what == 1){
                    HeroAdapter adapter = new HeroAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.hero_item, heroList);
                    listView.setAdapter(adapter);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    //读取数据
    private void initHeroes(){
        String weatherUrl = "http://ow.blizzard.cn/heroes/";
        HttpUtil.sendOkHttpRequest(weatherUrl, new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                final String responseText = response.body().string();
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(responseText);//将String类型的html转换为Document
                        Elements elements1 = doc.select(".portrait"); //读取图片url
                        Elements elements2 = doc.select(".portrait-title");//读取英雄名字
                        for (int j = 0; j < elements1.size(); j++) {
                            Hero hero = new Hero(elements1.get(j).attr("src"), elements2.get(j).text());
                            heroList.add(hero);
                        }
                        Message msg = new Message();
                        msg.what = 1;
                        handler.sendMessage(msg);
                    }
                }).start();
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "数据获取失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }
}

创建一个HeroAdapter，传入上下文，子布局和数据，再将这个适配器传递给ListView就好了

 代码优化：

   public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Hero hero = getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewholder;
        //检验之前是否已经加载好布局
        if(convertView != null) {
            view = convertView;
            viewholder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }else {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewholder = new ViewHolder();
            viewholder.heroImg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.hero_img);
            viewholder.heroName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.hero_name);
            view.setTag(viewholder);
        }
        Glide.with(getContext()).load(hero.getUrl()).into(viewholder.heroImg);
        viewholder.heroName.setText(hero.getName());
        return view;
    }

    class  ViewHolder{
        ImageView heroImg;
        TextView heroName;
    }
}

根据如果之前加载过的布局就重用之前的，不再使用LayoutInflater去加载布局，然后还把之前获取的布局控件的id也保存了下来。这样做的话。。像这次这样简单的布局和数据就有点加载得快过头了。。。

 

ListView的点击事件

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        ....
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Hero hero = heroList.get(i);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,hero.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }