OpenGL进阶02.为三角形添加纹理贴图

Posted 2023-02-22 stq_wyy

这篇文章基于上一篇的基础上，为三角形添加纹理贴图。首先我们要解码bmp文件，然后创建纹理对象，再将bmp数据转化成2D贴图，贴到三角形上。

在Utils.h中添加所需接口：

#pragma once
#include "ggl.h"
unsigned char* LoadFileContent(const char* path, int& filesize);

GLuint CompileShader(GLenum shaderType, const char* shaderCode);

GLuint CreateProgram(GLuint vsShader, GLuint fsShader);

float GetFrameTime();
//解码
unsigned char* DecodeBMP(unsigned char* bmpFileData, int& width, int& height);

GLuint CreateTexture2D(unsigned char* pixelData, int width, int height, GLenum type);

GLuint CreateTexture2DFromBMP(const char* bmpPath);

Utils.cpp中实现上述新添加的3个接口：

//解码BMP
unsigned char* DecodeBMP(unsigned char* bmpFileData, int& width, int& height)

	if (0x4D42 == *((unsigned short*)bmpFileData))
	
		int pixelDataOffset = *((int*)(bmpFileData + 10));
		width = *((int*)(bmpFileData + 18));
		height = *((int*)(bmpFileData + 22));
		unsigned char* pixelData = bmpFileData + pixelDataOffset;
		for (int i=0;i<width*height*3;i+=3)
		
			unsigned char temp = pixelData[i];
			pixelData[i] = pixelData[i + 2];
			pixelData[i + 2] = temp;
		
		return pixelData;
	
	return nullptr;

//创建纹理对象
GLuint CreateTexture2D(unsigned char* pixelData, int width, int height, GLenum type)

	GLuint texture;

	glGenTextures(1, &texture);
	//设置纹理对象
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
	
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
	
	//像素数据传到显卡
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, type, width, height, 0, type, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixelData);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
	return texture;


//从bmp创建texture
GLuint CreateTexture2DFromBMP(const char* bmpPath)

	int nFileSize = 0;
	unsigned char* bmpFileContent = LoadFileContent(bmpPath, nFileSize);
	if (bmpFileContent == nullptr)
	
		return 0;
	
	int bmpWidth = 0, bmpHeight = 0;
	unsigned char* pixelData = DecodeBMP(bmpFileContent, bmpWidth, bmpHeight);
	if (bmpWidth == 0)
	
		delete bmpFileContent;
		return 0;
	
	GLuint texture = CreateTexture2D(pixelData, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, GL_RGB);
	delete bmpFileContent;
	return texture;

scene.cpp中添加所需要的数据：

#include "scene.h"
#include "ggl.h"
#include "Utils.h"

GLuint vbo,ebo;
GLuint program;
GLint positionLocation, modelMatrixLocation, viewMatrixLocation, projectionMatrixLocation,colorLocation;
GLuint texcoordLocation, textureLocation;
GLuint texture;
glm::mat4 modelMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix;

void Init()

	float data[] = 
		-0.2f,-0.2f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
		0.2f,-0.2f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
		0.0f,0.2f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,1.0f
	;
	glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * 30, data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

	unsigned short indexes[] =  0,1,2 ;
	glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(unsigned short) * 3, indexes, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

	int fileSize = 0;
	//读取shader代码
	unsigned char* shaderCode = LoadFileContent("Res/test.vs", fileSize);
	GLuint vsShader = CompileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, (char*)shaderCode);
	delete shaderCode;

	shaderCode = LoadFileContent("Res/test.fs", fileSize);
	GLuint fsShader = CompileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, (char*)shaderCode);
	delete shaderCode;
	
	program = CreateProgram(vsShader, fsShader);
	glDeleteShader(vsShader);
	glDeleteShader(fsShader);
	//获取shader中的变量
	positionLocation = glGetAttribLocation(program, "position");
	colorLocation = glGetAttribLocation(program, "color");
	texcoordLocation = glGetAttribLocation(program, "texcoord");
	modelMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(program, "ModelMatrix");
	viewMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(program, "ViewMatrix");
	projectionMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(program, "ProjectionMatrix");
	textureLocation = glGetUniformLocation(program, "U_Texture");
	modelMatrix = glm::translate(0.0f, 0.0f, -0.6f);
	texture = CreateTexture2DFromBMP("Res/test.bmp");


void SetViewPortSize(float width, float height)

	projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(60.0f, width / height, 0.1f, 1000.0f);


void Draw()

	float frameTime = GetFrameTime();
	glClearColor(0.1f, 0.4f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	glUseProgram(program);
	glUniformMatrix4fv(modelMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(modelMatrix));
	glUniformMatrix4fv(viewMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(viewMatrix));
	glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projectionMatrix));
	
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
	glUniform1i(textureLocation, 0);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionLocation);
	glVertexAttribPointer(positionLocation, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 10, 0);

	glEnableVertexAttribArray(colorLocation);
	glVertexAttribPointer(colorLocation, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 10, (void*)(sizeof(float)*4));

	glEnableVertexAttribArray(texcoordLocation);

	glVertexAttribPointer(texcoordLocation, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 10, (void*)(sizeof(float) * 8));
	
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
	glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glUseProgram(0);

main.cpp中无文件变化，接下来看下Shader的变化，添加了纹理贴图和纹理坐标属性。

test.vs:

attribute vec4 position;
attribute vec4 color;
attribute vec2 texcoord;
uniform mat4 ModelMatrix;
uniform mat4 ViewMatrix;
uniform mat4 ProjectionMatrix;
varying vec4 V_Color;
varying vec2 V_Texcoord;

void main()

    V_Color = color;
    V_Texcoord = texcoord;
    gl_Position = ProjectionMatrix*ViewMatrix*ModelMatrix*position;

test.fs:

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
uniform sampler2D U_Texture;
varying vec4 V_Color;
varying vec2 V_Texcoord;

void main()

    gl_FragColor = V_Color*texture2D(U_Texture,V_Texcoord);

话不多说，看结果：