使用mysqlpump进行MySQL数据库的逻辑备份与恢复

Posted 2023-02-06 时栈

目录

一、背景

二、简介

三、备份

1. 打开“命令提示符”

2. 执行命令（在命令行下）

2.1 如果有需要，请先切换到对应的目录下

2.2 输入命令，进行备份

2.3 其他的参数

四、恢复

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一、背景

        因为数据库时常需要进行备份，而每次备份都需要对每个数据库进行相应的操作，耗费很多的时间和精力，后来偶然发现可以使用mysql数据库提供的逻辑备份工具mysqlpump（mysqldump也可以，不过mysqlpump会显示进度，个人感觉更好用一些）进行数据库的备份，这可以省去很多的时间。

二、简介

        以下内容源自mysql手册。
        mysqlpump程序执行逻辑备份。可以生成一组 SQL 语句，通过执行这些语句可以恢复原始数据库对象定义和表数据。

        其功能包括：

• 并行处理数据库和数据库中的对象，以加快转储过程（相较于mysqldump）

• 更好地控制要转储的数据库和数据库对象（表、存储的程序、用户帐户）

• 将用户帐户转储为帐户管理语句（CREAT USER、GRANT），而不是插入到系统数据库mysql中

• 创建压缩输出的能力

• 进度指示器（值为估计值）

• 对于转储文件重新加载，通过在插入行后添加索引来更快地为表创建二级索引InnoDB

        更多内容请参考：mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program

三、备份

1. 打开“命令提示符”

        可以使用“Windows键 + R，输入cmd，点击回车”打开

        也可以以管理员权限打开命令提示符

2. 执行命令（在命令行下）

2.1 如果有需要，请先切换到对应的目录下

cd 对应的目录

2.2 输入命令，进行备份

如果对本地的数据库进行备份（可以省略IP），使用以下命令：
mysqlpump -u用户名 -p密码 --all-databases > 备份文件名.sql

如果对远程数据库进行备份，则需要提供IP信息：
mysqlpump -h你的IP地址 -u用户名 -p密码 --all-databases > 备份文件名.sql

        可以看到：

        注：如果提示找不到该命令，则需要切换到MySQL程序安装目录的bin文件夹下执行上述命令。

2.3 其他的参数

Option Name	Description	Introduced	Deprecated
--add-drop-database	Add DROP DATABASE statement before each CREATE DATABASE statement
--add-drop-table	Add DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement
--add-drop-user	Add DROP USER statement before each CREATE USER statement
--add-locks	Surround each table dump with LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES statements
--all-databases	Dump all databases
--bind-address	Use specified network interface to connect to MySQL Server
--character-sets-dir	Directory where character sets are installed
--column-statistics	Write ANALYZE TABLE statements to generate statistics histograms
--complete-insert	Use complete INSERT statements that include column names
--compress	Compress all information sent between client and server		8.0.18
--compress-output	Output compression algorithm
--compression-algorithms	Permitted compression algorithms for connections to server	8.0.18
--databases	Interpret all name arguments as database names
--debug	Write debugging log
--debug-check	Print debugging information when program exits
--debug-info	Print debugging information, memory, and CPU statistics when program exits
--default-auth	Authentication plugin to use
--default-character-set	Specify default character set
--default-parallelism	Default number of threads for parallel processing
--defaults-extra-file	Read named option file in addition to usual option files
--defaults-file	Read only named option file
--defaults-group-suffix	Option group suffix value
--defer-table-indexes	For reloading, defer index creation until after loading table rows
--events	Dump events from dumped databases
--exclude-databases	Databases to exclude from dump
--exclude-events	Events to exclude from dump
--exclude-routines	Routines to exclude from dump
--exclude-tables	Tables to exclude from dump
--exclude-triggers	Triggers to exclude from dump
--exclude-users	Users to exclude from dump
--extended-insert	Use multiple-row INSERT syntax
--get-server-public-key	Request RSA public key from server
--help	Display help message and exit
--hex-blob	Dump binary columns using hexadecimal notation
--host	Host on which MySQL server is located
--include-databases	Databases to include in dump
--include-events	Events to include in dump
--include-routines	Routines to include in dump
--include-tables	Tables to include in dump
--include-triggers	Triggers to include in dump
--include-users	Users to include in dump
--insert-ignore	Write INSERT IGNORE rather than INSERT statements
--log-error-file	Append warnings and errors to named file
--login-path	Read login path options from .mylogin.cnf
--max-allowed-packet	Maximum packet length to send to or receive from server
--net-buffer-length	Buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication
--no-create-db	Do not write CREATE DATABASE statements
--no-create-info	Do not write CREATE TABLE statements that re-create each dumped table
--no-defaults	Read no option files
--parallel-schemas	Specify schema-processing parallelism
--password	Password to use when connecting to server
--password1	First multifactor authentication password to use when connecting to server	8.0.27
--password2	Second multifactor authentication password to use when connecting to server	8.0.27
--password3	Third multifactor authentication password to use when connecting to server	8.0.27
--plugin-dir	Directory where plugins are installed
--port	TCP/IP port number for connection
--print-defaults	Print default options
--protocol	Transport protocol to use
--replace	Write REPLACE statements rather than INSERT statements
--result-file	Direct output to a given file
--routines	Dump stored routines (procedures and functions) from dumped databases
--server-public-key-path	Path name to file containing RSA public key
--set-charset	Add SET NAMES default_character_set to output
--set-gtid-purged	Whether to add SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED to output
--single-transaction	Dump tables within single transaction
--skip-definer	Omit DEFINER and SQL SECURITY clauses from view and stored program CREATE statements
--skip-dump-rows	Do not dump table rows
--skip-generated-invisible-primary-key	Do not dump information about generated invisible primary keys	8.0.30
--socket	Unix socket file or Windows named pipe to use
--ssl-ca	File that contains list of trusted SSL Certificate Authorities
--ssl-capath	Directory that contains trusted SSL Certificate Authority certificate files
--ssl-cert	File that contains X.509 certificate
--ssl-cipher	Permissible ciphers for connection encryption
--ssl-crl	File that contains certificate revocation lists
--ssl-crlpath	Directory that contains certificate revocation-list files
--ssl-fips-mode	Whether to enable FIPS mode on client side
--ssl-key	File that contains X.509 key
--ssl-mode	Desired security state of connection to server
--ssl-session-data	File that contains SSL session data	8.0.29
--ssl-session-data-continue-on-failed-reuse	Whether to establish connections if session reuse fails	8.0.29
--tls-ciphersuites	Permissible TLSv1.3 ciphersuites for encrypted connections	8.0.16
--tls-version	Permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections
--triggers	Dump triggers for each dumped table
--tz-utc	Add SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' to dump file
--user	MySQL user name to use when connecting to server
--users	Dump user accounts
--version	Display version information and exit
--watch-progress	Display progress indicator
--zstd-compression-level	Compression level for connections to server that use zstd compression	8.0.18

比如我需要备份“以a开头”和“以BC开头”的数据库，文件存储在bakup.sql中。同时，我希望先清空所有“以a开头”和“以BC开头”的数据库之后再把备份的内容写入到数据库，可以这么写：

mysqlpump -u用户名 -p密码 --add-drop-database --add-drop-table --include-databases=a%,BC% > bakup.sql

注：
--add-drop-database 在每个创建数据库语句之前添加 DROP DATABASE 语句
--add-drop-table 在每个 CREATE TABLE 语句之前添加 DROP TABLE 语句
--include-databases=a%,BC% 只对“以a开头”和“以BC开头”的数据库进行备份

         更多内容请参考：mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program

四、恢复

        删除上面的所有用于测试的数据库，观察是否能够恢复：

mysql -u用户 -p -f < 备份文件名称.sql

注：-f意为遇到错误仍然继续

 最后可以发现，把数据库都删除之后，数据库被成功复原。

如有不当或错误之处，恳请您的指正，谢谢！！！