应用性能监控系统SkyWalking
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1. 概念与架构
SkyWalking是一个开源监控平台,用于从服务和云原生基础设施收集、分析、聚合和可视化数据。SkyWalking提供了一种简单的方法来维护分布式系统的清晰视图,甚至可以跨云查看。它是一种现代APM,专门为云原生、基于容器的分布式系统设计。
SkyWalking从三个维度对应用进行监视:service(服务), service instance(实例), endpoint(端点)
服务和实例就不多说了,端点是服务中的某个路径或者说URI
SkyWalking allows users to understand the topology relationship between Services and Endpoints, to view the metrics of every Service/Service Instance/Endpoint and to set alarm rules.
SkyWalking允许用户了解服务和端点之间的拓扑关系,查看每个服务/服务实例/端点的度量,并设置警报规则。
1.1. 架构
SkyWalking逻辑上分为四个部分:Probes(探针), Platform backend(平台后端), Storage(存储), UI
这个结构就很清晰了,探针就是Agent负责采集数据并上报给服务端,服务端对数据进行处理和存储,UI负责展示
2. 下载与安装
SkyWalking有两中版本,ES版本和非ES版。如果我们决定采用ElasticSearch作为存储,那么就下载es版本。
https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/
https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/
- agent目录将来要拷贝到各服务所在机器上用作探针
- bin目录是服务启动脚本
- config目录是配置文件
- oap-libs目录是oap服务运行所需的jar包
- webapp目录是web服务运行所需的jar包
接下来,要选择存储了,支持的存储有:
- H2
- ElasticSearch 6, 7
- mysql
- TiDB
- InfluxDB
作为监控系统,首先排除H2和MySQL,这里推荐InfluxDB,它本身就是时序数据库,非常适合这种场景
但是InfluxDB我不是很熟悉,所以这里先用ElasticSearch7
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md
2.1. 安装ElasticSearch
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html
启动
./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid
# 停止
pkill -F pid
ElasticSearch7.x需要Java 11以上的版本,但是如果你设置了环境变量JAVA_HOME的话,它会用你自己的Java版本
通常,启动过程中会报以下三个错误:
[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535]
[2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[3]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured
解决方法:
在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中追加以下内容:
在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中追加以下内容:
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 4096
* hard nproc 4096
可通过以下四个命令查看修改结果:
ulimit -Hn
ulimit -Sn
ulimit -Hu
ulimit -Su
修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件,追加以下内容:
vm.max_map_count=262144
修改es配置文件 elasticsearch.yml 取消注释,保留一个节点
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]
为了能够ip:port方式访问,还需修改网络配置
network.host: 0.0.0.0
修改完是这样的:
至此,ElasticSearch算是启动成功了
接下来,在 config/application.yml 中配置es地址即可
storage:
selector: $SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch7
elasticsearch7:
clusterNodes: $SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.100.19:9200
2.2. 安装Agent
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md
将agent目录拷贝至各服务所在的机器上
scp -r ./agent chengjs@192.168.100.12:~/
这里,我将它拷贝至各个服务目录下:
plugins是探针用到各种插件,SkyWalking插件都是即插即用的,可以把optional-plugins中的插件放到plugins中
修改 agent/config/agent.config 配置文件,也可以通过命令行参数指定
主要是配置服务名称和后端服务地址
agent.service_name=$SW_AGENT_NAME:user-center
collector.backend_service=$SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:192.168.100.17:11800
当然,也可以通过环境变量或系统属性的方式来设置,例如:
export SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=127.0.0.1:11800
最后,在服务启动的时候用命令行参数 -javaagent 来指定探针
java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent/skywalking-agent.jar -jar yourApp.jar
例如:
java -javaagent:./agent/skywalking-agent.jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
3. 启动服务
修改 webapp/webapp.yml 文件,更改端口号及后端服务地址
server:
port: 8080
collector:
path: /graphql
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 10000
# Point to all backends restHost:restPort, split by ,
listOfServers: 127.0.0.1:12800
启动服务
bin/startup.sh
或者分别依次启动
bin/oapService.sh
bin/webappService.sh
查看logs目录下的日志文件,看是否启动成功
浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080
4 告警
编辑 alarm-settings.yml 设置告警规则和通知
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md
重点说下告警通知
为了使用钉钉机器人通知,接下来,新建一个项目
"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
2.4.0
com.wt.monitor
skywalking-alarm
1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
skywalking-alarm
1.8
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
com.aliyun
alibaba-dingtalk-service-sdk
1.0.1
commons-codec
commons-codec
1.15
com.alibaba
fastjson
1.2.75
org.projectlombok
lombok
true
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
定义告警消息实体类
package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain; import lombok.Data; import java.io.Serializable; /** * @author ChengJianSheng
* @date 2020/12/1 */ @Data public class AlarmMessageDTO implements Serializable private int scopeId; private String scope; /** * Target scope entity name */
private String name; private String id0; private String id1; private String ruleName; /** * Alarm text message */
private String alarmMessage; /** * Alarm time measured in milliseconds */
private long startTime;
发送钉钉机器人消息
package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service; import com.dingtalk.api.DefaultDingTalkClient; import com.dingtalk.api.DingTalkClient; import com.dingtalk.api.request.OapiRobotSendRequest; import com.taobao.api.ApiException; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import javax.crypto.Mac; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.security.InvalidKeyException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; /** * https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq
* @author
* @data
@Service public class DingTalkAlarmService
@Value("$dingtalk.webhook") private String webhook;
@Value("$dingtalk.secret") private String secret; public void sendMessage(String content) try
Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
String stringToSign = timestamp + "\\n" + secret;
Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA256")); byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8"));
String sign = URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signData)),"UTF-8");
String serverUrl = webhook + "×tamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + sign;
DingTalkClient client = new DefaultDingTalkClient(serverUrl);
OapiRobotSendRequest request = new OapiRobotSendRequest();
request.setMsgtype("text");
OapiRobotSendRequest.Text text = new OapiRobotSendRequest.Text();
text.setContent(content);
request.setText(text);
client.execute(request);
catch (ApiException e)
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
catch (InvalidKeyException e)
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
AlarmController.java
package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.controller; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain.AlarmMessageDTO; import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service.DingTalkAlarmService; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.text.MessageFormat; import java.util.List; /** * @author ChengJianSheng
* @date
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/skywalking") public class AlarmController
@Autowired private DingTalkAlarmService dingTalkAlarmService;
@PostMapping("/alarm") public void alarm(@RequestBody List alarmMessageDTOList)
log.info("收到告警信息: ", JSON.toJSONString(alarmMessageDTOList)); if (null != alarmMessageDTOList)
alarmMessageDTOList.forEach(e->dingTalkAlarmService.sendMessage(MessageFormat.format("-----来自SkyWalking的告警-----\\n【名称】: 0\\n【消息】: 1\\n", e.getName(), e.getAlarmMessage())));
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