使用kubeadm安装k8s集群（v1.18.0）

Posted 2022-12-21

一、安装环境

1. 系统

[root@master1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@master1 ~]# uname -a
Linux master1 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

2. 配置

角色	IP	配置
master1	172.16.0.11	4核4G内存
node1	172.16.0.12	4核4G内存
node2	172.16.0.13	4核4G内存

二、基础配置（所有服务器都要配置）

1. 更改服务器名称

hostnamectl set-hostname master1    #在master1上操作
hostnamectl set-hostname node1      #在node1上操作
hostnamectl set-hostname node2      #在node2上操作

2. 添加域名绑定（所有服务器都要操作）

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.16.0.11 master1
172.16.0.12 node1
172.16.0.13 node2
EOF

3. 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

4. 关闭selinux

setenforce 0 && sed -i s/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/ /etc/selinux/config

5. 关闭swap分区

swapoff -a && sed -ri s/.*swap.*/#&/ /etc/fstab

6.将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sysctl --system    #让配置生效

7. 配置时间同步

yum install -y ntpdate && ntpdate time.windows.com

三、安装docker（所有服务器都要配置）

1. 卸载旧版本的docker

yum remove docker \\
                  docker-client \\
                  docker-client-latest \\
                  docker-common \\
                  docker-latest \\
                  docker-latest-logrotate \\
                  docker-logrotate \\
                  docker-engine

2. 安装docker

yum install -y wget
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7

3. 启动docker及配置为开机启动

systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

4. 查看docker版本

docker --version

5. 配置阿里云镜像加速

mkdir -p /etc/docker

tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-EOF

  "registry-mirrors": ["https://sx15mtuf.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

四、添加阿里云yum源（所有服务器都要配置）

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

五、安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl（所有服务器都要配置）

1. 安装三大件

yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0

2. 设置开机启动

systemctl enable kubelet

六、初始化master1节点（仅master1节点操作）

1. 初始化master1节点

kubeadm init \\
  --apiserver-advertise-address=172.16.0.11 \\
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \\
  --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 \\
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \\
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

2. 配置kubectl工具

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown ( i d − u ) : (id -u):(id−u):(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

七、部署CNI插件（仅master1节点操作）

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system   #查看flannel状态

kubectl get nodes    #flannel就绪后，我们可以看到master1也已经就绪

八、添加node节点(所有node节点上操作)

1. 将master1节点的flannel配置拷贝到node节点

scp -r /etc/cni root@172.16.0.12:/etc/cni    #这个是在master1上操作的
systemctl restart kubelet

2. 将node节点加入到集群

kubeadm join 172.16.0.11:6443 --token x1spbh.gfwauz5pp9x8jk5j     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:601a110b6cb91577322b3dc2253140a5f2c2eed6873495c213ff9795dcdfb2a6

3. 查看节点状态

kubectl get nodes

九、测试

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc

十、安装dashboard

1. 下载yml文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-rc7/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

2. 将recommended.yaml如下两处新增

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort                        #新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001                   #新增
  selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

3. 执行并生效

kubectl create -f recommended.yaml

4. 创建serceaccount和clusterrolebinding资源YAML文件

vim adminuser.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
    name: admin-user
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

5. 创建admin-user并且赋予admin-user集权管理员权限

kubectl create -f adminuser.yaml

6.在浏览器中输入 ​​​https://172.16.0.11:30001/​​ ​​

7. 查看token

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                               TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-nzrk4                kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      89m
kubernetes-dashboard-certs         Opaque                                0      89m
kubernetes-dashboard-csrf          Opaque                                1      89m
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder    Opaque                                2      89m
kubernetes-dashboard-token-bs9qp   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      89m    #找到此项

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-bs9qp -n kubernetes-dashboard                      
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-token-bs9qp
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: e03da0c2-3e9c-42d6-b1da-3417e3cc2764

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImNfTmhqVFdsbXpiRUpTTnA1bEhNanhnMUNTY2lQUWJDd0FBcWljQXExejAifQ.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.0CVjK8WjyDiyYShSwyCyTKN-f3FoYDlgIX--_ISshxLmmzJJRJolqiUXkbCs_OBZUhOz_3tJarpjgnFUcoETpFgDjdB9naztbajTPrGDIgLzjVWKsvnsfAKaMGxnpyNLBnCQAQzmGBKfNBg6jnxhEAxcTkA42N0yxxX8-30PTNsZjW8hx8haoSYoUK_ttlVbi1ajT8JHg2YCo3Scxdg01niZpsTntmqtSeraxE7bPgDCGBX6281iMAhlT9vDXTkYUlFoEXqdIC717cvDsh-ky0xEkOR4pEnmUiOTEIJWor_lr8LMA4FCaA1v2Xw-4f9rHDEzjWq2DTjn4DI2WWia2A
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
[root@master1 ~]#

8. 输入token，就可以进入dashboard了