Java NIO 学习--ServerSocketChannel与SocketChannel

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本机要讲到的ServerSocketChannel、SocketChannel,与Java网络编程中的ServerSocket、Socket是非常相识,至少从使用方式上来看是这样,本质上都是TCP网络套接字,只是多了“channel”;

一、SocketChanel

1、创建SocketChannel

有两种方法可以获取一个SocketChannel实例
1. 通过静态方法open打开一个

SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
  1. ServerSocketChannel接受一个连接请求后等到
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();

获取到实例后可通过connect方法与服务端建立连接:

socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(1234));

2、读写数据

SocketChannel的读写数据与其他通道没有区别,读数据使用多个read方法,将数据读取如一个buffer中,返回一个int值,表示成功读取的字节数,返回-1表示读取到了数据流的末尾了;

sizeBuffer.clear();
int read = socketChannel.read(sizeBuffer);

使用write方法将buffer中的数据写入到通道中,同样需要循环写入;

buffer.flip();
while (buffer.hasRemaining()) 
    socketChannel.write(dest);

3、非阻塞模式

非阻塞就是普通套接字的区别了,SocketChannel在非阻塞模式下,许多方法都是可能直接返回不等待的:
1. connect方法,可能没有完成连接建立就已经返回,需要使用finishConnect,判断是否完成了连接;
2. read方法,可能没有读取任何就返回了(不是到数据末尾),需要通过返回值判断;
3. write方法,与阻塞模式一样,需要在循环中写入;

二、ServerSocketChannel

1、创建ServerSocketC

通过静态方法open获取一个实例,并使用bind方法绑定地址:

ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(1234));

完成绑定后,可以通过accept方法,接受客户端连接请求,与客户端建立连接后,获取到一个SocketChannel实例,通过这个实例与建立连接的客户端进行通信;

2、非阻塞模式

ServerSocketChannel同样有非阻塞模式,此时,accept方法在没有连接请求是,可能返回Null,需要做判断处理;

三、结合实例

通过ServerSocketChannel 和 SocketChannel实现一个简单的消息发送例子:

1、服务端

服务端在循环中等待客户端连接请求(阻塞模式下),对每一个请求使用一个单独的线程进行通信处理

public class ServerSocketChannelServer 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 10, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, 
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(100));

        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(1234));

        while (true) 
            SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
            //每个连接使用一个单独线程处理
            if (socketChannel != null) 
                executor.submit(new SocketChannelThread(socketChannel));
            
        
    

2、处理线程

public class SocketChannelThread implements Runnable 

    private SocketChannel socketChannel;
    private String remoteName;

    public SocketChannelThread(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException 
        this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
        this.remoteName = socketChannel.getRemoteAddress().toString();
        System.out.println("客户:" + remoteName + " 连接成功!");
    

    @Override
    public void run() 
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        ByteBuffer sizeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        byte b[];
        while(true) 
            try 
                sizeBuffer.clear();
                int read = socketChannel.read(sizeBuffer);
                if (read != -1) 
                    sb.setLength(0);
                    sizeBuffer.flip();
                    int size = sizeBuffer.getInt();
                    int readCount = 0;
                    b = new byte[1024];
                    //读取已知长度消息内容
                    while (readCount < size) 
                        buffer.clear();
                        read = socketChannel.read(buffer);
                        if (read != -1) 
                            readCount += read;
                            buffer.flip();
                            int index = 0 ;
                            while(buffer.hasRemaining()) 
                                b[index++] = buffer.get();
                                if (index >= b.length) 
                                    index = 0;
                                    sb.append(new String(b,"UTF-8"));
                                
                            
                            if (index > 0) 
                                sb.append(new String(b,"UTF-8"));
                            
                        
                    
                    System.out.println(remoteName +  ":" + sb.toString());
                
             catch (Exception e) 
                System.out.println(remoteName + " 断线了,连接关闭");
                try 
                    socketChannel.close();
                 catch (IOException ex) 
                
                break;
            
        
    

消息的发送和接收,在消息的前4个字节固定发送后面消息的内容长度,接收时,按照长度接收消息内容,使用这个方式的来解决“消息无边界”问题;

3、客户端

使用“分散(Scatter)”方式写入

public class SocketChanneClient 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 

        SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
        socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(1234));
        while (true) 
            Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
            String next = sc.next();
            sendMessage(socketChannel, next);
        
    

    public static void sendMessage(SocketChannel socketChannel, String mes) throws IOException 
        if (mes == null || mes.isEmpty()) 
            return;
        
        byte[] bytes = mes.getBytes("UTF-8");
        int size = bytes.length;
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
        ByteBuffer sizeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);

        sizeBuffer.putInt(size);
        buffer.put(bytes);

        buffer.flip();
        sizeBuffer.flip();
        ByteBuffer dest[] = sizeBuffer,buffer;
        while (sizeBuffer.hasRemaining() || buffer.hasRemaining()) 
            socketChannel.write(dest);
        
    

总最后的例子来看,确实与平常的网络套接字没有什么区别,可以看出的最大区别应该就是非阻塞模式了;

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