今日BBC

Posted 2022-12-14 WillWinwin

1. 你问我答
   Clash 和 crash 之间的区别
   Clash

   （1）当 clash 做为名词时，常用意思有以下四个：第一，斗争、争吵；第二，因为观点或品质等产生的分歧、冲突；第三，时间上相冲突，撞期。 第四，颜色或风格上不协调，不搭配，撞色。请听例句。
   Examples
   There were clashes between the revellers and security guards at the night club.
   在俱乐部发生了狂欢者和保安之间的打斗。
   Sam and I have a personality clash – we’ll never get on!
   Sam 和我在性格上有冲突，我们永远不会相处愉快。在英语中我们常会听到 a clash of opinions 意见冲突，a clash of cultures 文化冲突等等。
   In the new time table, there’s a clash between French and art.
   新课表上，法语课和艺术课时间有冲突。
   There was a clash of flavours in your dish. Chocolate and soy sauce?
   你做的这道菜里，有不协调的味道。巧克力和酱油？
   （2）当 clash 是动词时，它的意思有“冲突、斗争，意见或观念分歧，时间冲突，或者颜色或风格不协调，撞色”。请听例句。
   Examples
   The residents clashed with the party goers at the Notting Hill carnival.
   在诺丁山狂欢节上，当地居民和来参加聚会的人群发生了冲突。
   The chairman clashed with the shareholders over bonus payments for senior staff.
   公司主席与股东就高级职员的奖金问题产生了意见分歧。
   I had to change our lunch date, because it clashed with my job interview.
   因为和工作面试相冲突，我只好把午餐聚会改期了。
   I think this sofa clashes with the chair - the styles don’t match.
   我觉得这沙发和椅子不协调，风格不相配。

   Crash

   （1）当 crash 是名词时，它的意思包括“交通事故，巨大的声响，电子产品死机或停止工作，东西的价值暴跌”。请听例句。
   Examples
   The ambulance arrived at the scene within minutes of the car crash.
   救护车几分钟内就到达了车祸现场。
   We heard a big crash coming from the kitchen - my mum had dropped the baking tray accidentally.
   我们听到厨房传来一声巨响，是我的妈妈不小心掉了烤盘。
   IT system crashes can be costly to fix.
   电脑系统死机可能要花很多钱才能修复。
   My uncle lost all his savings in the recent stock market crash.
   我叔叔在最近的一次股票风暴中丧失了所有的积蓄。
   （2）当 crash 做为动词时，它的意思包括“激烈地碰撞，坠毁，死机/不工作，暴跌”。它还是“睡觉，住宿”的非正式用语。请听例句。
   Examples
   The truck crashed into a wall as it turned a corner, but luckily no one was hurt.
   卡车在拐角处撞上了一堵墙，幸运的是没有人受伤。
   Oh no, my tablet crashed again!
   哎呀！我的平板电脑怎么又死机了！
   Millions of pounds were wiped off the company’s value when its share price crashed.
   公司股票暴跌，一下子数百万英镑价值被抹去了。
   He crashed out on the couch after a night out.
   他出去玩了一个晚上，回来在沙发上睡着了。
   （3）当 crash 被做为形容词使用的时候，意思是“速成的”，形容需要在短期内花很多精力才能完成的事情。比如:
   I took a crash course in Portuguese before my new job starts in Brazil.
   在巴西的新工作开始之前，我参加了一门葡萄牙语速成班。
   link

2、6 minute vocabulary

Neil
Hello! Welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary. I'm Neil.

Catherine
And I'm Catherine. And today we're talking about hyphenation.

Neil
Hyphens are those little signs – like dashes – that we use in writing to join two words together.

Catherine
Yes, like in old-fashioned. There's always a hyphen between old and fashioned. Let's start with a clip from Brian. He's a news reporter, and he's reporting from a high school about an election.

Neil
Think about this question while you're listening: How does Brian describe the young people at the school? Here's Brian.

INSERT
Brian
I asked some eighteen-year-old students at this secondary school how they're voting in this year's election. They're all hard-working young people. Twenty-two of them are undecided and are likely to make a last-minute decision. But a sizable group say today's politicians are not well respected and their attitudes are out of date. Back to the studio.

Neil
So we asked you: How does Brian describe the young people at the school?  

Catherine
And the answer is: He says they are hard-working.

Neil
That means they work hard. Now there are lots of compound adjectives like hard-working that we make with an adjective or adverb like hard plus a present participle like working.

Catherine
And we always write them with a hyphen. So hard hyphen working (hard-working).

Neil
And we can make compound adjectives in other ways too. Listen to this clip for three more examples.

INSERT
Brian
I asked some eighteen-year-old students at this secondary school how they're voting in this year's election. Twenty-two of them are undecided and are likely to make a last-minute decision.

Catherine
First we had eighteen-year-old students. Eighteen-year-old is an adjective made from three words joined together with hyphens. When we write age before a noun, we use hyphens.

Neil
Eighteen hyphen year hyphen old (eighteen-year-old).

Catherine
Exactly. And it's the same with numbers; for example, we write the phrase a two-door car like this:

Neil
A two hyphen door car (a two-door car). But that's only for numbers before the noun. If you write: the students are eighteen years old, you don't need hyphens.

Catherine
Now, the second compound in that clip was twenty-two.

Neil
And the rule is: always use hyphens in numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine.

Catherine
Twenty hyphen one (twenty-one). Two hundred and ninety hyphen nine (two hundred and ninety-nine).

Neil
Good. Now the last compound adjective we had there was last-minute. The students were going to make a last-minute decision.

Catherine
And that's the adjective last plus the noun minute, joined with a hyphen. Now for another clip. Listen out for some more compound adjectives.

INSERT
Brian
A sizable group say today's politicians are not well respected and their attitudes are out of date.

Catherine
Well respected. That's an adverb, well, and the past participle of a verb, respected. And together, they make an adjective, and the two parts of the adjective need a hyphen when we write them before a noun.

Neil
So it's a well-respected politician, with a hyphen: well hyphen respected politician (well-respected politician).

Catherine
Yes. But in a phrase like the politicians were well respected we don't use a hyphen, because the adjective comes after the noun, not before. And that rule is the same for three-word compound adjectives like out-of-date.

Neil
So, the phrase out-of-date attitudes has hyphens because the adjective is before the noun, but the phrase their attitudes are out of date doesn't have hyphens.

Catherine
Exactly. And one last rule is that we never use hyphens in compound adjectives that have an adverb which ends in -l-y.

Neil
No, we don't. So in phrases like a carefully written letter we don't use hyphens.

Catherine
Now let's talk about compound nouns. In our clip, Brian was reporting from a secondary school. The phrase secondary school is a compound noun - and there's no hyphen in it.

Neil
No, there isn't. Most compound nouns are written as two separate words.

Catherine
If you're not sure, check in a good dictionary. 

IDENT         
6 Minute Vocabulary from the BBC.

Catherine
And it's time for a quiz! Number one: What's the compound adjective in this sentence and does it need a hyphen? We were late because of the slow-moving traffic.

Neil
Slow-moving is the compound adjective, and it needs a hyphen.

Catherine
Very good! And number two. Is there a hyphen in a forty-mile run? 

Neil
Yes, there is. Forty hyphen mile run (forty-mile run).

Catherine
Number three: The teacher was very well liked. Is there a hyphen in well liked?

Neil
We don't need a hyphen there.

Catherine
Well done if you got those right. And before we go, here's a vocabulary tip. When you are reading, make a note of compound adjectives and nouns with - and without - hyphens. Keep a list and check it regularly.

Neil
Yes. There's more about this at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again for more 6 Minute Vocabulary.

Both
Bye!