Java web开发中怎么把图片存入数据库

Posted 2023-05-16

两种方式：

把图片转换 ‘流数据’ 直接存在数据库图片字段中。

把图片 ‘流数据’ 存在文件夹内，数据库字段存对应图片地址。

第一种因为是直接存图片数据，写入读取比第二种慢，会占用数据库资源。

硬盘速度 > 数据库

图片转换成流数据，流转换成图片，具体方法你需要搞懂。看博客看到的。（我也没写过 [滑稽]）

参考技术A 图片一般不会存在数据库，放在数据库的是图片的资源地址（文件服务器上的某个Uri）。

如百度首页的Logo图片的地址：
https://ss0.bdstatic.com/5aV1bjqh_Q23odCf/static/superman/img/logo/logo_white_fe6da1ec.png

而你数据需要保存指定图片的相对地址即可，望参考。

参考技术B 两种方式，一种是把图片存到应用服务器路径，把路径字符串保存到数据库表里。另外一种，就是把图片存成BLOB类型字段存入数据库（有的数据库有专门的image类型用于存储图片）。一般项目都习惯用第一种方式，因为读取图片的速度比从数据库查询的快。 参考技术C 可以把图片存在第三方的服务器上，数据库存储url地址。 参考技术D 看数据库支不支持直接存图咯
不支持的把图片转化成二进制字节流存储到数据库就行啦

请进！！如何把绘制的图片直接以二进制流存入数据库（java）

我使用了java.awt.*;直接绘图 如下方法：public void generateImage(String text)throws IOException
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

if(rectColor == null) rectColor = new Color(0, 0, 0);
if(bgColor == null) bgColor = new Color(240, 251, 200);

//获取画布
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();

//画长方形
g.setColor(bgColor);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

//外框
g.setColor(rectColor);
g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);

//画字符串
drawer.draw(this, g, text);

//执行
g.dispose();

//输出图片结果
saveImage(image);

我能够输出绘制好的图形，可是怎么直接把绘制好的图形转化成二进制存入数据库，不用在机子上出现图片，只要存到数据库就行了。使用OutputStream？

参考技术A 怎样在mysql中存储比较大的图片？
如果你想把二进制的数据,比如说图片文件和HTML文件,直接保存在你的MySQL数据库，那么这篇文章就是为你而写的！我将告诉你怎样通过HTML表单来储存这些文件，怎样访问和使用这些文件。

一、本文概述

本文的主要内容如下：

＊ 在MySQL中建立一个新的数据库
＊ 一个怎样储存文件的例子程序
＊ 一个怎样访问文件的例子程序

二、在MySQL中建立一个新的database

首先，你必须在你的MySQL中建立一个新的数据库，我们将会把那些二进制文件储存在这个数据库里。在例子中我会使用下列结构，为了建立数据库，你必须做下列步骤：

1. 进入MySQL控制器
2. 输入命令"create database binary_data;"
3. 输入命令"use binary_data;"

输入如下命令：

"CREATE TABLE binary_data ( id INT(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,description CHAR(50), bin_data LONGBLOB, filename CHAR(50), filesize CHAR(50), filetype CHAR(50));" （不能断行）

如果没有意外，数据库 和 表 应该建立好了。

三、一个怎样储存文件的例子程序

用这个例子你可以通过Html表单将文件传输到数据库中。

store.php3

// store.php3 - by Florian Dittmer

?>

// 如果提交了表单，代码将被执行:

if ($submit)

// 连接到数据库
// (你可能需要调整主机名，用户名和密码)

MYSQL_CONNECT( "localhost", "root", "password");
MySQL_select_db( "binary_data");
$data = addslashes(fread(fopen($form_data, "r"), filesize($form_data)));
$result=MYSQL_QUERY( "INSERT INTO binary_data (description,bin_data,filename,filesize,filetype)VALUES ('$form_description','$data','$form_data_name','$form_data_size','$form_data_type')");
$id= MySQL_insert_id();
print "This file has the following Database ID: $id";
MYSQL_CLOSE();
else

// 否则显示储存新数据的表单

?>

@MySQL_select_db( "binary_data");
$query = "select bin_data,filetype from binary_data where id=$id";
$result = @MYSQL_QUERY($query);
$data = @MYSQL_RESULT($result,0, "bin_data");
$type = @MYSQL_RESULT($result,0, "filetype");
Header( "Content-type: $type");
echo $data;
;
?>
程序必须知道要访问那个文件， 你必须将ID作为一个参数。

例如: 一个文件在数据库中的ID为2. 你可以这样调用它: getdata.php3?id=2

如果你将图片储存在数据库里, 你可以向调用图片一样调用它。

Example: 一个图片文件在数据库中的ID为3. 你可以这样调用它:

五、怎样储存大于1MB的文件

如果你想储存大于1MB的文件，你必须对你的程序、PHP设置、SQL设置进行许多修改。

下面几条也许可以帮助你储存小于24MB的文件：

1) 修改 store.php3，将 MAX_FILE_SIZE 的值改成 24000000。

2) 修改你的PHP设置，在一般情况下，PHP只允许小于2MB的文件，你必须将max_filesize（在php.ini中）的值改成24000000

3) 去掉MYSQL的数据包大小限制,在一般情况下 MYSQL 小于1 MB的数据包。

4) 你必须用以下参数重启你的MYSQL ：/usr/local/bin/safe_MySQLd -O key_buffer=16M -O table_cache=128 -O sort_buffer=4M -O record_buffer=1M -O max_allowed_packet=24M

5) 如果仍然出错：可能是超时错误，如果你通过一个很慢的连接来储存一个很大的文件，PHP缺省的时间限制为30秒。你可以将max_execution_time(在php.ini中)的值改为-1

下面是一个老外写的，可以读

Saving Images in MySQL

Sometimes, it's more convenient to save images in a database than as files.
MySQL and PHP make it very easy to do this. In this article, I will describe
how to save images in a MySQL database and display them later on.

Setting up the database

The difference between any regular text or integer fields and a field that
needs to save an image is the amount of data that is needed to be held in the
field. MySQL uses special fields to hold large amounts of data. These fields
are known as blobs (blob).

Here is the BLOB definition from the MySQL site :

A BLOB is a binary large object that can hold a variable amount of data. The
four BLOB types TINYBLOB, BLOB, MEDIUMBLOB and LONGBLOB differ only in the
maximum length of the values they can hold

For more information about MySQL BLOBs check out
hapter/manual_Reference.html#BLOB

Use the next syntax to create a basic table that will hold the images:

CREATE TABLE Images (
PicNum int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Image BLOB
);

Setting the upload script

An example of a file upload front end can be seen at File Uploading by berber
(29/06/99). What we need now is the PHP script that will get the file and
insert it into MySQL. The next script does just that. In the script, I'm
assuming that the name of the file field is "icture".

<?
If($Picture != "none")
$PSize = filesize($Picture);
$mysqlPicture = addslashes(fread(fopen($Picture, "r"), $PSize));
unlink($Picture);
mysql_connect($host,$username,$password)
or die("Unable to connect to SQL server");
@mysql_select_db($db)
or die("Unable to select database");
mysql_query("INSERT INTO Images (Image) VALUES '($mysqlPicture')")
or die("Can't Perform Query");

else
echo"You did not upload any picture";

?>

This is all that is needed to enter the image into the database. Note that in
some cases you might get an error when you try to insert the image into
MySQL. In such a case you should check the maximum packet size allowed by
your MySQL ver. It might be too small and you will see an error about this in
the MySQL error log.

What we did in the above file is :

1. Check if a file was uploaded with If($Picture != "none").
2. addslashes() to the picture stream to avoide errors in MySQL.
3. Delete the temporary file.
3. Connect to MySQL, choose the database and insert the image.

Displaying the Images

Now that we know how to get the images into the database we need to figure
out how to get them out and display them. This is more complicated than
getting them in but if you follow these steps you will have this up and
running in no time.

Since showing a picture requires a header to be sent, we seem to be in an
impossible situation in which we can only show one picture and than we can't
show anymore Since once the headers are sent we can't send any more headers.

This is the tricky part. To outsmart the system we use two files. The first
file is the HTML template that knows where we want to display the image(s).
It's a regular PHP file, which builds the HTML that contains the <IMG> tags,
as we want to display them. The second file is called to provide the actual
file stream from the database directly into the SRC property of the <IMG>
tag.

This is how a simple script of the first type should look like:

<HTML>
<BODY>
<?
mysql_connect($host,$username,$password)
or die("Unable to connect to SQL server");
@mysql_select_db($db)
or die("Unable to select database");
mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Images")
or die("Can't Perform Query");
While($row=mysql_fetch_object($result))
echo "<IMG SRC=\"SecondType.php3?PicNum=$row->icNum\">";

?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

While the HTML is being displayed, the SecondType.php3 file is called for
each image we want to display. The script is called with the Picture ID
(PicNum) which allows us to fetch the image and display it.

The SecondType.php3 file looks like this :

<?
$result=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Images WHERE PicNum=$PicNum")
or die("Can't perform Query");
$row=mysql_fetch_object($result);
Header( "Content-type: image/gif");
echo $row->Image;
?>

This is the whole theory behind images and MySQL. The scripts in this example
are the basics. You can now enhance these scripts to include thumbnails, set
the images in various positions, enhance the database table to hold an ALT
field, Check the width and height of the images before you insert them into
the database and keep that data in the table too etc...