[Spring Boot] 5. Spring Boot中的ApplicationContext - 执行ApplicationContextInitializer初始化器
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前面已经对Spring Boot启动过程进行过源码分析,对于代表容器上下文的关键字段ApplicationContext只是一笔带过。实际上,它的生命周期才应该是重点关注的。
Spring Boot使用的ApplicationContext
分两种场景,常规应用和Web应用使用的上下文类型不一样:
- 常规应用:org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
- Web应用:org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext
从类型层次来看的话:
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(由Spring Context定义)
AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext(由Spring Boot定义)
从类图中可以发现,它们都有共同的父类GenericApplicationContext,在这地方出现了分支。
再谈ApplicationContextInitializer
在创建好了ApplicationContext之后,会进行prepare操作:
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner)
context.setEnvironment(environment);
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
applyInitializers(context);
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo)
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
// Add boot specific singleton beans
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments",
applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null)
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
// Load the sources
Set<Object> sources = getSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[sources.size()]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
这里面比较重要的就是调用注册的ApplicationContextInitializer实现。
/**
* Callback interface for initializing a Spring @link ConfigurableApplicationContext
* prior to being @linkplain ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh() refreshed.
*
* <p>Typically used within web applications that require some programmatic initialization
* of the application context. For example, registering property sources or activating
* profiles against the @linkplain ConfigurableApplicationContext#getEnvironment()
* context's environment. See @code ContextLoader and @code FrameworkServlet support
* for declaring a "contextInitializerClasses" context-param and init-param, respectively.
*
* <p>@code ApplicationContextInitializer processors are encouraged to detect
* whether Spring's @link org.springframework.core.Ordered Ordered interface has been
* implemented or if the @@link org.springframework.core.annotation.Order Order
* annotation is present and to sort instances accordingly if so prior to invocation.
*
* @author Chris Beams
* @since 3.1
* @see org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader#customizeContext
* @see org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader#CONTEXT_INITIALIZER_CLASSES_PARAM
* @see org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet#setContextInitializerClasses
* @see org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet#applyInitializers
*/
public interface ApplicationContextInitializer<C extends ConfigurableApplicationContext>
/**
* Initialize the given application context.
* @param applicationContext the application to configure
*/
void initialize(C applicationContext);
Javadoc比较长,提炼一下几个关键点:
- 本质上是一个回调接口,用于在ConfigurableApplicationContext执行refresh操作之前对它进行一些初始化操作
- 然后举例说明使用场景,比如Web应用中需要注册属性或者激活Profiles
- 它支持Spring中的Ordered接口以及@Order注解来对多个ApplicationContextInitializer实例进行排序,按照排序后的顺序依次执行回调(这一点后面代码中会看到)
Spring Boot中定义的6个ApplicationContextInitializer实现类
DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer
顾名思义,这个初始化器实际上将初始化的工作委托给context.initializer.classes环境变量指定的初始化器(通过类名):
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME = "context.initializer.classes";
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext context)
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = context.getEnvironment();
List<Class<?>> initializerClasses = getInitializerClasses(environment);
if (!initializerClasses.isEmpty())
applyInitializerClasses(context, initializerClasses);
private List<Class<?>> getInitializerClasses(ConfigurableEnvironment env)
String classNames = env.getProperty(PROPERTY_NAME);
List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
if (StringUtils.hasLength(classNames))
for (String className : StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(classNames, ","))
classes.add(getInitializerClass(className));
return classes;
这个初始化器的优先级是Spring Boot定义的6个初始化器中优先级别最高的,因此会被第一个执行。
ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer
它的作用是给ApplicationContext设置一个ID,这个ID的生成规则是尝试读取以下几个属性:
- spring.application.name
- vcap.application.name
- spring.config.name
如果不存在则使用application作为值。除此之外,还会在上面得到的结果后附加一个port或者index,同样也是读取属性:
- vcap.application.instance_index
- spring.application.index
- server.port
- PORT
所以一个可能的Context ID就是application:10001。
ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer
这个实现的作用是报告出常见的配置错误。
它的实现方式:
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext context)
context.addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(
new ConfigurationWarningsPostProcessor(getChecks()));
通过向context上下文对象中添加一个BeanFactoryPostProcessor,然后在refresh ApplicationContext的时候BeanFactoryPostProcessor会被调用到:
ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext)
applicationContext.addApplicationListener(
new ApplicationListener<EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent>()
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(
EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent event)
ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer.this
.onApplicationEvent(event);
);
它的作用是监听EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent类型的事件。然后将内嵌的Web服务器使用的端口给设置到ApplicationContext中。
同样地,是在ApplicationContext的refresh阶段,会触发上面的Listener:
SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer
它会创建一个用于在ConfigurationClassPostProcessor和Spring Boot间共享的CachingMetadataReaderFactory。
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext)
applicationContext.addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(
new CachingMetadataReaderFactoryPostProcessor());
同样也是通过增加BeanFactoryPostProcessor来实现。
AutoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer
功能是将ConditionEvaluationReport写入到log,一般的日志的级别是DEBUG,出问题的话使用INFO级别。通过增加ApplicationListener的方式实现。
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext)
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
applicationContext.addApplicationListener(new AutoConfigurationReportListener());
if (applicationContext instanceof GenericApplicationContext)
// Get the report early in case the context fails to load
this.report = ConditionEvaluationReport
.get(this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory());
// 响应事件的逻辑
// 只处理:ContextRefreshedEvent以及ApplicationFailedEvent两种类型的事件
protected void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event)
ConfigurableApplicationContext initializerApplicationContext = AutoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer.this.applicationContext;
if (event instanceof ContextRefreshedEvent)
if (((ApplicationContextEvent) event)
.getApplicationContext() == initializerApplicationContext)
logAutoConfigurationReport();
else if (event instanceof ApplicationFailedEvent)
if (((ApplicationFailedEvent) event)
.getApplicationContext() == initializerApplicationContext)
logAutoConfigurationReport(true);
Spring Boot定义的ApplicationContextInitializer如何排定执行顺序
在SpringApplication中有这么一个方法:
private <T> Collection<? extends T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args)
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<String>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
里面有一行代码:AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
这个sort方法会利用AnnotationAwareOrderComparator进行排序。
具体的实现可以去看源代码,就不贴在这里了。AnnotationAwareOrderComparator扩展自OrderComparator,从而能够支持@Order注解以及javax.annotation.Priority注解。OrderComparator已经可以支持Ordered接口了。
后者的排序规则如下:
- 基于Order值升序排序,反应的就是优先级的从高到底
- 对于拥有相同Order值的对象,任意顺序
- 对于不能排序的对象(没有实现Ordered接口,没有@Order注解或者@Priority注解),会排在最后,因为这类对象的优先级是最低的
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