抛弃mysql模糊查询，使用sphinx做专业索引

Posted 2022-12-06 Liberal-man

Sphinx是一个基于SQL的全文检索引擎，可以结合mysql,PostgreSQL做全文搜索，提供比数据库本身更专业的搜索功能特别为MySQL也设计了一个存储引擎插件，从此抛弃模糊查询吧。

Sphinx 单一索引最大可包含1亿条记录，在1千万条记录情况下的查询速度为0.x秒（毫秒级）。Sphinx创建100万条记录的索引只要 3、4分钟，创建1000万条记录的索引可以在50分钟内完成，而重建一次只包含最新10万条记录的增量索引只需几十秒。

一、安装

环境：centos6.5

yum install sphinx -y

默认配置路径 /etc/sphinx/ ，在该路径下，有配置文件sphinx.conf，看看我的配置

# 数据源，这里配置的是mysql
source src1

    type            = mysql

    sql_host        = localhost
    sql_user        = root
    sql_pass        =
    sql_db          = beego_blog
    sql_port        = 3306  # optional, default is 3306

    # 创建索引时候，从数据库查询数据的SQL
    sql_query       = \\
        SELECT id, userid, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(posttime) AS posttime, title, content, tags \\
        FROM tb_post

    sql_attr_uint       = userid
    sql_attr_timestamp  = posttime

    sql_query_info      = SELECT * FROM tb_post WHERE id=$id


# 索引1
index test1

    # 指定数据源
    source          = src1
    # 索引文件路径
    path            = /var/lib/sphinx/test1
    # 储文档信息的方式 extern
    docinfo         = extern
    charset_type    = sbcs


# 索引2
index testrt

    type            = rt
    rt_mem_limit    = 32M

    path            = /var/lib/sphinx/testrt
    charset_type    = utf-8

    rt_field        = title
    rt_field        = content
    rt_attr_uint    = userid



indexer

    mem_limit       = 32M



searchd

    listen          = 0.0.0.0:9312 # 索引对外提供服务的地址
    listen          = 9306:mysql41
    log             = /var/log/sphinx/searchd.log
    query_log       = /var/log/sphinx/query.log
    read_timeout    = 5
    max_children    = 30
    pid_file        = /var/run/sphinx/searchd.pid
    max_matches     = 1000
    seamless_rotate = 1
    preopen_indexes = 1
    unlink_old      = 1
    workers         = threads # for RT to work
    binlog_path     = /var/lib/sphinx

生成索引，这里我们用上文配置的索引名称test1来从mysql获取数据。因此，我们先在myslq中，创建表和数据

CREATE TABLE `tb_post` (
  `id` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userid` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '用户id',
  `title` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '标题',
  `content` mediumtext NOT NULL COMMENT '内容',
  `tags` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '标签',
  `posttime` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '发布时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
INSERT INTO `tb_post` VALUES ('1', '1', 'epoll边沿触发漏报消息包问题', '开发一个即时通讯后台，底层的网络收发使用 epoll + main loop实现网络事件', ',技术,', '2016-08-05 11:50:02');
INSERT INTO `tb_post` VALUES ('2', '1', 'epoll 边沿触发和水平触发区别实战讲解', 'epoll，看结果发现只接入了两条，还有3条没接入。说明高并发时，会出现客户端连接不上的问题。', ',技术,', '2016-08-05 22:03:23');
INSERT INTO `tb_post` VALUES ('3', '1', '快速排序算法', '快速排序算法是一个挺经典的算法，值得我们学习', ',技术,', '2016-08-05 23:08:00');

创建索引

[root@centos6 data]# indexer test1
Sphinx 2.0.8-id64-release (r3831)
Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff
Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)

using config file '/etc/sphinx/sphinx.conf'...
indexing index 'test1'...
collected 37 docs, 0.8 MB
sorted 0.1 Mhits, 100.0% done
total 37 docs, 833156 bytes
total 0.082 sec, 10061176 bytes/sec, 446.81 docs/sec
total 3 reads, 0.000 sec, 57.7 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
total 9 writes, 0.000 sec, 40.2 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg

可以看索引了37条文档，我们可以在命令行测试下效果

[root@centos6 libertyblog]# search epoll|more
Sphinx 2.0.8-id64-release (r3831)
Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff
Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)

using config file '/etc/sphinx/sphinx.conf'...
index 'test1': query 'epoll ': returned 2 matches of 2 total in 0.000 sec

displaying matches:
1. document=59, weight=2831, userid=1, posttime=Fri Aug  5 22:03:23 2016
        id=59
        userid=1
        title=epoll ???????????????
        content=开发一个即时通讯后台，底层的网络收发使用 epoll + main loop实现网络事件
......

结果匹配到了两条数据，篇幅有限，就不全列出来了。数据 1. document=59, weight=2831 表示该索引文档编号59，权重2831。以上是命令行操作，如果我们要对外提供服务，还需要启动searchd服务进程

[root@centos6 data]# service searchd start
正在启动 searchd：Sphinx 2.0.8-id64-release (r3831)
Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff
Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)

using config file '/etc/sphinx/sphinx.conf'...
WARNING: compat_sphinxql_magics=1 is deprecated; please update your application and config
listening on 127.0.0.1:9312
listening on all interfaces, port=9306
precaching index 'test1'
precaching index 'testrt'                                   
precached 2 indexes in 0.002 sec
                                                           [确定]

启动成功，绑定了端口9312，我们查看下状态

[root@centos6 data]# searchd --status
Sphinx 2.0.8-id64-release (r3831)
Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff
Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)

using config file '/etc/sphinx/sphinx.conf'...

searchd status
--------------
uptime: 252 
connections: 1 
maxed_out: 0 
command_search: 0 
command_excerpt: 0 
command_update: 0 
command_keywords: 0 
command_persist: 0 
command_status: 1 
command_flushattrs: 0 
agent_connect: 0 
agent_retry: 0 
queries: 0 
dist_queries: 0 
query_wall: 0.000 
query_cpu: OFF 
dist_wall: 0.000 
dist_local: 0.000 
dist_wait: 0.000 
query_reads: OFF 
query_readkb: OFF 
query_readtime: OFF 
avg_query_wall: 0.000 
avg_query_cpu: OFF 
avg_dist_wall: 0.000 
avg_dist_local: 0.000 
avg_dist_wait: 0.000 
avg_query_reads: OFF 
avg_query_readkb: OFF 
avg_query_readtime: OFF 

现在我们用一个第三方客户端访问该服务(golang语言开发)

package main

import (
    "github.com/yunge/sphinx"
    "log"
)

func main() 
    SphinxClient := sphinx.NewClient().SetServer("localhost", 0).SetConnectTimeout(5000)
    if err := SphinxClient.Error(); err != nil 
        log.Fatal(err)
        return
    

    // 查询，第一个参数是我们要查询的关键字，第二个是索引名称test1，第三个是备注
    res, err := SphinxClient.Query("epoll", "test1", "search article!")
    if err != nil 
        log.Fatal(err)
        return
    
    var article_ids string
    for _, match := range res.Matches 
        article_ids += fmt.Sprintf("%d,", match.DocId)
    

    log.Println(article_ids)
    SphinxClient.Close()

打印结果，是 1 2 ，这两个id，没有id为3的，说明索引查找是准确的，因为3里面没有epoll这个单词，而1和2里面都有epoll。至此，我们的测试完成，可以把此功能和自己网站的搜索框对接，以前都是用模糊查询的方式，在数据库中 like ‘%’ 某某，这样效率其实很低，数据多的时候要等半天，现在用第三方索引来实现，速度快好几个量级。

如果有新的数据插入，或者更新数据，是需要做 增量索引 的，很简单

[root@centos6 data]# indexer --rotate test1
Sphinx 2.0.8-id64-release (r3831)
Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff
Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)

using config file '/etc/sphinx/sphinx.conf'...
indexing index 'test1'...
collected 37 docs, 0.8 MB
sorted 0.1 Mhits, 100.0% done
total 37 docs, 833156 bytes
total 0.081 sec, 10184036 bytes/sec, 452.26 docs/sec
total 3 reads, 0.000 sec, 57.7 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
total 9 writes, 0.000 sec, 40.2 kb/call avg, 0.1 msec/call avg
rotating indices: successfully sent SIGHUP to searchd (pid=12074).

最好把增量索引的操作放到crontab中，定时做增量，以保持索引最新。以下是每天2点做一次增量索引

0 2 * * * indexer --rotate test1

---

创建于 2015-08-10 杭州，更新于 2016-08-19 杭州

该文章在以下平台同步
- >LIBERALMAN:http://api.liberalman.cn:40000/article/69
- >CSDN:http://blog.csdn.net/socho/article/details/52251177
- >简书:http://www.jianshu.com/p/5dff17e2da7b

• [ ] 引用