计算机软件，CentOS 6,是啥？

Posted 2023-05-12

tags:

篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了计算机软件，CentOS 6,是啥？相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

参考技术A CentOS，也叫做社区企业操作系统，是企业Linux发行版领头羊Red Hat Enterprise Linux（以下称之为RHEL）的再编译版本。RHEL是很多企业采用的Linux发行版本，但是如果想得到RedHat的服务与技术支持，用户必须向Red Hat付费才可以。CentOS的开发者们使用Red Hat Linux的源代码创造了一个和RHEL近乎相同的Linux。但是一切和RedHat有关的商标都被去除了，因为RedHat不允许他们这样做。CentOS是免费的，你可以使用它像使用RHEL一样去构筑企业级的Linux系统环境，但不需要向RedHat付任何的费用。目前，CentOS的技术支持主要通过社区的官方邮件列表、论坛和聊天室来提供。追问

CentOS的界面就是黑色那个只能输入命令的界面吗

本回答被提问者和网友采纳参考技术B 是操作系统。追问

我正在VMware里安装

出现问题了，起不来

想问你个问题，哪个键可以打开CentOS 6的Bios

追答

你是在虚拟机里运行的吗？

追问

是的

我已经进入BIOS

追答

它报什么错

追问

我设置好了，想用ISO启动

追答

你给个图给我

追问

谢谢你，弄好了

可以加我为好友吗以？以后想你请教，我是信息学院的大二学生
101 49 07148

CentOS7自有服务和软件包

什么是服务

什么是程序（Computer Program）？
全称计算机程序或电脑程式，简称程序，是一组计算机能识别和执行的指令
什么是进程（Process）？
计算机程序关于某数据集合上的一次运行活动
什么是服务？
特定的进程
什么是自有服务？
Linux系统开机后自动运行的服务
例如：SSH服务

管理服务的命令：systemctl

列出服务

列出所有服务（含启动和冇启动的）

systemctl list-units --type service --all

列出所有启动的服务

systemctl list-units --type service

列出指定服务

systemctl list-units --type service mysqld.service

UNIT	LOAD	ACTIVE	SUB	DESCRIPTION
mysqld.service	loaded	active	running	MySQL Server

列	原文	译文
LOAD	Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded	单元是否被正确加载
ACTIVE	The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB	高级单元活跃状态
SUB	The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type	低级单元活跃状态

显示所有已安装的单元文件

systemctl list-unit-files

服务启停

systemctl 选项 服务名

选项	说明
start	启动
stop	停止
restart	重启

开机自动启动服务

允许指定服务开机自启

systemctl enable 服务名

禁用指定服务开机自启

systemctl disable 服务名

服务状态

systemctl status 服务名

例如：systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-11-16 19:55:58 CST; 21h ago
  Process: 9065 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 8991 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9069 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─9069 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

软件包

软件安装包，有：源码包和二进制包
源码包：因为计算机只识别机器语言，所以要将源码编译为机器语言才能安装
二进制包：源码包经过成功编译之后产生的包，可直接安装

RPM

全称：RedHat Package Manager
作用
对Linux软件包进行管理，包括：查询、卸载、安装、更新
RPM依赖：如果软件A 依赖软件B，就要先装B再装A 才能使A可运行

# 查询
rpm -q|--query [select-options] [query-options]
# 安装
rpm -i|--install [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
# 升级
rpm -U|--upgrade [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
# 删除
rpm -e|--erase [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...

查询安装了什么软件

查询全部软件

rpm -qa

查询指定名称的软件

rpm -qa | grep 软件名称

-a或--all：Query all installed packages.

卸载某个软件

rpm -e 软件的完整名称

安装某个软件

rpm -ivh 软件包名称

参数	说明
`-v`	打印详细信息
`-h`或`hash`	显示安装进度（要配合`-v`使用）

查询文件所属的包名

rpm -qf 被查询的文件

例如：rpm -qf /var/lib/mysql

查询软件安装后，生成了哪些文件

rpm -ql 软件名称

例如：rpm -ql mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/etc/my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf.d
/usr/bin/innochecksum
/usr/bin/lz4_decompress
/usr/bin/my_print_defaults
/usr/bin/myisam_ftdump
/usr/bin/myisamchk
/usr/bin/myisamlog
/usr/bin/myisampack
/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
/usr/bin/mysql_plugin
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
/usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
/usr/bin/mysql_upgrade
/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
/usr/bin/mysqldumpslow
/usr/bin/perror
/usr/bin/replace
/usr/bin/resolve_stack_dump
/usr/bin/resolveip
/usr/bin/zlib_decompress
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld@.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/mysql.conf
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/char.bin
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/dicrc
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/left-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/matrix.bin
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/pos-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/rewrite.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/right-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/sys.dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_euc-jp/unk.dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/char.bin
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/dicrc
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/left-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/matrix.bin
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/pos-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/rewrite.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/right-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/sys.dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_sjis/unk.dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/char.bin
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/dicrc
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/left-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/matrix.bin
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/pos-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/rewrite.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/right-id.def
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/sys.dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/dic/ipadic_utf-8/unk.dic
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/etc
/usr/lib64/mysql/mecab/etc/mecabrc
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/adt_null.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/auth_socket.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/adt_null.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/auth_socket.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/ha_example.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/innodb_engine.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/keyring_file.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/keyring_udf.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/libmemcached.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/libpluginmecab.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/locking_service.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/mypluglib.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/mysql_no_login.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/mysqlx.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/rewrite_example.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/rewriter.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/semisync_master.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/semisync_slave.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/validate_password.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/debug/version_token.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/ha_example.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/innodb_engine.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/keyring_file.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/keyring_udf.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/libmemcached.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/libpluginmecab.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/locking_service.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/mypluglib.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/mysql_no_login.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/mysqlx.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/rewrite_example.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/rewriter.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/semisync_master.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/semisync_slave.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/validate_password.so
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/version_token.so
/usr/sbin/mysqld
/usr/sbin/mysqld-debug
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16/INFO_BIN
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16/INFO_SRC
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16/README
/usr/share/doc/mysql-community-server-5.7.16/my-default.cnf
/usr/share/man/man1/innochecksum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/lz4_decompress.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/my_print_defaults.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisam_ftdump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisamchk.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisamlog.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/myisampack.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.server.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_install_db.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_plugin.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_secure_installation.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_upgrade.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldumpslow.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlman.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/perror.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/replace.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/resolve_stack_dump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/resolveip.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/zlib_decompress.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/mysqld.8.gz
/usr/share/mysql/dictionary.txt
/usr/share/mysql/fill_help_tables.sql
/usr/share/mysql/innodb_memcached_config.sql
/usr/share/mysql/install_rewriter.sql
/usr/share/mysql/magic
/usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/mysql-log-rotate
/usr/share/mysql/mysql_security_commands.sql
/usr/share/mysql/mysql_sys_schema.sql
/usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables.sql
/usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables_data.sql
/usr/share/mysql/mysql_test_data_timezone.sql
/usr/share/mysql/uninstall_rewriter.sql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql-files
/var/lib/mysql-keyring
/var/run/mysqld