比较几个 C 语言协程实现

Posted 2022-12-04 车斗

比较几个 C 语言协程实现

coroutine.h

作者：

https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/coroutines.html

这个是用宏方式实现的。用于对资源紧张的客户端。

protothreads

另外一个可选的协程实现是 protothreads （pt)：

http://dunkels.com/adam/download/pt-1.4.tar.gz

这些用在客户端都合适，极轻量级，跨windows/linux/arm平台。

libdill & libmill

这个适合编写服务端协程程序。

http://libdill.org/

在 Linux 编译非常简单：

$ wget http://libdill.org/libdill-2.14.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf libdill-2.14.tar.gz 
$ cd libdill-2.14
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install

在 Windows 上用 mingw64，我按下面的方式编译成功（未做使用测试）：

$ wget http://libdill.org/libdill-2.14.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf libdill-2.14.tar.gz 
$ cd libdill-2.14
$ ./configure

• DEBUG：

    $ ./libtool --tag=CC --mode=link x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -std=gnu99 -fvisibility=hidden -DDILL_EXPORTS -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=0 -g -O2 -no-undefined -version-info 3:0:0  -o libdill.la -rpath /mingw64/lib -lWs2_32
  

• RELEASE：

    $ ./libtool --tag=CC --mode=link x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -std=gnu99 -fvisibility=hidden -DDILL_EXPORTS -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=0 -O3 -no-undefined -version-info 3:0:0  -o libdill.la -rpath /mingw64/lib -lWs2_32
  

生成结果在 .libs/ 目录里：

libdill.a  libdill.dll.a  libdill.la  libdill.lai  libdill-3.dll

建立在它之上有一个有名的类似 go 的协程库: libmill，它可用像写go 一样写C协程程序。

http://libmill.org/

libdill 功能非常强大，编译时根据可以需要裁剪。

state-threads

网络服务器使用以上协程库，都力不从心，推荐 state-threads，这个是用协程库实现的网络服务器，高可用，高性能，可用根据需要在上面定制：

http://state-threads.sourceforge.net/

Windows 版本64位不好用（32位好像可用），Linux 版本测试可用。

coroutine.h 的源码

如果仅仅写个简单的协程测试程序，建议使用 coroutine.h 或者 protothreads。下面是 coroutine.h 的源码，亲测可用。VS 编译时会报错误：

error C2051: case expression not constant

解决方法就是编译器配置的问题，只需要在项目属性配置页：C++/常规general/调式格式信息debug info format 中设置为：程序数据库/Zi （切记不使用：用于编辑并继续的…/ZI）

/* coroutine.h
 * 
 * Coroutine mechanics, implemented on top of standard ANSI C. See
 * https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/coroutines.html for
 * a full discussion of the theory behind this.
 * 
 * To use these macros to define a coroutine, you need to write a
 * function that looks something like this.
 * 
 * [Simple version using static variables (scr macros)]
 * int ascending (void) 
 *    static int i;
 * 
 *    scrBegin;
 *    for (i=0; i<10; i++) 
 *       scrReturn(i);
 *    
 *    scrFinish(-1);
 * 
 * 
 * [Re-entrant version using an explicit context structure (ccr macros)]
 * int ascending (ccrContParam) 
 *    ccrBeginContext;
 *    int i;
 *    ccrEndContext(foo);
 *
 *    ccrBegin(foo);
 *    for (foo->i=0; foo->i<10; foo->i++) 
 *       ccrReturn(foo->i);
 *    
 *    ccrFinish(-1);
 * 
 * 
 * In the static version, you need only surround the function body
 * with `scrBegin' and `scrFinish', and then you can do `scrReturn'
 * within the function and on the next call control will resume
 * just after the scrReturn statement. Any local variables you need
 * to be persistent across an `scrReturn' must be declared static.
 * 
 * In the re-entrant version, you need to declare your persistent
 * variables between `ccrBeginContext' and `ccrEndContext'. These
 * will be members of a structure whose name you specify in the
 * parameter to `ccrEndContext'.
 * 
 * The re-entrant macros will malloc() the state structure on first
 * call, and free() it when `ccrFinish' is reached. If you want to
 * abort in the middle, you can use `ccrStop' to free the state
 * structure immediately (equivalent to an explicit return() in a
 * caller-type routine).
 * 
 * A coroutine returning void type may call `ccrReturnV',
 * `ccrFinishV' and `ccrStopV', or `scrReturnV', to avoid having to
 * specify an empty parameter to the ordinary return macros.
 * 
 * Ground rules:
 *  - never put `ccrReturn' or `scrReturn' within an explicit `switch'.
 *  - never put two `ccrReturn' or `scrReturn' statements on the same
 *    source line.
 * 
 * The caller of a static coroutine calls it just as if it were an
 * ordinary function:
 * 
 * void main(void) 
 *    int i;
 *    do 
 *       i = ascending();
 *       printf("got number %d\\n", i);
 *     while (i != -1);
 * 
 * 
 * The caller of a re-entrant coroutine must provide a context
 * variable:
 * 
 * void main(void) 
 *    ccrContext z = 0;
 *    do 
 *       printf("got number %d\\n", ascending (&z));
 *     while (z);
 * 
 * 
 * Note that the context variable is set back to zero when the
 * coroutine terminates (by crStop, or by control reaching
 * crFinish). This can make the re-entrant coroutines more useful
 * than the static ones, because you can tell when they have
 * finished.
 * 
 * If you need to dispose of a crContext when it is non-zero (that
 * is, if you want to stop calling a coroutine without suffering a
 * memory leak), the caller should call `ccrAbort(ctx)' where `ctx'
 * is the context variable.
 * 
 * This mechanism could have been better implemented using GNU C
 * and its ability to store pointers to labels, but sadly this is
 * not part of the ANSI C standard and so the mechanism is done by
 * case statements instead. That's why you can't put a crReturn()
 * inside a switch() statement.
 */

/*
 * coroutine.h is copyright 1995,2000 Simon Tatham.
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
 * conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SIMON TATHAM BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 * 
 * $Id$
 */

#ifndef COROUTINE_H
#define COROUTINE_H

#include <stdlib.h>


/**
 * MSVC: error C2051: case expression not constant __LINE__
 *
 * Project -> C/C++/General -> Debug info format = /Zi (NOT ZI) 
 */

/*
 * `scr' macros for static coroutines.
 */

#define scrBegin         static int scrLine = 0; switch(scrLine)  case 0:;
#define scrFinish(z)      return (z)
#define scrFinishV        return

#define scrReturn(z)     \\
        do \\
            scrLine=__LINE__;\\
            return (z); case __LINE__:;\\
         while (0)
#define scrReturnV       \\
        do \\
            scrLine=__LINE__;\\
            return; case __LINE__:;\\
         while (0)

/*
 * `ccr' macros for re-entrant coroutines.
 */

#define ccrContParam     void **ccrParam

#define ccrBeginContext  struct ccrContextTag  int ccrLine
#define ccrEndContext(x)  *x = (struct ccrContextTag *)*ccrParam

#define ccrBegin(x)      if(!x) x= *ccrParam=malloc(sizeof(*x)); x->ccrLine=0;\\
                         if (x) switch(x->ccrLine)  case 0:;
#define ccrFinish(z)      free(*ccrParam); *ccrParam=0; return (z)
#define ccrFinishV        free(*ccrParam); *ccrParam=0; return

#define ccrReturn(z)     \\
        do \\
            ((struct ccrContextTag *)*ccrParam)->ccrLine=__LINE__;\\
            return (z); case __LINE__:;\\
         while (0)
#define ccrReturnV       \\
        do \\
            ((struct ccrContextTag *)*ccrParam)->ccrLine=__LINE__;\\
            return; case __LINE__:;\\
         while (0)

#define ccrStop(z)       do free(*ccrParam); *ccrParam=0; return (z); while(0)
#define ccrStopV         do free(*ccrParam); *ccrParam=0; return; while(0)

#define ccrContext       void *
#define ccrAbort(ctx)    do  free (ctx); ctx = 0;  while (0)

#endif /* COROUTINE_H */