SpringMVC创建JSP页面的详细过程+配置模板+实现页面跳转+配置Tomcat。JSP和HTML配置模板的差异对比

Posted 2022-11-30

1、创建Maven项目

2、填写项目基本信息、完成创建

3、导入POM依赖

打包方式设置为War包

  <packaging>war</packaging>

依赖、可自行添加需要jar包依赖

 <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringMVC -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- ServletAPI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

4、选择项目结构

5、创建web.xml

如果创建的项目无法展开目录、请重启IDEA、或者清缓存

6、点击应用apply、查看项目是否创建成功

7、配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--配置过滤器编码-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- 配置SpringMVC的前端控制器，对浏览器发送的请求统一进行处理 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称 -->
        <init-param>
            <!-- contextConfigLocation为固定值 -->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!-- 使用classpath:表示从类路径查找配置文件，例如maven工程中的
            src/main/resources -->
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--
        作为框架的核心组件，在启动过程中有大量的初始化操作要做
        而这些操作放在第一次请求时才执行会严重影响访问速度
        因此需要通过此标签将启动控制DispatcherServlet的初始化时间提前到服务器启动时
        -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <!--
        设置springMVC的核心控制器所能处理的请求的请求路径
        /所匹配的请求可以是/login或.html或.js或.css方式的请求路径
        但是/不能匹配.jsp请求路径的请求
        -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

8、配置模板解析器

springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--扫描组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zyz.mvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>



</beans>

9、配置包templates

10、创建index.jsp

创建的index.jsp页面是和WEB-INFP平级

index.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Lenovo
  Date: 2022/11/29
  Time: 10:11
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是我的首页
</body>
</html>

11、 基本的目录结构

12、配置Tomcat

12.1 点击Run、选择Edit Configurations...

12.2 基本信息配置

12.3 点击apply

13、启动tomcat

14、启动成功进入首页

15、如何实现请求转发页面跳转

15.1 创建controller 控制请求跳转

TestJsp.java

package com.zyz.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @author zyz
 * @version 1.0
 * @data 2022/11/29 10:13
 * @Description:
 */
@Controller
public class TestJsp 
    @RequestMapping("/success")
    public String success()
        return "success";
    

15.2 创建跳转后页面

改页面要创建在templates下、否则模板解析器解释不到

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Lenovo
  Date: 2022/11/29
  Time: 10:27
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
这里是成功页面
</body>
</html>

15.3 跳转连接

index.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Lenovo
  Date: 2022/11/29
  Time: 10:11
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是我的首页
<a rel="nofollow" href="$pageContext.request.contextPath/success">success.jsp</a>
</body>
</html>

15.4 页面效果

15.5 点击跳转

16、最终完整的项目结构介绍

目录结构、请确保目录结构正确、否则也会导致运行项目失败

17、JSP模板解析和HTML模板解析对比

HTML模板解析

    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
          class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

18、后语

学无止境。。。。。。