Android关于Task的一些实践之SingleTask, SingleInstance和TaskAffinity

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上一篇文章粗略地介绍了一下关于android中Task的基本知识。只是实践才是检验真理的唯一标准,所以。今天就来试验一下Task中的launchMode是否真的实现了文档所说的那样。

首先。定义三个Activity。MainActivity打开SecondActivity,SecondActivity打开ThirdActivity,例如以下所看到的:

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以下。我们定义Second Activity的Launch Mode。分别有以下几种情况:

1)Standard(即不定义)

首先是默认情况下。什么都不定义。例如以下:

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity">
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity" >
        </activity>
    </application>
顺序打开三个Activity,看看结果:

04-21 15:23:28.373: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Task : 70
04-21 15:23:28.373: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-21 15:23:28.373: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-21 15:23:28.373: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Number of activities : 1
04-21 15:23:28.373: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Number of running activities: 1
04-21 15:23:31.336: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Task : 70
04-21 15:23:31.336: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-21 15:23:31.336: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-21 15:23:31.336: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Number of activities : 2
04-21 15:23:31.336: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Number of running activities: 2
04-21 15:23:33.999: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Task : 70
04-21 15:23:33.999: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-21 15:23:33.999: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity}
04-21 15:23:33.999: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Number of activities : 3
04-21 15:23:33.999: V/com.lms.taskdemo(20473): Number of running activities: 3

能够看到三个Activity,都是在同个Task中的。

2)SingleTask

为Second Activity,定义其launch mode 为 “singleTask”。例如以下:

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleTask">
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity" >
        </activity>
    </application>

再来看看其结果,例如以下:

04-22 10:31:26.197: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Task : 162
04-22 10:31:26.217: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:31:26.217: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:31:26.217: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:31:26.217: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:31:31.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Task : 162
04-22 10:31:31.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:31:31.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:31:31.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Number of activities : 2
04-22 10:31:31.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Number of running activities: 2
04-22 10:31:32.884: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Task : 162
04-22 10:31:32.884: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:31:32.884: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity}
04-22 10:31:32.884: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Number of activities : 3
04-22 10:31:32.884: V/com.lms.taskdemo(924): Number of running activities: 2

发现尽管定义了SingleTask,但Second Activity和Main Activity还是在同一个Task中。这跟我们期望的不符。原因事实上在于,设置了launchMode = SingleTask启动的Activity,在启动的时候,会去查找跟它的taskAffinity同样的task,假设存在这样一个task,就在这个task中启动,假设不存在这样一个task,才创建一个新的task,并在新task中启动。

而在这里,由于没有为各个activity定义taskAffinity,那么默认的affinity值就是包名,那么几个Activity都是一样的,所以就在相同的Task中启动了。

3)Single Task Different Task Affinity

以下。我们分别为Main Activity和 Second Activity设置不同的TaskAffinity值,例如以下:

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:taskAffinity="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleTask"
            android:taskAffinity="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity" >
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity" >
        </activity>
    </application>

以下是结果,启动的顺序是Main Activity->Second Activity->Main Activity -> Second Activity -> Third Activity

04-22 10:26:27.818: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Task : 151
04-22 10:26:27.818: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:26:27.818: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:26:27.818: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:26:27.818: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:26:31.362: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Task : 152
04-22 10:26:31.362: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:26:31.362: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:26:31.372: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:26:31.372: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:26:36.558: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Task : 151
04-22 10:26:36.558: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:26:36.558: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:26:36.558: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:26:36.558: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:26:39.401: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Task : 153
04-22 10:26:39.401: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:26:39.401: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:26:39.401: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:26:39.401: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:26:41.123: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Task : 153
04-22 10:26:41.123: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:26:41.123: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity}
04-22 10:26:41.123: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of activities : 2
04-22 10:26:41.123: V/com.lms.taskdemo(32677): Number of running activities: 2

在上面的结果中,能够看到在启动Second Activity的时候,的确是在一个新的Task中启动了。Second Activity是这个Task中的根Activity。而由Second Activity启动的Third Activity也是在这个Task中启动的。

4)Single Instance

以下,我们再来看看Single Instance,相同的,先不定义Task Affinity。在AndroidManifest文件里定义例如以下:
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance">
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity" >
        </activity>
    </application>

以下是结果:
04-22 10:29:43.207: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Task : 159
04-22 10:29:43.207: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:29:43.207: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:29:43.207: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:29:43.207: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:29:46.580: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Task : 160
04-22 10:29:46.580: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:29:46.580: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:29:46.580: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:29:46.580: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:29:48.202: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Task : 159
04-22 10:29:48.202: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:29:48.202: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity}
04-22 10:29:48.202: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of activities : 2
04-22 10:29:48.202: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:29:57.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Task : 160
04-22 10:29:57.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:29:57.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:29:57.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:29:57.112: V/com.lms.taskdemo(682): Number of running activities: 1
能够看到启动Second Activity的时候,是在新的Task中,而当启动Third Activity的时候,它又跑回原来的Task中去了。这是跟文档描写叙述中符合的。的确是新建的Task中仅仅能有且仅有一个Activity。

而因为我们未定义Task Affinity,所以当启动Third Activity的时候。它就会去找同样Affinity的task,所以就会找到原来的Task。也即是说,假设定义了TaskAffinity的话,那以Third Activity就应该在新的Task中创建了,以下就来验证一下。


5)Single Instance Different Affinity

在配置文件里定义例如以下:
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:taskAffinity="com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:taskAffinity="com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity" >
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity" >
        </activity>
    </application>

以下来看看结果,例如以下:
04-22 10:27:58.866: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Task : 155
04-22 10:27:58.866: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:27:58.866: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.MainActivity}
04-22 10:27:58.866: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:27:58.866: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:28:00.677: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Task : 156
04-22 10:28:00.677: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:28:00.677: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.SecondActivity}
04-22 10:28:00.677: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:28:00.677: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Number of running activities: 1
04-22 10:28:02.309: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Task : 157
04-22 10:28:02.309: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Base activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity}
04-22 10:28:02.309: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Current activity : ComponentInfo{com.lms.taskdemo/com.lms.taskdemo.ThirdActivity}
04-22 10:28:02.309: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Number of activities : 1
04-22 10:28:02.309: V/com.lms.taskdemo(391): Number of running activities: 1

果然。如我们期望的那样,都是在一个新的Task中启动当前的Activity的。


总结:

当使用Launch Mode 来改变系统默认的任务调度的时候。假设是用到Single Task或者Single Instance的时候,还要注意到Affinity的使用,要跟Affinity配合使用。可能才干达到我们期望中的效果。而Affinity,事实上是Android提供的一个表从属意义的參数,类似于一个Tag值,它表明当前Activity属于哪一个Tag,相当的Affinity值的Activity。假设不使用其它的标志,如Single Instance之类,那么都会在存在于同一个task中。普通情况下,我们并不定义Task Affinity值。则其默认的值就是当前App的包名。

结束。














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