#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# [番外]一起学做FlappyBird

Posted 2022-11-18

#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# [番外]一起学做FlappyBird

作者：王石

简介

记得很久以前有个大火的像素游戏叫FlappyBird，我们就一起看看如何能用OpenHarmony学习做个FlappyBird。本文中引用的图片资源均来自与Github。

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开发

1. HAP应用建立

《#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙#[六]如何编写一个hap应用》里我们介绍了简单的Hap应用的开发以及基础控件的介绍，这里我们就不赘述Hap项目的建立过程，以下就是基础的Hap的page文件：index.ets

  build() 
    Row() 
      Column() 
        Canvas(this.context)
          .width(100%)
          .height(100%)
          .onClick((ev: ClickEvent) => 
            console.info("click!!")
            //响应鼠标左击
            this.doClick()
          )
          .onReady(() =>
            //绘制基础
            this.context.imageSmoothingEnabled = false
            this.drawBlock()
          )
      
      .width(100%)
    
    .height(100%)
    .backgroundImage($r("app.media.backgroundday"))
    .backgroundImageSize(ImageSize.Cover)
  

build是基础页面的构造函数，用于界面的元素构造，其他的页面的生命周期函数如下：

declare class CustomComponent 
  /**
   * Customize the pop-up content constructor.
   * @since 7
   */
  build(): void;

  /**
   * aboutToAppear Method
   * @since 7
   */
  aboutToAppear?(): void;

  /**
   * aboutToDisappear Method
   * @since 7
   */
  aboutToDisappear?(): void;

  /**
   * onPageShow Method
   * @since 7
   */
  onPageShow?(): void;

  /**
   * onPageHide Method
   * @since 7
   */
  onPageHide?(): void;

  /**
   * onBackPress Method
   * @since 7
   */
  onBackPress?(): void;

2. Canvas介绍

canvas是画布组件用于自定义绘制图形，具体的API页面如下：

https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-references/ts-components-canvas-canvas-0000001333641081

页面显示前会调用aboutToAppear()函数，此函数为页面生命周期函数

canvas组件初始化完毕后会调用onReady()函数，函数内部实现小游戏的初始页面的绘制

2.1 初始化页面数据

  drawBlock() 
    this.context.clearRect(0,0,this.context.width,this.context.height)
    this.context.drawImage( this.baseImg,this.baseX,this.baseY,500,300)
    switch(this.flappyState) 
      case 0:
        this.context.drawImage( this.messageImg,this.startX,this.startY,300,500)
        this.drawBird()
        break;
      case 1:
        this.drawBird()
        this.context.drawImage( this.pipegreenImg,this.pipeX,this.pipeY,50,150)
        break;
      case 2:
        this.context.drawImage( this.gameoverImg,this.startX,this.startY*3,300,90)
        break
    
  

页面状态有三：

• 0：等待开始界面
• 1：游戏进行
• 2：游戏结束

2.2 绘制Bird

  drawBird() 
    switch(this.birdType) 
      case 0:
        this.context.drawImage( this.midbirdImg,this.slotX,this.slotY,this.birdH,this.birdW)
        break
      case 1:
        this.context.drawImage( this.upbirdImg,this.slotX,this.slotY,this.birdH,this.birdW)
        break;
      case 2:
        this.context.drawImage( this.downbirdImg,this.slotX,this.slotY,this.birdH,this.birdW)
        break;
      default:
        break;
    
  

小鸟飞行状态有三种：

• 翅膀在中间：0
• 翅膀在上：1
• 翅膀在下：2

3. 游戏逻辑

简单的小游戏主体游戏逻辑为：等待开始，开始，结束流程图如下：

graph LR
等待开始 --> click[点击]
click[点击] --> 游戏开始
游戏开始 --> 点击 --> |游戏开始|小鸟飞,水管动 --> |小鸟碰到水管| 游戏结束 --> 点击 --> |游戏结束| 等待开始
小鸟飞,水管动 --> |小鸟没碰到水管| 游戏继续 --> 点击

doClick() 
    switch (this.flappyState) 
      case 0:
        
          // 开始
          this.flappyState = 1
          break
        
      case 1:
        
          //上下飞
          //        this.flappyState = 2
          this.slotY -= this.flyHeight
          console.log(this.slotY.toString())
          break
        
      case 2:
        
          //由结束到待开始
          this.flappyState = 0
          this.slotY = this.slotStartY
          this.pipeX = this.pipeStartX
          break
        
      default:
        break
    
    this.drawBlock()
  

4. 完整逻辑

@Entry
@Component
struct Index 
  @State message: string = Hello World
  private baseImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/base.png")
  private messageImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/message.png")
  private zeroImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/0.png")
  private gameoverImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/gameover.png")
  private upbirdImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/bluebirdupflap.png")
  private midbirdImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/bluebirdmidflap.png")
  private downbirdImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/bluebirddownflap.png")
  private pipegreenImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/pipegreen.png")
  private settings: RenderingContextSettings = new RenderingContextSettings(true);
  private context: CanvasRenderingContext2D = new CanvasRenderingContext2D(this.settings);
  private flappyState: number = 0
  private startX = 30;
  private startY = 100;
  private slotStartY = 410;
  private slotX = 50;
  private slotY = this.slotStartY;
  private baseX = 0;
  private baseY = 650;
  private pipeStartX = 330;
  private pipeX = this.pipeStartX;
  private pipeY = 500;
  private birdH = 60;
  private birdW = 50;
  private birdTimer: number;
  private birdType: number = 0;
  private count = 1;
  private flyHeight = 20;
  private pipeMove = 10;


  drawBird() 
    switch(this.birdType) 
      case 0:
        this.context.drawImage( this.midbirdImg,this.slotX,this.slotY,this.birdH,this.birdW)
        break
      case 1:
        this.context.drawImage( this.upbirdImg,this.slotX,this.slotY,this.birdH,this.birdW)
        break;
      case 2:
        this.context.drawImage( this.downbirdImg,this.slotX,this.slotY,this.birdH,this.birdW)
        break;
      default:
        break;
    
  

  drawBlock() 
    this.context.clearRect(0,0,this.context.width,this.context.height)
    this.context.drawImage( this.baseImg,this.baseX,this.baseY,500,300)
    switch(this.flappyState) 
      case 0:
        this.context.drawImage( this.messageImg,this.startX,this.startY,300,500)
        this.drawBird()
        break;
      case 1:
        this.drawBird()
        this.context.drawImage( this.pipegreenImg,this.pipeX,this.pipeY,50,150)
        break;
      case 2:
        this.context.drawImage( this.gameoverImg,this.startX,this.startY*3,300,90)
        break
    
  

  doClick() 
    switch (this.flappyState) 
      case 0:
        
          // 开始
          this.flappyState = 1
          break
        
      case 1:
        
          //上下飞
          //        this.flappyState = 2
          this.slotY -= this.flyHeight
          console.log(this.slotY.toString())
          break
        
      case 2:
        
          //由结束到待开始
          this.flappyState = 0
          this.slotY = this.slotStartY
          this.pipeX = this.pipeStartX
          break
        
      default:
        break
    
    this.drawBlock()
  

  doFly(): void 
    console.log("dofly ------ !!")
    this.birdType += 1
    if (this.birdType/5 == 0) 
      this.message = "dofly ---555--- !!"
    
  

  async sleep(ms: number) 
    return new Promise((r) => 
      setInterval(() => 
        this.birdType += 1
        this.message = this.birdType.toString()
        if (this.birdType == 3) 
          this.birdType = 0
        
        console.log(this.message)
        if (this.flappyState == 1) 
          this.pipeX -= this.pipeMove
          if (this.pipeX < 0) 
            this.pipeX = 330
          
          this.slotY += this.flyHeight/5
        

        if ((((this.pipeX-this.slotX) <= this.birdW) && ((this.pipeY-this.slotY) <= this.birdH)) ||
          this.pipeY >= this.baseY) 
          this.flappyState = 2
        
        this.drawBlock()
      , ms)
    )
  

  aboutToDisappear() 
  

  aboutToAppear() 
    this.sleep(200)
  

  build() 
    Row() 
      Column() 
        Canvas(this.context)
          .width(100%)
          .height(100%)
          .onClick((ev: ClickEvent) => 
            console.info("click!!")
            this.doClick()
          )
          .onReady(() =>
            this.context.imageSmoothingEnabled = false
            this.drawBlock()
          )
      
      .width(100%)
    
    .height(100%)
    .backgroundImage($r("app.media.backgroundday"))
    .backgroundImageSize(ImageSize.Cover)
  

遗留问题：

1. 水管只在下层显示：可以在上层显示；

2. 地面没有让动

3. 游戏声音问题：目前ohos不支持音频播放资源音频，看之后版本是否支持

4. DevEcoy用setInterval重绘canvas会导致ide崩溃

5. 获取源码

见附件 https://gitee.com/wshikh/ohosflappybird

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总结

本文主要介绍了小游戏的开发，画布功能的使用

本文作者：左翼风发

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