NPM库：dotenv，从文件加载环境变量
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篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了NPM库：dotenv，从文件加载环境变量相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
参考技术A 记录一下，Node.js中的dotenv库的使用，由于项目不同需求，需要配置不同环境变量，按需加载不同的环境变量文件，使用dotenv，可以完美解决这一问题。使用dotenv，只需要将程序的环境变量配置写在.env文件中。
然后，在Node.js程序启动时运行：
接着，我们就可以在接下来的程序中方便地使用环境变量了：
使用 Docker 和 PHP 从 env 文件加载环境变量
【中文标题】使用 Docker 和 PHP 从 env 文件加载环境变量【英文标题】：Load environment variables from env file with Docker and PHP 【发布时间】：2020-01-11 16:29:29 【问题描述】：如何使用 Docker 文件中设置的 dotenv 变量，传递给 Php 应用程序？
最近尝试使用带有一组键配对值的“.env”文件在不同的配置文件中使用，但注意到 Docker + Wordpress 映像不容易设置。虽然在节点等中设置非常简单。
请参阅下面与 docker-compose.yml 位于同一目录的“.env”文件：
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wp_xxxx
WORDPRESS_DB_USER=xxxxxx
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=xxxxxx
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=xxxxxxxx
此处提供的官方 Wordpress 图像 (https://hub.docker.com/_/wordpress) 记录了“以下环境变量也适用于配置 WordPress [...] WORDPRESS_DB_USER、WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD 等”。
默认情况下，“wp-config.php”中的配置参数不会被 .env 变量替换，这导致我通过安装 composer 来扩展原始 Wordpress 图像。让我们将下面的文件称为“DockerWordpress.yml”：
FROM wordpress:php7.3-apache
RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/bin --filename=composer && chmod +x /usr/bin/composer
RUN composer require vlucas/phpdotenv
这在主 Docker-compose.yml 文件中使用，如下所示。找到“Wordpress”服务：
version: '3.1'
services:
web:
container_name: web
image: nginx:1.15.11-alpine
volumes:
- ./nginx/foobar.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
- ../../foobar-blog-ui/public/:/var/www/html/
ports:
- 80:80
- 443:443
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
node:
image: node:8.16.0-slim
working_dir: /home/node/app
environment:
- NODE_ENV=development
volumes:
- ../../foobar-blog-ui/:/home/node/app
- ./node_modules:/home/node/app/node_modules
- ./npm/.npmrc:/home/node/app/.npmrc
ports:
- 8000:8000
- 9000:9000
command: bash -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y rsync vim git libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libxi6 build-essential libgl1-mesa-glx && npm install && exit 0"
depends_on:
- wordpress
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
wordpress:
build:
context: .
dockerfile: ./Services/DockerWordpress.yml
container_name: wordpress
restart: on-failure
ports:
- 8888:80
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: $WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: $WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: $WORDPRESS_DB_USER
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: $WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
volumes:
- ../../foobar-wordpress-cms/:/var/www/html
- ./uploads.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/uploads.ini
- ./wordpress/wp-config.php:/var/www/html/wp-config.php
depends_on:
- db
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
wordpress-cli:
image: wordpress:cli
volumes:
- ../../foobar-wordpress-cms/:/var/www/html
- ./scripts/docker-entrypoint.sh:/var/www/html/docker-entrypoint.sh
depends_on:
- wordpress
- db
command: sh -c "sleep 30 && ./docker-entrypoint.sh"
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
db:
image: mariadb:latest
ports:
- 3306:3306
restart: on-failure
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: $WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
MYSQL_USER: $WORDPRESS_DB_USER
MYSQL_PASSWORD: $WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
# MYSQL_ROOT_HOST: $WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
MYSQL_ROOT_HOST: '%'
MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD: '1'
volumes:
- ./wordpress/database:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
- ./mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf"
- ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "-u$WORDPRESS_DB_USER", "-p$WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD", "ping"]
interval: 60s
timeout: 60s
retries: 3
volumes:
mysql_data:
node_modules:
networks:
foobar-wordpress-network:
driver: bridge
最后，从外部源挂载到容器卷中的“wp-config.php”文件，如您在前面的“docker-compose”文件中所见。这是通过遵循 defacto 插件提供的文档来完成的，以在 Php 社区中使用 dotEnv 变量 (https://github.com/vlucas/phpdotenv)。
<?php
require_once(__DIR__ . './vendor/autoload.php');
(new \Dotenv\Dotenv(__DIR__ . '/../.init/Docker'))->load();
/**
* The base configuration for WordPress
*
* The wp-config.php creation script uses this file during the
* installation. You don't have to use the web site, you can
* copy this file to "wp-config.php" and fill in the values.
*
* This file contains the following configurations:
*
* * MySQL settings
* * Secret keys
* * Database table prefix
* * ABSPATH
*
* @link https://codex.wordpress.org/Editing_wp-config.php
*
* @package WordPress
*/
// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', '');
/** MySQL database username */
define( 'DB_USER', '');
/** MySQL database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '');
/** MySQL hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', '');
/** Database Charset to use in creating database tables. */
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8');
/** The Database Collate type. Don't change this if in doubt. */
define( 'DB_COLLATE', '');
/**#@+
* Authentication Unique Keys and Salts.
*
* Change these to different unique phrases!
* You can generate these using the @link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/ WordPress.org secret-key service
* You can change these at any point in time to invalidate all existing cookies. This will force all users to have to log in again.
*
* @since 2.6.0
*/
define( 'AUTH_KEY', 'U(p)0EQ$O;meL`Oe@1$t7nI?<$=|NJ)kb+Shya21)-M2HI#/B#e~:@gX+h@[LNE' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'Qpe;9 Ye^zuSozw@2*f9mK~]7/V1,gf[^v4=@ N!$<(q2qI<3U]kNK^P4b)n;7' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_KEY', 'R=yN?s&Ek8ncd;xuvIHU];2fo#piE[MbF6 63@aP:p1TyZmz#94(>XErht6<V,' );
define( 'NONCE_KEY', 'Xr~QqP8%cjPA$] ?m*-CrcjgdfA6Vao>8C/AI6-pi_Y<rI]y=6fKSOS6i/%4F~Xl' );
define( 'AUTH_SALT', '<<7vysQ=uPfNxyl? z=97AyIfm~QNn5%JI7^)bFW&;A`V.5`W2xj+KXJY`_hV66T' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'dT-4]:wh_.++<M&L6>&Eywn)wSzy+.`v6eBhl694uF(fc:yp9:?oV! PDbU(ST(' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_SALT', '3rPPnmKp|dUR=KXW-TVYH7a:60P7z$h3jgggKJgn~9XX`)6XuCtzMLjypztu!m' );
define( 'NONCE_SALT', 'X4aAbyiQOenS$2g7~R@,9+/-mc_lfzq!*RMP+cKOgv0K[xS73~|k0u:zq>G.My' );
/**#@-*/
/**
* WordPress Database Table prefix.
*
* You can have multiple installations in one database if you give each
* a unique prefix. Only numbers, letters, and underscores please!
*/
$table_prefix = 'wp_';
/**
* For developers: WordPress debugging mode.
*
* Change this to true to enable the display of notices during development.
* It is strongly recommended that plugin and theme developers use WP_DEBUG
* in their development environments.
*
* For information on other constants that can be used for debugging,
* visit the Codex.
*
* @link https://codex.wordpress.org/Debugging_in_WordPress
*/
// define( 'WP_DEBUG', true );
// define( 'WP_DEBUG_LOG', true );
/* That's all, stop editing! Happy publishing. */
/** Absolute path to the WordPress directory. */
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) )
define( 'ABSPATH', dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/' );
/** Sets up WordPress vars and included files. */
require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php' );
由于我使用的是composer和phpdotnet插件，我也尝试过：
define( 'DB_NAME', getenv('WORDPRESS_DB_NAME'));
...
在错误日志中，我可以看到：
wordpress exited with code 4
code 4上面的错误是由于提供了“环境变量”导致入口点脚本试图为我们修改wp-config.php。
由于code 4是由环境变量引起的，无论有没有inspect docker镜像都会返回以下内容（没有环境变量）：
[
"Id": "sha256:0d91452f5f88a168d9e85e2c4992460e2ef50d66d60c581c3ffc60b78824a416",
"RepoTags": [
"docker_wordpress:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [],
"Parent": "sha256:73c390be73f955ac64e67751faba8095ed0d31a98a3eb841ea38be6a81d9bd02",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2019-09-09T22:54:10.8766881Z",
"Container": "20a95e0640aa65d9c1c244cdacf0dae09165c4da3ff19460190dce4cf4a80d8b",
"ContainerConfig":
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts":
"80/tcp":
,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"PHPIZE_DEPS=autoconf \t\tdpkg-dev \t\tfile \t\tg++ \t\tgcc \t\tlibc-dev \t\tmake \t\tpkg-config \t\tre2c",
"PHP_INI_DIR=/usr/local/etc/php",
"APACHE_CONFDIR=/etc/apache2",
"APACHE_ENVVARS=/etc/apache2/envvars",
"PHP_EXTRA_BUILD_DEPS=apache2-dev",
"PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS=--with-apxs2 --disable-cgi",
"PHP_CFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2",
"PHP_CPPFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2",
"PHP_LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=both -pie",
"GPG_KEYS=CBAF69F173A0FEA4B537F470D66C9593118BCCB6 F38252826ACD957EF380D39F2F7956BC5DA04B5D",
"PHP_VERSION=7.3.9",
"PHP_URL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz/from/this/mirror",
"PHP_ASC_URL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz.asc/from/this/mirror",
"PHP_SHA256=4007f24a39822bef2805b75c625551d30be9eeed329d52eb0838fa5c1b91c1fd",
"PHP_MD5=",
"WORDPRESS_VERSION=5.2.3",
"WORDPRESS_SHA1=5efd37148788f3b14b295b2a9bf48a1a467aa303"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"composer require vlucas/phpdotenv"
],
"Image": "sha256:73c390be73f955ac64e67751faba8095ed0d31a98a3eb841ea38be6a81d9bd02",
"Volumes":
"/var/www/html":
,
"WorkingDir": "/var/www/html",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null,
"StopSignal": "WINCH"
,
"DockerVersion": "19.03.2",
"Author": "",
"Config":
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts":
"80/tcp":
,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"PHPIZE_DEPS=autoconf \t\tdpkg-dev \t\tfile \t\tg++ \t\tgcc \t\tlibc-dev \t\tmake \t\tpkg-config \t\tre2c",
"PHP_INI_DIR=/usr/local/etc/php",
"APACHE_CONFDIR=/etc/apache2",
"APACHE_ENVVARS=/etc/apache2/envvars",
"PHP_EXTRA_BUILD_DEPS=apache2-dev",
"PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS=--with-apxs2 --disable-cgi",
"PHP_CFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2",
"PHP_CPPFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2",
"PHP_LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=both -pie",
"GPG_KEYS=CBAF69F173A0FEA4B537F470D66C9593118BCCB6 F38252826ACD957EF380D39F2F7956BC5DA04B5D",
"PHP_VERSION=7.3.9",
"PHP_URL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz/from/this/mirror",
"PHP_ASC_URL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz.asc/from/this/mirror",
"PHP_SHA256=4007f24a39822bef2805b75c625551d30be9eeed329d52eb0838fa5c1b91c1fd",
"PHP_MD5=",
"WORDPRESS_VERSION=5.2.3",
"WORDPRESS_SHA1=5efd37148788f3b14b295b2a9bf48a1a467aa303"
],
"Cmd": [
"apache2-foreground"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:73c390be73f955ac64e67751faba8095ed0d31a98a3eb841ea38be6a81d9bd02",
"Volumes":
"/var/www/html":
,
"WorkingDir": "/var/www/html",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null,
"StopSignal": "WINCH"
,
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 530754564,
"VirtualSize": 530754564,
"GraphDriver":
"Data":
...
,
"Name": "overlay2"
,
"RootFS":
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
...
]
,
"Metadata":
"LastTagTime": "2019-09-09T22:54:10.9465719Z"
]
请记住，我希望文档是正确的，并且上面的设置应该尊重环境变量。
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：Docker 中的环境变量
在docker-compose.yml 中设置.env
环境文件.env
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=platform-ops-db
docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
web:
image: nginx:1.15.11-alpine
container_name: web
env_file:
- ./.env
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: $WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
我们可以在与容器web 一起运行的整个应用程序中使用WORDPRESS_DB_NAME。
要在代理后面的容器中运行 Wordpress，请检查 repo Repo 中的 repo conf 文件 Wordpress as a container behind the proxy
【讨论】：
重要：到目前为止，它只有在 .env 和 docker-compose.yml 都在同一个文件夹中时才有效。【参考方案2】：由于代码4是环境变量引起的，带or 没有检查泊坞窗图像返回以下（没有 环境变量）：
你混合了两个东西 dotenv 和 system environment variable。 dotenv 的优先级总是低于系统环境变量，在docker inspect 中看不到dotenv 变量。
要在 Docker 中设置 env，它应该在 Dockerfile ( docker inspect will work) 中，或者应该在创建时传递以运行命令。
docker exec you_container_name bash -c "printenv"这将打印系统环境变量，而不是dotenv。
不变性
默认情况下，Dotenv 不会覆盖现有的环境变量 已在环境中设置。
如果您希望 Dotenv 覆盖现有的环境变量，请使用 重载而不是负载：
$dotenv = Dotenv\Dotenv::create(__DIR__);
$dotenv->overload();
因此，如果 WordPress 不是从 dotenv 选择或应该从 system 环境变量中选择，我会建议在系统环境中设置。
phpdotenv
secure-your-wordpress-config-with-dotenv
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：这里有一些笔记帮助我找到了解决方案，希望它在未来对其他人有所帮助。
首先是我在尝试和查看时发现的问题：
第一个导致上面暴露为wordpress exited with code 4的错误是wp-content.php在挂载到容器时失败，所以要么目的是允许“wordpress”入口点sh脚本修改文件为我们或接受将做其他事情，如上所述，插件 phpdotenv 和 $_ENV 或 getenv fn (https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.getenv.php)
卷被挂载在 Docker-compose.yml 文件中并覆盖文件，例如我们尝试 COPY 到容器 WORKDIR 中的文件等
Docker-compose 上下文不允许在其范围之外复制文件“路径必须在构建的上下文中”
您会在下面找到一个对我有用的工作版本 (WIP)，作为默认行为的替代方案，如前所述（我相信重构，鉴于上述几点，考虑到所有，这可以改进，但让我们保持与将 dotenv 传递给 PHP 的相关性，将来应该对其他人有用）。
++++++++++++ docker-compose.yml ++++++++++++++++
version: '3.1'
services:
web:
container_name: web
image: nginx:1.15.11-alpine
volumes:
- ./nginx/foobar.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
- ../../foobar-blog-ui/public/:/var/www/html/
ports:
- 80:80
- 443:443
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
node:
image: node:8.16.0-slim
working_dir: /home/node/app
environment:
- NODE_ENV=development
volumes:
- ../../foobar-blog-ui/:/home/node/app
- ./node_modules:/home/node/app/node_modules
- ./npm/.npmrc:/home/node/app/.npmrc
ports:
- 8000:8000
- 9000:9000
command: bash -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y rsync vim git libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libxi6 build-essential libgl1-mesa-glx && npm install && exit 0"
depends_on:
- wordpress
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
wordpress:
build:
context: ../../
dockerfile: ./.init/Docker/Services/DockerWordpress.yml
container_name: wordpress
restart: on-failure
ports:
- 8888:80
depends_on:
- db
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
wordpress-cli:
image: wordpress:cli
volumes:
- ../../foobar-wordpress-cms/:/var/www/html
- ./scripts/docker-entrypoint.sh:/var/www/html/docker-entrypoint.sh
depends_on:
- wordpress
- db
command: sh -c "sleep 30 && ./docker-entrypoint.sh"
networks:
- foobar-wordpress-network
volumes:
node_modules:
networks:
foobar-wordpress-network:
driver: bridge
++++++++++++ dockerfile ++++++++++++++++++
FROM wordpress:php7.3-apache
WORKDIR /var/www/html/
COPY ./.init/Docker/.env .
COPY ./foobar-wordpress-cms .
COPY ./.init/Docker/php/uploads.ini /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/uploads.ini
COPY ./.init/Docker/wordpress/wp-config.php ./wp-config.php
RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/bin --filename=composer && chmod +x /usr/bin/composer
RUN composer require vlucas/phpdotenv
RUN ls -la
以下文章也有帮助 (https://vsupalov.com/docker-arg-env-variable-guide/#the-dot-env-file-env)。
【讨论】：
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