基于蓝牙的安卓客户端开发
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一.安卓蓝牙开发基本流程
- 获取本地蓝牙适配器，打开蓝牙，获得已配对蓝牙设备列表
mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBtAdapter.enable();
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();
- 扫描未配对设备，通过广播（BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND）接收列表出未配对的设备
mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();
- 从列表设备选择某个蓝牙进行连接，获得BluetoothDevice 对象
device.getName()
device.getAddress()
BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address)
- 开始连接线程，获得BluetoothSocket
private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket= device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID)
- 开始已连接线程，由BluetoothSocket获得输入输出流从而收发数据
二.权限申明
1 <!--蓝牙权限--> 2 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> 3 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
三.布局文件
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 3 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 4 android:id="@+id/activity_main" 5 android:layout_width="match_parent" 6 android:layout_height="match_parent" 7 android:orientation="vertical" 8 > 9 <!--标题栏--> 10 <LinearLayout 11 android:layout_width="match_parent" 12 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 13 android:background="#CDC9C9"> 14 <TextView 15 android:id="@+id/DeviceTextView" 16 android:layout_width="wrap_content" 17 android:layout_weight="1" 18 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 19 android:text="设备：" 20 android:textColor="#FFFFFF" 21 android:textSize="20dp" 22 /> 23 <TextView 24 android:id="@+id/StateTextView" 25 android:layout_width="wrap_content" 26 android:layout_weight="1" 27 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 28 android:text="状态：" 29 android:textColor="#FFFFFF" 30 android:textSize="20dp" 31 /> 32 </LinearLayout> 33 <!--聊天界面--> 34 <LinearLayout 35 android:id="@+id/chatPage" 36 android:layout_width="match_parent" 37 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 38 android:orientation="vertical" 39 android:visibility="gone" 40 android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" 41 android:layout_marginRight="10dp" 42 > 43 <LinearLayout 44 android:layout_width="match_parent" 45 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 46 47 > 48 <EditText 49 android:id="@+id/MessageEditText" 50 android:layout_marginTop="5dp" 51 android:layout_width="wrap_content" 52 android:layout_weight="1" 53 android:layout_height="40dp" 54 /> 55 <Button 56 android:id="@+id/SendButton" 57 android:layout_width="wrap_content" 58 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 59 android:layout_marginTop="4dp" 60 android:textAllCaps="false" 61 android:text="Send" 62 /> 63 </LinearLayout> 64 <LinearLayout 65 android:layout_width="match_parent" 66 android:layout_height="wrap_content"> 67 <TextView 68 android:id="@+id/DisplayTextView" 69 android:layout_width="match_parent" 70 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 71 android:hint="DisplayTextView"/> 72 </LinearLayout> 73 74 </LinearLayout> 75 <!--控制界面--> 76 <LinearLayout 77 android:id="@+id/controlPage" 78 android:layout_width="match_parent" 79 android:layout_height="match_parent" 80 android:orientation="vertical" 81 android:visibility="visible"> 82 </LinearLayout> 83 <!--数据中心--> 84 <LinearLayout 85 android:id="@+id/displayPage" 86 android:layout_width="match_parent" 87 android:layout_height="match_parent" 88 android:orientation="vertical" 89 android:visibility="gone"> 90 </LinearLayout> 91 </LinearLayout>
四.具体代码实现
-
MainActivity
1 package com.example.john.esdc; 2 3 import android.app.Activity; 4 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; 5 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; 6 import android.content.Intent; 7 import android.os.Handler; 8 import android.os.Message; 9 import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; 10 import android.os.Bundle; 11 import android.view.Menu; 12 import android.view.MenuItem; 13 import android.view.View; 14 import android.widget.Button; 15 import android.widget.EditText; 16 import android.widget.TextView; 17 import android.widget.Toast; 18 19 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { 20 21 // Intent request codes 22 private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1; 23 // Local Bluetooth adapter 24 private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null; 25 // Member object for the chat services 26 private BluetoothChatService mChatService = null; 27 // Message types sent from the BluetoothChatService Handler 28 public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1; 29 public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2; 30 public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3; 31 public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4; 32 public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5; 33 // Key names received from the BluetoothChatService Handler 34 public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name"; 35 public static final String TOAST = "toast"; 36 // Name of the connected device 37 private String mConnectedDeviceName = null; 38 //控件 39 TextView deviceTextView; 40 TextView stateTextView; 41 EditText messageEditText; 42 Button sendButton; 43 TextView displayTextView; 44 private int numofMessage=0; //显示的消息数 45 //界面 46 View controlPage; 47 View displayPage; 48 View chatPage; 49 50 51 @Override 52 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 53 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 54 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); 55 getWidget(); 56 // Initialize the BluetoothChatService to perform bluetooth connections 57 mChatService = new BluetoothChatService(this, mHandler); 58 // Get local Bluetooth adapter 59 mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 60 sendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 61 @Override 62 public void onClick(View v) { 63 String message = messageEditText.getText().toString(); 64 sendMessage(message); 65 } 66 }); 67 } 68 //获取控件对象 69 private void getWidget(){ 70 deviceTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.DeviceTextView); 71 stateTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.StateTextView); 72 messageEditText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.MessageEditText); 73 sendButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.SendButton); 74 displayTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.DisplayTextView); 75 76 chatPage = (View)findViewById(R.id.chatPage); 77 controlPage = (View)findViewById(R.id.controlPage); 78 displayPage = (View)findViewById(R.id.displayPage); 79 } 80 //发送一条消息 81 private void sendMessage(String message){ 82 if (mChatService.getState()!=BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTED){ 83 Toast.makeText(this, "未连接蓝牙设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 84 return; 85 } 86 if (message.length()>0){ 87 byte[] send = message.getBytes(); 88 mChatService.write(send); 89 messageEditText.setText(""); 90 } 91 } 92 //********************************************************************************* 93 //建立菜单 94 @Override 95 public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { 96 getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.option_menu,menu); 97 return true; 98 } 99 //菜单响应事件,主要完成界面切换 100 @Override 101 public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { 102 switch (item.getItemId()){ 103 case R.id.scan: //点击“Scan”项，执行DeviceListActivity，在onActivityResult中返回用户点击连接的蓝牙MAC地址 104 Intent serverIntent = new Intent(this,DeviceListActivity.class); 105 startActivityForResult(serverIntent,REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE); 106 return true; 107 case R.id.chatPage: 108 chatPage.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 109 displayPage.setVisibility(View.GONE); 110 controlPage.setVisibility(View.GONE); 111 return true; 112 case R.id.displayPage: 113 chatPage.setVisibility(View.GONE); 114 displayPage.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 115 controlPage.setVisibility(View.GONE); 116 return true; 117 case R.id.controlPage: 118 chatPage.setVisibility(View.GONE); 119 displayPage.setVisibility(View.GONE); 120 controlPage.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 121 return true; 122 } 123 return false; 124 } 125 //********************************************************************************************** 126 //获得DeviceList活动反馈回的蓝牙设备地址，获取BluetoothDevice，开始连接 127 @Override 128 protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { 129 switch (requestCode){ 130 case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE: 131 //获取蓝牙地址并执行连接 132 if(resultCode== Activity.RESULT_OK){ 133 String address = data.getExtras() 134 .getString(DeviceListActivity.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS); 135 BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address); 136 mChatService.connect(device); 137 138 } 139 } 140 } 141 //********************************************************************************************** 142 //主要负责更新UI 143 private final Handler mHandler = new Handler(){ 144 @Override 145 public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 146 147 switch (msg.what){ 148 case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: 149 switch (msg.arg1){ 150 case BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTED: 151 stateTextView.setText("状态：已连接"); 152 break; 153 case BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTING: 154 stateTextView.setText("状态：正连接"); 155 break; 156 case BluetoothChatService.STATE_NONE: 157 stateTextView.setText("状态：未连接"); 158 break; 159 } 160 break; 161 case MESSAGE_TOAST: 162 Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), msg.getData().getString(TOAST), 163 Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 164 break; 165 case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME: 166 mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME); 167 deviceTextView.setText("设备："+mConnectedDeviceName); 168 Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "已连接上"+mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 169 break; 170 case MESSAGE_READ: 171 if (chatPage.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE){ 172 displayTextView.append(mConnectedDeviceName+"："+msg.obj+"\\n"); 173 numofMessage++; 174 if (numofMessage==10) { 175 displayTextView.setText(""); 176 numofMessage = 0; 177 } 178 } 179 break; 180 case MESSAGE_WRITE: 181 byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; 182 String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf); 183 if (chatPage.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE){ 184 displayTextView.append("本机："+writeMessage+"\\n"); 185 numofMessage++; 186 if (numofMessage==10) { 187 displayTextView.setText(""); 188 numofMessage = 0; 189 } 190 } 191 break; 192 } 193 } 194 }; 195 }
-
DeviceListActivity
1 package com.example.john.esdc; 2 import android.annotation.SuppressLint; 3 import android.app.Activity; 4 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; 5 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; 6 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; 7 import android.content.Context; 8 import android.content.Intent; 9 import android.content.IntentFilter; 10 import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; 11 import android.os.Bundle; 12 import android.view.View; 13 import android.view.Window; 14 import android.widget.AdapterView; 15 import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; 16 import android.widget.ListView; 17 import android.widget.TextView; 18 import android.widget.Toast; 19 20 import java.util.Set; 21 22 import static android.R.attr.filter; 23 @SuppressLint("NewApi") 24 public class DeviceListActivity extends AppCompatActivity { 25 26 // Return Intent extra 27 public static String EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS = "device_address"; 28 29 // Member fields 30 private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter; 31 private ArrayAdapter<String> mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter; 32 private ArrayAdapter<String> mNewDevicesArrayAdapter; 33 34 @Override 35 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 36 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 37 setContentView(R.layout.activity_device_list); 38 setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED); 39 // 获取本地蓝牙适配器 40 mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 41 mBtAdapter.enable(); //打开蓝牙 42 doDiscovery(); //开始搜索蓝牙设备 43 44 45 //ListView控件适配器组装 46 mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1); 47 mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1); 48 ListView pairedListView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.paired_devices); 49 pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter); 50 pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mDeviceClickListener1); 51 ListView newDevicesListView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.new_devices); 52 newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter); 53 newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mDeviceClickListener2); 54 55 //注册广播 56 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 57 this.registerReceiver(mReceive,filter); 58 filter = new IntentFilter((BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)); 59 this.registerReceiver(mReceive,filter); 60 61 //获得已配对的蓝牙设备 62 Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices(); 63 if (pairedDevices.size()>0) { 64 for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { 65 mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\\n" + device.getAddress()); 66 } 67 } 68 else{ 69 mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("无已配对设备"); 70 } 71 72 } 73 74 //蓝牙设备列表的点击响应 75 private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mDeviceClickListener1 = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { 76 @Override 77 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { 78 mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 79 //获取蓝牙设备的MAC地址返回到主活动 80 String info = mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.getItem(position); 81 String address = info.substring(info.length()-17); 82 Intent intent = new Intent(); 83 intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS,address); 84 setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK,intent); 85 finish(); 86 87 88 89 } 90 }; 91 private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mDeviceClickListener2 = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { 92 @Override 93 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { 94 mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 95 //获取蓝牙设备的MAC地址返回到主活动 96 String info = mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getItem(position); 97 String address = info.substring(info.length()-17); 98 //Toast.makeText(DeviceListActivity.this, address, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 99 Intent intent = new Intent(); 100 intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS,address); 101 setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK,intent); 102 finish(); 103 104 105 106 } 107 }; 108 109 private void doDiscovery(){ 110 setTitle("扫描中，请稍等……"); 111 if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()){ 112 mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 113 } 114 mBtAdapter.startDiscovery(); 115 } 116 117 118 @Override 119 protected void onDestroy() { 120 super.onDestroy(); 121 // Make sure we\'re not doing discovery anymore 122 if (mBtAdapter != null) { 123 mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 124 } 125 // Unregister broadcast listeners 126 this.unregisterReceiver(mReceive); 127 } 128 //广播监听，当发现新设备时将其添加至列表 129 private final BroadcastReceiver mReceive = new BroadcastReceiver() { 130 @Override 以上是关于基于蓝牙的安卓客户端开发的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章