文件操作
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文件操作：
1、什么是文件
文件是操作系统提供给用户/应用程序操作硬盘的一种虚拟的概念/接口
用户/应用程序(open())
操作系统（文件）
计算机硬件（硬盘）
2、为何要用文件
用户/应用程序可以通过文件将数据永久保存的硬盘中
即操作文件就是操作硬盘
用户/应用程序直接操作的是文件，对文件进行的所有的操作，都是
在向操作系统发送系统调用，然后再由操作将其转换成具体的硬盘操作
对文件操作流程
- 打开文件，得到文件句柄并赋值给一个变量
- 通过句柄对文件进行操作
- 关闭文件
3、如何用文件：open()
控制文件读写内容的模式：t和b
强调：t和b不能单独使用，必须跟r/w/a连用
t文本（默认的模式）
1、读写都以str（unicode）为单位的
2、文本文件
3、必须指定encoding=utf-8
b二进制/bytes
控制文件读写操作的模式
r只读模式
w只写模式
a只追加写模式
+：r+、w+、a+
现有文件如下
Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind
不知为何，我经历的爱情总是最具毁灭性的的那种
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The taste of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
就如舌尖上的雨露
I teased at life as if it were a foolish game
我戏弄生命 视其为愚蠢的游戏
The way the evening breeze
就如夜晚的微风
May tease the candle flame
逗弄蜡烛的火苗
The thousand dreams I dreamed
我曾千万次梦见
The splendid things I planned
那些我计划的绚丽蓝图
I always built to last on weak and shifting sand
但我总是将之建筑在易逝的流沙上
I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day
我夜夜笙歌 逃避白昼赤裸的阳光
And only now I see how the time ran away
事到如今我才看清岁月是如何匆匆流逝
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung
有那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见
I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out
我飞快地奔走 最终时光与青春消逝殆尽
I never stopped to think what life was all about
我从未停下脚步去思考生命的意义
And every conversation that I can now recall
如今回想起的所有对话
Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all
除了和我相关的 什么都记不得了
The game of love I played with arrogance and pride
我用自负和傲慢玩着爱情的游戏
And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died
所有我点燃的火焰都熄灭得太快
The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away
所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不觉地离开了
And only now Im left alone to end the play, yeah
只剩我一个人在台上来结束这场闹剧
Oh, yesterday when I was young
噢 昨日当我年少轻狂
So many, many songs were waiting to be sung
有那么那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见
There are so many songs in me that wont be sung
我有太多歌曲永远不会被唱起
I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue
我尝到了舌尖泪水的苦涩滋味
The time has come for me to pay for yesterday
终于到了付出代价的时间 为了昨日
When I was young
当我年少轻狂
"""编码：UTF-8和GBK的区别？
UnicodeDecodeError: gbk codec cant decode byte 0x80 in position 106: illegal multibyte sequence
为避免上述错误加入, encoding="UTF-8"
"""
data = open("yesterday.txt", encoding="UTF-8").read()
print(data)
基本操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
|
打开文件的模式有：
- r，只读模式（默认）。
- w，只写模式。【不可读；不存在则创建；存在则删除内容；】
- a，追加模式。【可读； 不存在则创建；存在则只追加内容；】
"+" 表示可以同时读写某个文件
- r+，可读写文件。【可读；可写；可追加】
- w+，写读
- a+，同a
"U"表示在读取时，可以将 \\r \\n \\r\\n自动转换成 \\n （与 r 或 r+ 模式同使用）
- rU
- r+U
"b"表示处理二进制文件（如：FTP发送上传ISO镜像文件，linux可忽略，windows处理二进制文件时需标注）
- rb
- wb
- ab
其它语法
def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
Close the file.
A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations. close() may be
called more than once without error.
"""
pass
def fileno(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer). """
pass
def isatty(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" True if the file is connected to a TTY device. """
pass
def read(self, size=-1): # known case of _io.FileIO.read
"""
注意，不一定能全读回来
Read at most size bytes, returned as bytes.
Only makes one system call, so less data may be returned than requested.
In non-blocking mode, returns None if no data is available.
Return an empty bytes object at EOF.
"""
return ""
def readable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" True if file was opened in a read mode. """
pass
def readall(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Read all data from the file, returned as bytes.
In non-blocking mode, returns as much as is immediately available,
or None if no data is available. Return an empty bytes object at EOF.
"""
pass
def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" Same as RawIOBase.readinto(). """
pass #不要用,没人知道它是干嘛用的
def seek(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Move to new file position and return the file position.
Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to
SEEK_SET or 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values
are SEEK_CUR or 1 (move relative to current position, positive or negative),
and SEEK_END or 2 (move relative to end of file, usually negative, although
many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file).
Note that not all file objects are seekable.
"""
pass
def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" True if file supports random-access. """
pass
def tell(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Current file position.
Can raise OSError for non seekable files.
"""
pass
def truncate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Truncate the file to at most size bytes and return the truncated size.
Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().
The current file position is changed to the value of size.
"""
pass
def writable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" True if file was opened in a write mode. """
pass
def write(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Write bytes b to file, return number written.
Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written.
The number of bytes actually written is returned. In non-blocking mode,
returns None if the write would block.
"""
pass
with语句
为了避免打开文件后忘记关闭，可以通过管理上下文，即：
with open(log,r) as f:
...
如此方式，当with代码块执行完毕时，内部会自动关闭并释放文件资源。
在Python 2.7 后，with又支持同时对多个文件的上下文进行管理，即：
with open(log1) as obj1, open(log2) as obj2:
pass
程序练习
程序1: 实现简单的shell sed替换功能
程序2:修改haproxy配置文件
需求：
1、查
输入：www.oldboy.org
获取当前backend下的所有记录
2、新建
输入：
arg =
bakend: www.oldboy.org,
record:
server: 100.1.7.9,
weight: 20,
maxconn: 30
3、删除
输入：
arg =
bakend: www.oldboy.org,
record:
server: 100.1.7.9,
weight: 20,
maxconn: 30
原配置文件
global
log 127.0.0.1 local2
daemon
maxconn 256
log 127.0.0.1 local2 info
defaults
log global
mode http
timeout connect 5000ms
timeout client 50000ms
timeout server 50000ms
option dontlognull
listen stats :8888
stats enable
stats uri /admin
stats auth admin:1234
frontend oldboy.org
bind 0.0.0.0:80
option httplog
option httpclose
option forwardfor
log global
acl www hdr_reg(host) -i www.oldboy.org
use_backend www.oldboy.org if www
backend www.oldboy.org
server 100.1.7.9 100.1.7.9 weight 20 maxconn 3000
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