Oracle11g新特性点评之RMAN
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参考技术ARMAN除了单纯的备份恢复功能 已经被赋予了越来越多的责任 比如创建Standby数据库 比如跨平台传输表空间中的表空间转换 Oracle g的RMAN倒是没有太多飞跃性的更新
自定义archivelog删除策略
我们知道在 g之前 只有backupset的删除策略可以定义 比如保留多长时间的备份或者保留多少份有效备份 而删除归档日志只有在delete命令中定义删除全部备份完毕的或者删除从哪一个时间点到哪一个时间点的 而在 g中我们已经可以通过configure命令来定义归档日志的删除策略的 比如增加了下面的语法 只有在磁带上备份了 次的归档日志才会被delete命令删除
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP TIMES TO DEVICE TYPE *** t
当然 仅仅是增加语法那就只能称为比较无聊的新功能了 除了configure语法之外 现在在 g中通过APPLIED ON STANDBY关键字可以定义只有对于所有的standby站点都已经applied的归档日志才会被删除 或者定义所有被成功传送到standby站点的归档日志就可以被删除 而以前这些都需要DBA自己撰写脚本从数据字典中查询到相关信息然后再通过脚本删除
直接通过网络复制数据库
在 g之前如果要使用duplicate命令来复制一份数据库 那么则需要源数据库 需要在目标机器上的一份有效备份 需要目标数据库 在 g中这一切被大大简化 通过FROM ACTIVE DATABASE关键字 我们只需要有一个源数据库 就可以简单地通过网络在另外一台机器上复制一个相同的数据库了 Oracle会通过一系列 Memory Script在内存中recover并且open目标数据库
另外 在 g之前 duplicate数据库是不会自动复制spfile的 而现在 我们通过下面的语句 就可以让Oracle在复制过程中自动生成一份spfile 并且其中的初始化参数允许额外定义
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASETO aux_dbFROM ACTIVE DATABASESPFILE PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT /u /u SET SGA_MAX_SIZE = M SET SGA_TARGET = M SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT = /u /u DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT /u /u ;
在 g中使用duplicate复制一个数据库的准备步骤只需要目标数据库(AUXILIARY实例)
a 通过一个最简单的pfile把实例启动到nomount状态 这个pfile中只需要包含DB_NAME和REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORFILE参数即可
b password文件必须事先建好 而且SYS密码需要跟source数据库中相同 这个通过orapwd可以轻松完成
c 目录结构需要事先创建好并且具有正确的权限
并行备份大文件
现在Oracle数据库中单个数据文件可以最大到 T 而在以前的版本中RMAN的最小备份单位就是datafile 那么对于以后可能出现的这种超大数据文件 RMAN备份就几乎无法操作了 在 g中 通过backup命令中的SECTION SIZE关键字 我们可以对数据文件指定section了 每个section都作为一个独立单位来处理 每个数据文件可以最多指定 个 section
Section的好处在于 一可以并行备份多个section 提高备份速度 二可以分多个时间分别备份一个大文件的多个section 时间上化整为零 更具有操作性
RMAN Catalog管理性增强
IMPORT CATALOG命令允许我们将一个catalog库中的信息转储到另外一个catalog库 这在以前完全需要手工操作
lishixinzhi/Article/program/Oracle/201311/17666
Oracle 12.1新特性----使用RMAN从备份中实现recover table
在Oracle12c版本之前,使用RMAN能恢复的级别为数据库级别和表空间级别,如果只有一张表需要恢复,而在数据库级别或表空间级别做恢复,影响范围就太大了。因此12.2版本中提供了一个新特性使用RMAN在表级别做恢复,并且恢复过程中不影响数据库的正常使用。这一功能不仅可以恢复表,还可以恢复表分区。
下面在12.2版本上做表级别恢复的实验
[email protected]>select * from v$version; BANNER CON_ID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0 PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0 CORE 12.2.0.1.0 Production 0 TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0 NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0
1、创建一个数据库的全备
RMAN> backup database; Starting backup at 20170720 17:12:05 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=36 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/ORA12C/DATAFILE/system.256.949764433 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:07 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:22 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/0vs9rar7_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/ORA12C/DATAFILE/users.266.949764465 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:22 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/10s9rarm_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/ORA12C/DATAFILE/sysaux.261.949764491 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:38 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/11s9rarn_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/ORA12C/DATAFILE/examples.265.949764515 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:38 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:39 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/12s9ras6_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00008 name=/tmp/FY_RST_DATA.DAT input datafile file number=00007 name=/tmp/FY_REC_DATA.DAT input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/ORA12C/DATAFILE/undotbs1.264.949764541 input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/ORA12C/DATAFILE/t_move.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:40 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20170720 17:12:41 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/13s9ras8_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 20170720 17:12:41 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20170720 17:12:41 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/c-326793150-20170720-00 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20170720 17:12:42
2、创建测试表,插入测试数据并记录中间的scn号
[email protected]>create table t2 (id number,name varchar2(10),birthday date); Table created. [email protected]>insert into t2 values(1,‘zx‘,sysdate); 1 row created. [email protected]>commit; Commit complete. [email protected]>select current_scn from v$database; CURRENT_SCN ----------- 650101 [email protected]>insert into t2 values(2,‘lx‘,sysdate); 1 row created. [email protected]>commit; Commit complete. [email protected]>select * from t2; ID NAME BIRTHDAY ---------- ---------- ----------------- 1 zx 20170720 17:18:52 2 lx 20170720 17:19:34
3、执行表级别恢复,使用remap table参数不覆盖原表,恢复成t2_r表
RMAN> recover table zx.t2 until scn 650101 remap table zx.t2:t2_r auxiliary destination ‘/tmp‘; Starting recover at 20170720 17:23:50 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments Tablespace SYSTEM Tablespace UNDOTBS1 Creating automatic instance, with SID=‘htzD‘ initialization parameters used for automatic instance: db_name=ORA12C db_unique_name=htzD_pitr_ORA12C compatible=12.2.0 db_block_size=8192 db_files=200 diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle _system_trig_enabled=FALSE sga_target=1712M processes=200 db_create_file_dest=/tmp log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/tmp‘ #No auxiliary parameter file used starting up automatic instance ORA12C Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1795162112 bytes Fixed Size 8621760 bytes Variable Size 436207936 bytes Database Buffers 1342177280 bytes Redo Buffers 8155136 bytes Automatic instance created contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 650101; # restore the controlfile restore clone controlfile; # mount the controlfile sql clone ‘alter database mount clone database‘; # archive current online log sql ‘alter system archive log current‘; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause Starting restore at 20170720 17:24:12 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/c-326793150-20170720-00 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/c-326793150-20170720-00 tag=TAG20170720T171241 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/tmp/ORA12C/controlfile/o1_mf_dq0xoxot_.ctl Finished restore at 20170720 17:24:14 sql statement: alter database mount clone database sql statement: alter system archive log current contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 650101; # set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles set newname for clone datafile 1 to new; set newname for clone datafile 3 to new; set newname for clone datafile 2 to new; set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new; # switch all tempfiles switch clone tempfile all; # restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set restore clone datafile 1, 3, 2; switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file Starting restore at 20170720 17:24:19 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/0vs9rar7_1_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/0vs9rar7_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/11s9rarn_1_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/11s9rarn_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/13s9ras8_1_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/13s9ras8_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished restore at 20170720 17:25:55 datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=16 STAMP=949857956 file name=/tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_system_dq0xp4jt_.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=17 STAMP=949857956 file name=/tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_dq0xrnq2_.dbf datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=18 STAMP=949857956 file name=/tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_dq0xqkm0_.dbf contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 650101; # online the datafiles restored or switched sql clone "alter database datafile 1 online"; sql clone "alter database datafile 3 online"; sql clone "alter database datafile 2 online"; # recover and open database read only recover clone database tablespace "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX"; sql clone ‘alter database open read only‘; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause sql statement: alter database datafile 1 online sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online sql statement: alter database datafile 2 online Starting recover at 20170720 17:26:02 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_2_949077789.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_3_949077789.dbf archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_2_949077789.dbf thread=1 sequence=2 archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_3_949077789.dbf thread=1 sequence=3 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 Finished recover at 20170720 17:26:07 sql statement: alter database open read only contents of Memory Script: { sql clone "create spfile from memory"; shutdown clone immediate; startup clone nomount; sql clone "alter system set control_files = ‘‘/tmp/ORA12C/controlfile/o1_mf_dq0xoxot_.ctl‘‘ comment= ‘‘RMAN set‘‘ scope=spfile"; shutdown clone immediate; startup clone nomount; # mount database sql clone ‘alter database mount clone database‘; } executing Memory Script sql statement: create spfile from memory database closed database dismounted Oracle instance shut down connected to auxiliary database (not started) Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1795162112 bytes Fixed Size 8621760 bytes Variable Size 436207936 bytes Database Buffers 1342177280 bytes Redo Buffers 8155136 bytes sql statement: alter system set control_files = ‘‘/tmp/ORA12C/controlfile/o1_mf_dq0xoxot_.ctl‘‘ comment= ‘‘RMAN set‘‘ scope=spfile Oracle instance shut down connected to auxiliary database (not started) Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1795162112 bytes Fixed Size 8621760 bytes Variable Size 436207936 bytes Database Buffers 1342177280 bytes Redo Buffers 8155136 bytes sql statement: alter database mount clone database contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 650101; # set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles set newname for datafile 4 to new; # restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set restore clone datafile 4; switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting restore at 20170720 17:27:18 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=23 device type=DISK channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /tmp/HTZD_PITR_ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_users_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/10s9rarm_1_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/10s9rarm_1_1 tag=TAG20170720T171206 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 Finished restore at 20170720 17:27:44 datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=20 STAMP=949858064 file name=/tmp/HTZD_PITR_ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_users_dq0xvq9q_.dbf contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 650101; # online the datafiles restored or switched sql clone "alter database datafile 4 online"; # recover and open resetlogs recover clone database tablespace "USERS", "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX" delete archivelog; alter clone database open resetlogs; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online Starting recover at 20170720 17:27:44 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_2_949077789.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_3_949077789.dbf archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_2_949077789.dbf thread=1 sequence=2 archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/dbs/arch1_3_949077789.dbf thread=1 sequence=3 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 20170720 17:27:48 database opened contents of Memory Script: { # create directory for datapump import sql "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ‘‘ /tmp‘‘"; # create directory for datapump export sql clone "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ‘‘ /tmp‘‘"; } executing Memory Script sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ‘‘/tmp‘‘ sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ‘‘/tmp‘‘ Performing export of tables... EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_htzD_mhEh": EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE EXPDP> . . exported "ZX"."T2" 5.898 KB 1 rows EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_htzD_mhEh" successfully loaded/unloaded EXPDP> ****************************************************************************** EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_htzD_mhEh is: EXPDP> /tmp/tspitr_htzD_98436.dmp EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_htzD_mhEh" successfully completed at Thu Jul 20 17:29:48 2017 elapsed 0 00:01:05 Export completed contents of Memory Script: { # shutdown clone before import shutdown clone abort } executing Memory Script Oracle instance shut down Performing import of tables... IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_htzD_bhqf" successfully loaded/unloaded IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_htzD_bhqf": IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA IMPDP> . . imported "ZX"."T2_R" 5.898 KB 1 rows IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_htzD_bhqf" successfully completed at Thu Jul 20 17:30:10 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:10 Import completed Removing automatic instance Automatic instance removed auxiliary instance file /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_temp_dq0xskvm_.tmp deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/HTZD_PITR_ORA12C/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_dq0xwo3d_.log deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/HTZD_PITR_ORA12C/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_dq0xwo3d_.log deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/HTZD_PITR_ORA12C/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_dq0xwo0q_.log deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/HTZD_PITR_ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_users_dq0xvq9q_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_dq0xqkm0_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_dq0xrnq2_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/ORA12C/datafile/o1_mf_system_dq0xp4jt_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /tmp/ORA12C/controlfile/o1_mf_dq0xoxot_.ctl deleted auxiliary instance file tspitr_htzD_98436.dmp deleted Finished recover at 20170720 17:30:13
4、验证结果,查询t2_r表
[email protected]>select * from t2_r; ID NAME BIRTHDAY ---------- ---------- ----------------- 1 zx 20170720 17:18:52
5、即使表t2做了DDL操作修改了表结构,也可以用这种方法进行恢复
--表t2添加一个字段 [email protected]>alter table t2 add address varchar2(10); Table altered. --恢复表到t2_r2 RMAN> recover table zx.t2 until scn 650101 remap table zx.t2:t2_r2 auxiliary destination ‘/tmp‘; Starting recover at 20170720 17:57:00 using channel ORA_DISK_1 RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time ...... Finished recover at 20170720 18:02:03 --验证表t2_r2 [email protected]>select * from t2_r2; ID NAME BIRTHDAY ---------- ---------- ----------------- 1 zx 20170720 17:18:52 --恢复成功
这一功能很大程度减小了数据恢复的影响范围。
参考:http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/rcmresind.htm#BRADV686
本文出自 “DBA Fighting!” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://hbxztc.blog.51cto.com/1587495/1949491
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