二进制安装MySQL5.7并搭建主从

Posted 2022-09-01 阿基米德VS小豆芽

二进制安装mysql5.7并搭建主从

二进制安装MySQL5.7

下载文件

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

官网可以下载最新版本

建立mysql用户

 groupadd mysql
 useradd -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin

解压文件并赋权限

tar zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 

# 移动到/usr/local/mysql
mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

# 切换到目录
cd /usr/local/mysql

chown mysql:mysql -R ../mysql

建立数据目录

mkdir -p  /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chmod 755 /data/mysql/

删除旧版本mysql/mariadb

rpm -qa|grep mysql
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
查看当前环境mysql/mariadb,如果有，则删除

编辑my.cnf配置文件

[mysqld]

#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid

user = mysql

socket= /data/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
character-set-server = utf8
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log

slow_query_log = 1

long_query_time = 1

slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
#lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[client]
port=3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]

socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

启动数据库

./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize

./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

登录数据库

# 查看数据库临时（方案1，如果mysql不能登录，用方案2更改）
cat /data/mysql/error.log | grep password

./mysql -u root -p

SET PASSWORD = root123;   #更改密码

ALTER USER root@localhost PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;    #永不过期

flush privileges;           #刷新权限

#方案2 ：mysqld 启动时不对密码进行验证
vim /etc/my.cnf
在 [mysqld] 小节下添加一行：skip-grant-tables=1 。这一行配置让 mysqld 启动时不对密码进行验证

MySQL [(none)]> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MySQL [mysql]> update user set authentication_string = password(*********), password_expired = N, password_last_changed = now() where user = root;

搭建主从复制

原理介绍

• MySQL之间数据复制的基础是二进制日志文件（binary log file）
• 一台MySQL数据库一旦启用二进制日志后，其作为master，它的数据库中所有操作都会以“事件”的方式记录在二进制日志中
• 其他数据库作为slave通过一个I/O线程与主服务器保持通信，并监控master的二进制日志文件的变化
• 如果发现master二进制日志文件发生变化，则会把变化复制到自己的中继日志中
• 然后slave的一个SQL线程会把相关的“事件”执行到自己的数据库中，以此实现从数据库和主数据库的一致性，也就实现了主从复制

准备工作

准备两台服务器，一主一从
192.168.56.104 主
192.168.56.105 从

主库修改

1. 找到mysql配置文件my.cnf或my.ini(各个系统的存放位置不同,可以针对操作系统进行百度)
   进入配置文件在[mysqld]部分插入或修改

   [mysqld]
   log_bin=mysql-bin #开启二进制日志
   server-id=100 #设置server-id,设置为当前ip的最后一个段的数字,这样不会乱

2. 重启mysql
3. 分别为从库创建对应的用户

首先连接mysql 使用 (mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码) 进行连接 远程可以使用 (mysql -h 服务器ip -u 用户名 -p 密码)

CREATE USER slave@192.168.56.105 IDENTIFIED BY *******;#创建用户
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO slave@192.168.56.105;#分配权限
flush privileges;   #刷新权限

4. 查看主库状态,日志文件名,日志位置(记录文件名与位置)

   
   MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
   +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
   | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
   +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
   | mysql-bin.000007 |      777 |              |                  |                   |
   +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)

### 从库修改
1.同样找到msyql配置文件修改server-id，两个从库分别修改为

[mysqld]
server-id=104 #设置server-id，192.168.56.104

2. 重启从库mysql服务

3.打开mysql回话执行同步sql

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=192.168.56.104, MASTER_USER=slave, MASTER_PASSWORD=*****, MASTER_LOG_FILE=mysql-bin.000007, MASTER_LOG_POS=777;

start slave;
show slave status\\G查看主从是否搭建成功