使用Outlook Actionable Messages实现简单的审批功能

Posted 2022-08-30 luoyong0201

我是微软Dynamics 365 & Power Platform方面的工程师/顾问罗勇，也是2015年7月到2018年6月连续三年Dynamics CRM/Business Solutions方面的微软最有价值专家(Microsoft MVP)，这是我的第479篇原创文章，写于2022年8月27日。

Power Apps的Out-of-Box审批功能我的B站上有介绍，详见 ​​五分钟创建一个审批工作流并在邮件中进行审批测试​​​ 。功能很好(也是从本人项目实践应用该功能的精力来讲)，还支持移动端，但是偶尔有些特色小需求不是很好实现，比如拒绝的时候要求备注必须输入。这个审批的功能是基于Microsoft Dataverse和 ​​Outlook Actionable Messages​​ 的，今天我就简单做个例子发送Actionable Message到Outlook中。本文借鉴了 ​​Actionable Messages step-by-step​​​ 这个视频，如果大家观看不了可以到我的B站去​​观看​​。官方文档如下：

• ​​Actionable messages in Outlook and Office 365 Groups​​
• ​​Get started with actionable messages in Office 365​​
• ​​Send an actionable message via email in Office 365​​
• ​​Invoke an Outlook add-in from an actionable message​​
• ​​Refresh an actionable message when the user opens it​​
• ​​Security requirements for actionable messages in Office 365​​
• ​​Designing Outlook Actionable Message cards with the Adaptive Card format​​
• ​​Register your service with the actionable email developer dashboard​​

道理不讲太多，就带大家做个最简单的例子。

首先我们准备用户点击邮件中链接/操作执行要调用的Web API。最简单的就是做个Flow来处理，我们用这种最简单的方式。到 ​​https://make.powerautomate.com/​​ 中的Solution里面新增一个Clou flow：

为Flow取个名字，记得Trigger一定要选择 When an HTTP request is received。

整个Flow如下，很简单，因为我这个是用于演示的，最后一个Response步骤返回的Status Code为200，这样用户点击后会看到成功提示。

保存这个Flow，会生成一个URL，Copy这个URL后面的步骤要用。

然后要到 ​​developer dashboard​​ 去注册一个Provider, 点击 New Provider 链接。

Friendly Name取个有意义的名字即可，Sender email address from which actionable emails will originate 填入Actional Message发送邮件的邮箱，我这里特意创建了一个notification为用户名的邮箱，Target URLs填入前面步骤创建的Cloud flow的URL，这里可以填写多个，也支持正则表达式匹配多个。需要把自动生成的 Provider Id (originator) 字段的值复制下来备用。

至于Scope of submission的话我选第二个Organization，因为我自己就是这个Tenant的Global Admin。然后提交。

提交后Exchange Admin会收到邮件提醒去审批，点击View submission浏览并Approve就可以，批准并生效可能需要点时间，不会超过24小时。

Actionable Message的内容是 Adaptive Card，自己手写太麻烦，有辅助工具，我们这里打开 ​​Adaptive Card Designer​​ ，使用 Expense Approval来创建一个。

因为是演示性质的，所以对于这个Message的内容我也不更改了，直接点击下面的 Edit JSON Payload 链接将JSON内容复制下来。

我这里复制下来的内容如下：

    "type": "AdaptiveCard",
    "body": [
        
            "type": "ColumnSet",
            "style": "emphasis",
            "columns": [
                
                    "type": "Column",
                    "items": [
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "text": "Expense Approval",
                            "wrap": true
                        
                    ],
                    "width": "stretch",
                    "padding": "None"
                ,
                
                    "type": "Column",
                    "items": [
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "horizontalAlignment": "Right",
                            "color": "Accent",
                            "text": "[#ER-093249-90](https://amdesigner.azurewebsites.net/)",
                            "wrap": true
                        
                    ],
                    "width": "stretch",
                    "padding": "None"
                
            ],
            "padding": "Default",
            "spacing": "None"
        ,
        
            "type": "Container",
            "items": [
                
                    "type": "TextBlock",
                    "size": "Large",
                    "weight": "Bolder",
                    "text": "Expense report by Miguel garcia is pending your approval.",
                    "wrap": true
                
            ],
            "padding": "Default",
            "spacing": "None",
            "separator": true
        ,
        
            "type": "Container",
            "id": "7d00f965-40bb-9fc3-ff7b-a9b82a09ead4",
            "padding": "Default",
            "items": [
                
                    "type": "ColumnSet",
                    "columns": [
                        
                            "type": "Column",
                            "items": [
                                
                                    "type": "Image",
                                    "style": "Person",
                                    "url": "https://amdesigner.azurewebsites.net/samples/assets/Miguel_Garcia.png",
                                    "size": "Small",
                                    "altText": "Miguel Garcia Avatar"
                                
                            ],
                            "width": "auto",
                            "padding": "None"
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "Column",
                            "items": [
                                
                                    "type": "TextBlock",
                                    "text": "Miguel Garcia",
                                    "wrap": true
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "TextBlock",
                                    "spacing": "None",
                                    "color": "Light",
                                    "text": "Program Manager",
                                    "wrap": true,
                                    "size": "Small"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "TextBlock",
                                    "spacing": "None",
                                    "color": "Light",
                                    "text": "Oslo-O365",
                                    "wrap": true,
                                    "size": "Small"
                                
                            ],
                            "width": "stretch",
                            "padding": "None"
                        
                    ],
                    "spacing": "None",
                    "padding": "None"
                
            ],
            "spacing": "None",
            "separator": true
        ,
        
            "type": "Container",
            "items": [
                
                    "type": "TextBlock",
                    "text": "*\\"Please approve the expenses incurred during my trip to San Francisco for the annual developer conference.\\"*",
                    "wrap": true
                ,
                
                    "type": "FactSet",
                    "id": "a46a50e6-11c3-27bb-349f-b40d820a7b83",
                    "facts": [
                        
                            "title": "Total Amount:",
                            "value": "$1,473.35"
                        ,
                        
                            "title": "Request on:",
                            "value": "09/21/2019"
                        
                    ]
                
            ],
            "padding": 
                "top": "None",
                "bottom": "Default",
                "left": "Default",
                "right": "Default"
            ,
            "spacing": "None"
        ,
        
            "type": "Container",
            "spacing": "None",
            "items": [
                
                    "type": "Container",
                    "id": "b149e1cc-0414-662b-6435-ad68d851bf67",
                    "padding": "Default",
                    "items": [
                        
                            "type": "ColumnSet",
                            "spacing": "None",
                            "style": "emphasis",
                            "columns": [
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "TextBlock",
                                            "weight": "Bolder",
                                            "text": "Activity History",
                                            "wrap": true,
                                            "spacing": "None"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
                                    "spacing": "None",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "id": "ActivityHistoryChevronDown",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "Image",
                                            "selectAction": 
                                                "type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
                                                "id": "ExpandActivityHistory",
                                                "title": "Expand Activity History",
                                                "targetElements": [
                                                    "ActivityHistoryWrapper",
                                                    "ActivityHistoryChevronUp",
                                                    "ActivityHistoryChevronDown"
                                                ]
                                            ,
                                            "url": "https://amdesigner.azurewebsites.net/samples/assets/Down.png",
                                            "width": "20px",
                                            "altText": "Expand",
                                            "height": "20px"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "spacing": "None",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "id": "ActivityHistoryChevronUp",
                                    "isVisible": false,
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "Image",
                                            "selectAction": 
                                                "type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
                                                "id": "CollapseActivityHistory",
                                                "title": "Collapse Activity History",
                                                "targetElements": [
                                                    "ActivityHistoryWrapper",
                                                    "ActivityHistoryChevronUp",
                                                    "ActivityHistoryChevronDown"
                                                ]
                                            ,
                                            "url": "https://amdesigner.azurewebsites.net/samples/assets/Up.png",
                                            "width": "20px",
                                            "altText": "Collapse",
                                            "height": "20px"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                
                            ],
                            "padding": "None"
                        
                    ],
                    "spacing": "None",
                    "style": "emphasis",
                    "separator": true,
                    "selectAction": 
                        "type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
                        "targetElements": [
                            "ActivityHistoryWrapper",
                            "ActivityHistoryChevronUp",
                            "ActivityHistoryChevronDown"
                        ],
                        "id": "ExpandActivityHistory",
                        "title": "Expand Activity History"
                    
                ,
                
                    "type": "Container",
                    "id": "ActivityHistoryWrapper",
                    "isVisible": false,
                    "items": [
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "text": "[approved] Collin Ballinger on 02.09.2019",
                            "wrap": true
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "spacing": "Small",
                            "text": "[approved] Kat Larrson on 03.09.2019",
                            "wrap": true
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "spacing": "Small",
                            "text": "[approved] Daisy Phillips on 03.09.2019",
                            "wrap": true
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "spacing": "Small",
                            "color": "Good",
                            "text": "[pending] Amanda Brady (you)",
                            "wrap": true
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "TextBlock",
                            "spacing": "Small",
                            "color": "Light",
                            "text": "[pending] Kevin Sturgis",
                            "wrap": true
                        
                    ],
                    "padding": 
                        "top": "Default",
                        "bottom": "Large",
                        "left": "Default",
                        "right": "Default"
                    ,
                    "spacing": "None",
                    "separator": true
                
            ],
            "padding": "None",
            "separator": true
        ,
        
            "type": "Container",
            "id": "c8472889-6d94-90e5-5311-3ede0967cd86",
            "items": [
                
                    "type": "Container",
                    "spacing": "None",
                    "separator": true,
                    "items": [
                        
                            "type": "ColumnSet",
                            "columns": [
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "TextBlock",
                                            "weight": "Bolder",
                                            "text": "Expense Details",
                                            "wrap": true,
                                            "spacing": "None"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "id": "ExpenseDetailsChevronDown",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "Image",
                                            "selectAction": 
                                                "type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
                                                "id": "ExpandExpenseDetails",
                                                "title": "Expand Expense Details",
                                                "targetElements": [
                                                    "ExpenseDetailsWrapper",
                                                    "ExpenseDetailsChevronUp",
                                                    "ExpenseDetailsChevronDown"
                                                ]
                                            ,
                                            "url": "https://amdesigner.azurewebsites.net/samples/assets/Down.png",
                                            "width": "20px",
                                            "altText": "Expand",
                                            "height": "20px"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "id": "ExpenseDetailsChevronUp",
                                    "isVisible": false,
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "Image",
                                            "selectAction": 
                                                "type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
                                                "id": "CollapseExpenseDetails",
                                                "title": "Collapse Expense Details",
                                                "targetElements": [
                                                    "ExpenseDetailsWrapper",
                                                    "ExpenseDetailsChevronUp",
                                                    "ExpenseDetailsChevronDown"
                                                ]
                                            ,
                                            "url": "https://amdesigner.azurewebsites.net/samples/assets/Up.png",
                                            "width": "20px",
                                            "altText": "Collapse",
                                            "height": "20px"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                
                            ],
                            "padding": "None"
                        
                    ],
                    "padding": "Default",
                    "style": "emphasis",
                    "selectAction": 
                        "type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
                        "targetElements": [
                            "ExpenseDetailsWrapper",
                            "ExpenseDetailsChevronUp",
                            "ExpenseDetailsChevronDown"
                        ],
                        "id": "ExpandExpenseDetails",
                        "title": "Expand Expense Details"
                    
                ,
                
                    "type": "Container",
                    "id": "ExpenseDetailsWrapper",
                    "isVisible": false,
                    "items": [
                        
                            "type": "ColumnSet",
                            "columns": [
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "TextBlock",
                                            "horizontalAlignment": "Left",
                                            "text": "1.",
                                            "wrap": true,
                                            "size": "Medium"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "padding": "None",
                                    "spacing": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "FactSet",
                                            "id": "9d60e7c6-611b-c2b9-b43e-af37c0154ad6",
                                            "facts": [
                                                
                                                    "title": "Expense Category:",
                                                    "value": "Hotel"
                                                ,
                                                
                                                    "title": "Transaction Amount:",
                                                    "value": "228.12 USD"
                                                
                                            ]
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
                                    "spacing": "Small",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "FactSet",
                                            "id": "274d7b95-17ae-ff6d-fa93-27568cf0fb2c",
                                            "facts": [
                                                
                                                    "title": "Transaction date:",
                                                    "value": "07/31/2018"
                                                ,
                                                
                                                    "title": "Foreign Currency:",
                                                    "value": "228.12 USD"
                                                
                                            ]
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
                                    "spacing": "Small",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                
                            ],
                            "padding": "None"
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "ColumnSet",
                            "columns": [
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "TextBlock",
                                            "horizontalAlignment": "Left",
                                            "text": "2.",
                                            "wrap": true,
                                            "size": "Medium"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "padding": "None",
                                    "spacing": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "FactSet",
                                            "id": "96be582e-4971-5a04-a892-e3a9dbf88d40",
                                            "facts": [
                                                
                                                    "title": "Expense Category:",
                                                    "value": "Travel"
                                                ,
                                                
                                                    "title": "Transaction Amount:",
                                                    "value": "25.7 USD"
                                                
                                            ]
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
                                    "spacing": "Small",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "FactSet",
                                            "id": "0e2b3791-6d26-c8e8-6b9a-73a41566a1b3",
                                            "facts": [
                                                
                                                    "title": "Transaction date:",
                                                    "value": "08/02/2019"
                                                ,
                                                
                                                    "title": "Foreign Currency:",
                                                    "value": "228.12 USD"
                                                
                                            ]
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
                                    "spacing": "Small",
                                    "padding": "None"
                                
                            ],
                            "padding": "None",
                            "separator": true
                        ,
                        
                            "type": "ColumnSet",
                            "columns": [
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "TextBlock",
                                            "horizontalAlignment": "Left",
                                            "text": "3.",
                                            "wrap": true,
                                            "size": "Medium"
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "auto",
                                    "padding": "None",
                                    "spacing": "None"
                                ,
                                
                                    "type": "Column",
                                    "items": [
                                        
                                            "type": "FactSet",
                                            "id": "ad183c8c-00b6-f723-977d-5e5fd58a8b16",
                                            "facts": [
                                                
                                                    "title": "Expense Category:",
                                                    "value": "Hotel"
                                                ,
                                                
                                                    "title": "Transaction Amount:",
                                                    "value": "205.3 USD"
                                                
                                            ]
                                        
                                    ],
                                    "width": "stretch",
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