静态配置网卡IP，centos和ubuntu实现
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1. centos8/ubuntu18.4实现网络基本配置
1.1. 网络配置方式
- 静态指定:
- ifconfig, route, netstat
- ip: object link, addr, route, ss, tc
system-config-network-tui，setup
配置文件
- 动态分配：
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
1.2. centos网络基本配置
1.2.1. 手动网络配置
1.2.1.1. IP、MASK、GW、DNS相关的配置文件
- 文件路径
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xxx- 文件参数说明
TYPE 接口类型；常见有的Ethernet, Bridge
NAME 此配置文件应用到的设备
DEVICE 设备名
HWADDR 对应的设备的MAC地址
UUID 设备的惟一标识
BOOTPROTO 激活此设备时使用的地址配置协议，常用的dhcp, static, none, bootp
IPADDR 指明IP地址
NETMASK 子网掩码,如:255.255.255.0
PREFIX 网络ID的位数, 如:24
GATEWAY 默认网关
DNS1 第一个DNS服务器地址
DNS2 第二个DNS服务器地址
DOMAIN 主机不完整时，自动搜索的域名后缀
ONBOOT 在系统引导时是否激活此设备
USERCTL 普通用户是否可控制此设备
PEERDNS
如果BOOTPROTO的值为“dhcp”，YES将允许dhcp server分配的dns服务
器信息直接覆盖至/etc/resolv.conf文件，NO不允许修改resolv.conf
- 配置IP：192.168.100.30/24、网关：192.168.100.2、DNS：114.114.114.114
[02:58:50 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
[04:15:55 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.30
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.100.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[04:16:06 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#nmcli con reload && nmcli con up ens32
连接已成功激活（D-Bus 活动路径：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7）
[04:21:50 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#hostname -I
192.168.100.30 192.168.122.1
- 验证配置是否成功
#验证IP地址
[04:22:12 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:35:fb:a9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.100.30/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ca:51:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ca:51:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[04:22:50 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#ping 114.114.114.114
PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=47.7 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=47.2 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=47.7 ms
#验证DNS
[20:48:28 root@localhost ~]#cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 114.114.114.114
1.2.2. 命令配置网络
- 网络配置工具：nmcli
#修改配置文件执行生效
nmcli con reload
nmcli con up con-name
#查看帮助
nmcli con add help
#使用nmcli配置网络
nmcli con show
#显示所有活动连接
nmcli con show --active
#显示网络连接配置
nmcli con show "System eth0“
#显示设备状态
nmcli dev status
#显示网络接口属性
nmcli dev show eth0
#创建新连接default，IP自动通过dhcp获取
nmcli con add con-name default type Ethernet ifname eth0
#删除连接
nmcli con del default
#创建新连接static ，指定静态IP，不自动连接
nmcli con add con-name static ifname eth0 autoconnect no type Ethernet
ipv4.addresses 172.25.X.10/24 ipv4.gateway 172.25.X.254
- 修改IP等属性格式
nmcli connection modify IFACE [+|-]setting.property value
setting.property: ipv4.addresses ipv4.gateway ipv4.dns1 ipv4.method
manual |
auto
- 例子
nmcli con mod “static” connection.autoconnect no
nmcli con mod “static” ipv4.dns 192.168.100.100
nmcli con mod “static” +ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114
nmcli con mod “static” +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
nmcli con mod “static” ipv4.addresses “192.168.100.30/24
192.168.100.2”
nmcli con mod “static” +ipv4.addresses 192.168.100.50/24
- 案例：nmcli配置静态IP_192.168.100.100/24 网关_192.168.100.2 DNS_114.114.114.114/8.8.8.8
#查看当前网络连接
[04:23:21 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens32 152beb06-47c5-c5e8-95a9-385590654382 ethernet ens32
virbr0 7437dcde-d816-48c6-b835-676e6ea29553 bridge virbr0
#查看当前网络配置并删除，重新创建空文件
[22:21:52 root@localhost ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-
ens32
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.30
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.100.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[22:38:41 root@localhost ~]#mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-
ens32 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ens32.bak
[22:43:04 root@localhost ~]#ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ens32.bak
[22:48:16 root@localhost ~]#touch /etc/sysconfig/network-
scripts/ifcfg-ens32
[22:48:44 root@localhost ~]#nmcli con mod ens32 ipv4.addresses
192.168.100.100/24
[22:48:50 root@localhost ~]#nmcli con mod ens32 ipv4.dns
114.114.114.114
[22:50:01 root@localhost ~]#nmcli con mod ens32 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
[22:50:13 root@localhost ~]#nmcli con mod ens32 ipv4.gateway
192.168.100.2
[22:50:54 root@localhost ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-
ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.100.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.100.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
NAME=ens32
UUID=152beb06-47c5-c5e8-95a9-385590654382
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
DNS2=8.8.8.8
[23:05:17 root@localhost ~]#nmcli device connect ens32;nmcli device
reapply ens32
[D:\\~]$ ssh root@192.168.100.100
Connecting to 192.168.100.100:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press Ctrl+Alt+].
ni hao ya zhang xue long
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Last login: Sun Aug 14 23:00:44 2022 from 192.168.100.1
Session lifetime based on X11 requested, but X11 initialization failed
1.3. Ubuntu网络配置
1.3.1. 手动网络配置
- 说明
Ubuntu18版本之后网卡配置文件采用YAML格式,必须以/etc/netplan/XXX.yaml
文件命名方式存放可以每个网卡对应一个单独的配置文件,也可以将所有网卡都放在一个配置文件里
yaml文件格式：列表和键值对两种，并包含从属关系，严格控制缩进区分
- 网络配置文件
/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml #Ubuntu18版本之后
/etc/network/interfaces #Ubuntu18版本之前
- 修改网卡配置文件后需执行命令生效：
netplan apply
- 关闭/启用以太网网卡
ifconfig ens33 down
ifconfig ens33 up
- 案例：配置静态IP
#注意格式缩进
#Ubuntu18版本之后格式：
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
addresses: [192.168.8.10/24,10.0.0.10/8] #或者用下面两行,两种格式不能混用
- 192.168.8.10/24
- 10.0.0.10/8
gateway4: 10.0.0.2
nameservers:
search: [magedu.com, magedu.org]
addresses: [180.76.76.76, 8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]
#Ubuntu18版本之前格式：
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.3.90
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.3.1
#network 192.168.3.0
#broadcast 192.168.3.255
#dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8
- 配置实操
root@zxl:~# hostname -I
192.168.100.35
root@zxl:~# vim /etc/netplan/my-init.yaml
root@zxl:~# cat /etc/netplan/my-init.yaml
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
ens32:
addresses:
- 192.168.100.36/24
gateway4: 192.168.100.2
nameservers:
addresses: [114.114.114.114, 8.8.8.8]
root@zxl:~# netplan apply
- 验证配置结果是否生效
[D:\\~]$ ssh root@192.168.100.36
Connecting to 192.168.100.36:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press Ctrl+Alt+].
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-20-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System information as of Sun Aug 14 17:45:14 UTC 2022
System load: 0.0 Processes: 181
Usage of /: 1.7% of 99.95GB Users logged in: 1
Memory usage: 13% IP address for ens32: 192.168.100.36
Swap usage: 0%
0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Last login: Sun Aug 14 17:01:27 2022 from 192.168.100.1
/usr/bin/xauth: file /root/.Xauthority does not exist
root@zxl:~# hostname -I
192.168.100.36
root@zxl:~# ping 114.114.114.114
PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=48.2 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=47.7 ms
^C
--- 114.114.114.114 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 47.703/47.975/48.248/0.349 ms
#查看DNS： /etc/resolv.conf
root@zxl:~# systemd-resolve --status
Global
DNSSEC NTA: 10.in-addr.arpa
16.172.in-addr.arpa
168.192.in-addr.arpa
17.172.in-addr.arpa
18.172.in-addr.arpa
19.172.in-addr.arpa
20.172.in-addr.arpa
21.172.in-addr.arpa
22.172.in-addr.arpa
23.172.in-addr.arpa
24.172.in-addr.arpa
25.172.in-addr.arpa
26.172.in-addr.arpa
27.172.in-addr.arpa
28.172.in-addr.arpa
29.172.in-addr.arpa
30.172.in-addr.arpa
31.172.in-addr.arpa
corp
d.f.ip6.arpa
home
internal
intranet
lan
local
private
test
Link 2 (ens32)
Current Scopes: DNS
LLMNR setting: yes
MulticastDNS setting: no
DNSSEC setting: no
DNSSEC supported: no
DNS Servers: 114.114.114.114
8.8.8.8
root@zxl:~# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens32
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens32
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