python 绘制3D图
Posted 凭轩听雨199407
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python 绘制3D图
1.散点图
代码
# This import registers the 3D projection, but is otherwise unused.
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # noqa: F401 unused import
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
'''
Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
'''
return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
n = 100
# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for m, zlow, zhigh in [('o', -50, -25), ('^', -30, -5)]:
xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)
ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, marker=m)
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.show()
输出:
输入的数据格式
这个输入的三个维度要求是三列长度一致的数据,可以理解为3个length相等的list。
用上面的scatter或者下面这段直接plot也可以。
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
ax.plot(h, z, t, '.', alpha=0.5)
plt.show()
输出:
2.三维表面 surface
代码
x = [12.7, 12.8, 12.9]
y = [1, 2, 3, 4]
temp = pd.DataFrame([[7,7,9,9],[2,3,4,5],[1,6,8,7]]).T
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y) # 形成网格化的数据
temp = np.array(temp)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 16))
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
ax.plot_surface(Y,X,temp,rcount=1, cmap=cm.plasma, linewidth=1, antialiased=False,alpha=0.5) #cm.plasma
ax.set_xlabel('zone', color='b', fontsize=20)
ax.set_ylabel('h2o', color='g', fontsize=20)
ax.set_zlabel('Temperature', color='r', fontsize=20)
output:
输入的数据格式
这里x和y原本都是一维list,通过np.meshgrid可以将其形成4X3的二维数据,如下图所示:
而第三维,得是4X3的2维的数据,才能进行画图
scatter + surface图形展示
3. 三维瀑布图waterfall
代码
from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import colors as mcolors
import numpy as np
axes=plt.axes(projection="3d")
def colors(arg):
return mcolors.to_rgba(arg, alpha=0.6)
verts = []
z1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
x1 = np.arange(0, 10, 0.4)
for z in z1:
y1 = np.random.rand(len(x1))
y1[0], y1[-1] = 0, 0
verts.append(list(zip(x1, y1)))
# print(verts)
poly = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=[colors('r'), colors('g'), colors('b'),
colors('y')])
poly.set_alpha(0.7)
axes.add_collection3d(poly, zs=z1, zdir='y')
axes.set_xlabel('X')
axes.set_xlim3d(0, 10)
axes.set_ylabel('Y')
axes.set_ylim3d(-1, 4)
axes.set_zlabel('Z')
axes.set_zlim3d(0, 1)
axes.set_title("3D Waterfall plot")
plt.show()
输出:
输入的数据格式
这个的输入我还没有完全搞懂,导致我自己暂时不能复现到其他数据,等以后懂了再回来补充。
4. 3d wireframe
code
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(
2, 1, figsize=(8, 12), subplot_kw='projection': '3d')
# Get the test data
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
# Give the first plot only wireframes of the type y = c
ax1.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=0)
ax1.set_title("Column (x) stride set to 0")
# Give the second plot only wireframes of the type x = c
ax2.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=0, cstride=10)
ax2.set_title("Row (y) stride set to 0")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
output:
输入的数据格式
与plot_surface的输入格式一样,X,Y原本为一维list,通过np.meshgrid形成网格化数据。Z为二维数据。其中注意调节rstride、cstride这两个值实现行列间隔的调整。
自己试了下:
reference:
https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/mplot3d/hist3d.html
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