自定义spring boot starter三部曲之三:源码分析spring.factories加载过程

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  • 本文是《自定义spring boot starter三部曲》系列的终篇,前文中我们开发了一个starter并做了验证,发现关键点在于spring.factories的自动加载能力,让应用只要依赖starter的jar包即可,今天我们来分析Spring和Spring boot源码,了解spring.factories自动加载原理;

三部曲文章链接

  1. 《自定义spring boot starter三部曲之一:准备工作》
  2. 《自定义spring boot starter三部曲之二:实战开发》

版本情况

  • 本文中涉及到的库的版本:
    1. Spring boot :1.5.9.RELEASE;
    2. JDK :1.8.0_144

初步分析

  • 先回顾customizeservicestarter模块中spring.factories文件的内容:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.bolingcavalry.customizeservicestarter.CustomizeConfiguration
  • 从上述内容可以确定今天源码学习目标:
    1. spring容器如何处理配置类;
    2. spring boot配置类的加载情况;
    3. spring.factories中的EnableAutoConfiguration配置何时被加载?
    4. spring.factories中的EnableAutoConfiguration配置被加载后做了什么处理;

spring容器如何处理配置类

  • ConfigurationClassPostProcessor类的职责是处理配置类;
  • ConfigurationClassPostProcessor是BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口的实现类,它的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法在容器初始化阶段会被调用(BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口的更多细节请参考《spring4.1.8扩展实战之六:注册bean到spring容器(BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口)》);
  • postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法又调用processConfigBeanDefinitions方法处理具体业务;
  • processConfigBeanDefinitions方法中通过ConfigurationClassParser类来处理Configuration注解,如下图:

  • 如上图红框所示,所有被Configuration注解修饰过的类,都会被parser.parse(candidates)处理,即ConfigurationClassParser类的parse方法;
  • parse方法中调用processDeferredImportSelectors方法做处理:找到Configuration类中的Import注解,对于Import注解的值,如果实现了ImportSelector接口,就调用其selectImports方法,将返回的名称实例化:
private void processDeferredImportSelectors() 
        //这里就是Configuration注解中的Import注解的值,
        //例如EnableAutoConfiguration注解的源码中,Import注解的值是EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class
        List<DeferredImportSelectorHolder> deferredImports = this.deferredImportSelectors;
        this.deferredImportSelectors = null;
        Collections.sort(deferredImports, DEFERRED_IMPORT_COMPARATOR);

        for (DeferredImportSelectorHolder deferredImport : deferredImports) 
            ConfigurationClass configClass = deferredImport.getConfigurationClass();
            try 
                //以EnableAutoConfiguration注解为例,其Import注解的值为EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class,
                //那么此处就是在调用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports方法,返回了一个字符串数组
                String[] imports = deferredImport.getImportSelector().selectImports(configClass.getMetadata());
                //字符串数组中的每个字符串都代表一个类,此处做实例化
                processImports(configClass, asSourceClass(configClass), asSourceClasses(imports), false);
            
            catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) 
                throw ex;
            
            catch (Throwable ex) 
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                        "Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
                        configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
            
        
    
  • 小结一下spring容器配置类的逻辑:

    1. 找出配置类;
    2. 找出配置类中的Import注解;
    3. Import注解的值是class,如果该class实现了ImportSelector接口,就调用其selectImports方法,将返回的名称实例化;
  • 有了上面的结论就可以结合Spring boot的源码来分析加载了哪些数据了;

spring boot配置类的加载情况

  • 我们的应用使用了SpringBootApplication注解,看此注解的源码,使用了EnableAutoConfiguration注解:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = 
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) )
public @interface SpringBootApplication 
    ......
  • EnableAutoConfiguration注解中,通过Import注解引入了EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration 
    ......
  • 看EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的源码:
/**
 * @link DeferredImportSelector to handle @link EnableAutoConfiguration
 * auto-configuration. This class can also be subclassed if a custom variant of
 * @link EnableAutoConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration. is needed.
 *
 * @deprecated as of 1.5 in favor of @link AutoConfigurationImportSelector
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Andy Wilkinson
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @author Madhura Bhave
 * @since 1.3.0
 * @see EnableAutoConfiguration
 */
@Deprecated
public class EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector
        extends AutoConfigurationImportSelector 

    @Override
    protected boolean isEnabled(AnnotationMetadata metadata) 
        if (getClass().equals(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)) 
            return getEnvironment().getProperty(
                    EnableAutoConfiguration.ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY, Boolean.class,
                    true);
        
        return true;
    

  • 上述源码有三处重点需要关注:
  • 第一,EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector是AutoConfigurationImportSelector的子类;
  • 第二,EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector已经被废弃了,不推荐使用;
  • 第三,文档中已经写明废弃原因:从1.5版本开始,其特性由父类AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现;

  • 查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector的源码,重点关注selectImports方法,该方法的返回值表明了哪些类会被实例化:
@Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) 
        if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) 
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        
        try 
            //将所有spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件中的键值对保存在autoConfigurationMetadata中
            AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
                    .loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
            AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
            //取得所有配置类的名称
            List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
                    attributes);
            configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
            configurations = sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
            Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
            configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
            configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
            fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
            return configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);
        
        catch (IOException ex) 
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        
    
  • 通过上述代码可以发现,getCandidateConfigurations方法的调用是个关键,它返回的字符串都是即将被实例化的类名,来看此方法源码:
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            AnnotationAttributes attributes) 
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
                getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
                "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
                        + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    
  • getCandidateConfigurations方法中,调用了静态方法SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames,上面提到的SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法是关键,看看官方文档对此静态方法的描述,如下图红框所示,该方法会在spring.factories文件中寻找指定接口对应的实现类的全名(包名+实现类):

  • 在getCandidateConfigurations方法中,调用SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames的时候传入的指定类型是getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass方法的返回值:
protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() 
        return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
    
  • 现在可以梳理一下了:
  • spring boot应用启动时使用了EnableAutoConfiguration注解;
  • EnableAutoConfiguration注解通过import注解将EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector类实例化,并且将其selectImports方法返回的类名实例化后注册到spring容器;
  • EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports方法返回的类名,来自spring.factories文件内的配置信息,这些配置信息的key等于EnableAutoConfiguration;

  • 现在真相大白了:只要我们在spring.factories文件内配置了EnableAutoConfiguration,那么对于的类就会被实例化后注册到spring容器;

  • 至此,《自定义spring boot starter三部曲》系列就完结了,希望实战加源码分析的三篇文章,能帮助您理解和实现自定义starter这种简单快捷的扩展方式;

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