Qt+ECharts开发笔记：ECharts的柱状图介绍基础使用和Qt封装Demo

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前言

  上一篇成功是EChart随着Qt窗口变化而变化，本篇将开始正式介绍柱状图介绍、基础使用，并将其封装一层Qt。
  本篇的demo实现了隐藏js代码的方式，实现了一个条形图的基本交互方式，即Qt调用js脚本操作html。

<br>

Demo演示

  

<br>

ECharts调试工具

  ECharts提供的纯JS代码编辑开发调试工具，可编辑js，并且查看运行效果：
  https://echarts.apache.org/examples/zh/editor.html
  
  开发过程中对于属性的查询和调试ECharts也提供了配置帮助。
  官方配置手册：https://echarts.apache.org/zh/option.html
  

<br>

目标

  随便找一个预期目标：
  

<br>

ECharts接口静态方式

  使用EChart调试工具开发，先调试出基础框架。
  这里贴出的全部代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>ECharts</title>
    <!-- 引入刚刚下载的 ECharts 文件 -->
    <!--<script src="echarts.js"></script>-->
    <script src="./echarts.js"></script>
    <!--<script src="D:/qtProject/echartsDemo/echartsDemo/modules/barEChartWidget/html/echarts.js"></script>-->
    <!--<script src="echarts.min.js"></script>-->
    <!--<script src="./echarts.min.js"></script>-->
    <!--<script src="./html/echarts.min.js"></script>-->
    <!--<script src="D:/qtProject/echartsDemo/echartsDemo/modules/barEChartWidget/html/echarts.min.js"></script>-->
  </head>
  <body>

    <!--设置body跟随查u哪个口，main填充body-->
    <style>
        #main,
        html,
        body
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            overflow: hidden;
        
        #main 
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        
    </style>

    <div id="main"></div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        // 基于准备好的dom，初始化echarts实例
        var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById(main));
        // 窗口高度变化设置
        window.onresize = function() 
            myChart.resize();
        ;
        // 指定图表的配置项和数据
        var option = 
            title: 
                text: ECharts 入门示例
            ,
            tooltip: ,
            legend: 
                data: [销量]
            ,
            xAxis: 
            data: [衬衫, 羊毛衫, 雪纺衫, 裤子, 高跟鞋, 袜子]
            ,
            yAxis: ,
            series: [
                
                    name: 销量,
                    type: bar,
                    data: [5, 20, 36, 10, 10, 20]
                
            ]
        ;
        // 使用刚指定的配置项和数据显示图表。
        myChart.setOption(option);

        function initJs() 
            var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById(main));
            var option;
            option = 
                tooltip: 
                    trigger: axis
                ,
                grid: 
                    left: 3%,
                    right: 4%,
                    bottom: 50,
                    containLabel: true
                ,
                legend: 
                    orient: horizontal,
                    x: center,
                    y: bottom,
                    itemGap: 100
                ,
                xAxis: 
                    type: value
                ,
                yAxis: 
                    type: category,
                    data: [项目1, 项目2, 项目3]
                ,
                series: [
                    
                        name: 变量1,
                        type: bar,
                        stack: totla,
                        label: 
                            show: true
                        ,
                        data: [11, 12, 13]
                    ,
                    
                        name: 子项目1,
                        type: bar,
                        stack: totla,
                        label: 
                            show: true
                        ,
                        data: [24, 20, 21]
                    ,
                    
                        name: 变量3,
                        type: bar,
                        stack: totla,
                        label: 
                            show: true
                        ,
                        data: [95, 87, 55]
                    
                ]
            ;
        ;
        initJs();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

<br>

ECharts接口动态方式

  动态方式，最初目的是为了动态实现数据的js操作，在开发过程中发现动态方式还能隐藏echarts代码，使echarts代码不被抓取，最后决定全部改为动态加载方式。

步骤一：修改html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>ECharts</title>
    <script src="./echarts.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <style>
        #main,
        html,
        body
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            overflow: hidden;
        
        #main 
            width: 95%;
            height: 95%;
        
    </style>
    <div id="main"></div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById(main));
        window.onresize = function() 
            myChart.resize();
        ;
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

步骤二：初始化

  新增了loadFinished信号槽关联。

void BarEChartWidget::initControl()

    _pWebEngineView = new QWebEngineView(this);
    _pWebEnginePage = new QWebEnginePage(this);
    _pWebChannel = new QWebChannel(this);
    QString filePath;
#if 1
    filePath = QString("%1/%2").arg(_htmlDir).arg(_indexFileName);
#else
    filePath = "qrc:/barEChartWidget/html/barEChartWidget.html";
#endif
    LOG << "file exist:" << QFile::exists(filePath) << filePath;
#if 0
    // 打印html文件内容
    QFile file(_indexFilePath);
    file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
    LOG << QString(file.readAll());
    file.close();
#endif
    connect(_pWebEnginePage, SIGNAL(loadFinished(bool)), this, SLOT(slot_loadFinished(bool)));
    _pWebEnginePage->load(QUrl(filePath));
    _pWebEnginePage->setWebChannel(_pWebChannel);
    _pWebEngineView->setPage(_pWebEnginePage);

    // 背景透明
//    _pWebEngineView->setStyleSheet("background-color: transparent");
    _pWebEnginePage->setBackgroundColor(Qt::transparent);

步骤三：加载完成页面后进行初始化

void BarEChartWidget::slot_loadFinished(bool result)

    if(result)
    
        initJs();
    

void BarEChartWidget::initJs()

    _initJsStr = QSTRING(
            "var option;"
            "option = "
            "    tooltip: "
            "        trigger: axis"
            "    ,"
            "    grid: "
            "        left: 10,"
            "        right: 10,"
            "        top: 10,"
            "        bottom: 30,"
            "        containLabel: true"
            "    ,"
            "    legend: "
            "        orient: horizontal,"
            "        x: center,"
            "        y: bottom,"
            "        itemGap: 20"
            "    ,"
            "    xAxis: "
            "        type: value"
            "    ,"
            "    yAxis: "
            "        type: category,"
            "        data: [项目1, 项目2, 项目3]"
            "    ,"
            "    series: ["
            "        "
            "            name: 变量1,"
            "            type: bar,"
            "            stack: totla,"
            "            label: "
            "                show: true"
            "            ,"
            "            data: [11, 12, 13]"
            "        ,"
            "        "
            "            name: 变量2,"
            "            type: bar,"
            "            stack: totla,"
            "            label: "
            "                show: true"
            "            ,"
            "            data: [24, 20, 21]"
            "        ,"
            "        "
            "            name: 变量3,"
            "            type: bar,"
            "            stack: totla,"
            "            label: "
            "                show: true"
            "            ,"
            "            data: [95, 87, 55]"
            "        "
            "    ]"
            ";"
            "myChart.setOption(option);");
    runJsScript(_initJsStr);


void BarEChartWidget::runJsScript(QString str)

    if(_pWebEnginePage)
    
        _pWebEnginePage->runJavaScript(str);

步骤四：动态执行js操作

重置

void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_reset_clicked()

    initJs();

刷新

void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_flush_clicked()

    QString jsStr =
            "var empty = ;"
            "myChart.setOption(empty, true);"
            "myChart.setOption(option, true);";
    runJsScript(jsStr);

清空

void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_clear_clicked()

    QString jsStr =
            "option.series[0].data = [];"
            "option.series[1].data = [];"
            "option.series[2].data = [];"
            "myChart.setOption(option, true);";
    runJsScript(jsStr);

随机生成（使用js代码）

void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_createRandom_clicked()

    QString jsStr =
    "var min = 0;"
    "var max = 100;"
    "for(var i = 0; i < option.series.length; i++)"
    ""
    "    for(var j = 0; j < option.yAxis.data.length; j++)"
    "    "
    "        option.series[i].data[j] = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;"
    "    "
    ""
    "myChart.setOption(option, true);";
    runJsScript(jsStr);

  后续用会将数据进行Qt的一份缓存数据，由Qt的数据去生成ecahrts的js脚本。

<br>

Demo

html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>ECharts</title>
    <script src="./echarts.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <style>
        #main,
        html,
        body
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            overflow: hidden;
        
        #main 
            width: 95%;
            height: 95%;
        
    </style>
    <div id="main"></div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById(main));
        window.onresize = function() 
            myChart.resize();
        ;
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

  在代码中使用js初始化echarts：
BarECartWidget.h

#ifndef BARECHARTWIDGET_H
#define BARECHARTWIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QWebEngineView>
#include <QWebEnginePage>
#include <QWebChannel>

namespace Ui 
class BarEChartWidget;


class BarEChartWidget : public QWidget

    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit BarEChartWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~BarEChartWidget();

protected:
    void initControl();

protected slots:
    void slot_loadFinished(bool result);

protected:
    void initJs();

protected:
    void runJsScript(QString str);

protected:
    void resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *event);

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_clear_clicked();
    void on_pushButton_flush_clicked();
    void on_pushButton_createRandom_clicked();
    void on_pushButton_reset_clicked();

private:
    Ui::BarEChartWidget *ui;

private:
    QWebEngineView *_pWebEngineView;            // 浏览器窗口
    QWebEnginePage *_pWebEnginePage;            // 浏览器页面
    QWebChannel *_pWebChannel;                  // 浏览器js交互

    QString _htmlDir;                           // html文件夹路径
    QString _indexFileName;                     // html文件

    QString _initJsStr;                         // 第一次初始化的表格
;

#endif // BARECHARTWIDGET_H

BarEChartWidget.cpp

#include "BarEChartWidget.h"
#include "ui_BarEChartWidget.h"

#include <QFile>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QTimer>

// QtCreator在msvc下设置编码也或有一些乱码，直接一刀切,避免繁琐的设置
//#define MSVC
#ifdef MSVC
#define QSTRING(s)  QString::fromLocal8Bit(s)
#else
#define QSTRING(s)  QString(s)
#endif

#include <QDebug>
#include <QDateTime>
//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__
//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<__FUNCTION__
//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QThread()::currentThread()
//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd")
#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss:zzz")

BarEChartWidget::BarEChartWidget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::BarEChartWidget),
    _pWebEngineView(0),
    _pWebEnginePage(0),
    _pWebChannel(0),
    _htmlDir("D:/qtProject/echartsDemo/echartsDemo/modules/barEChartWidget/html"),    // 使用了绝对路径,引到html文件夹
    _indexFileName("barEChartWidget.html")

    ui->setupUi(this);

    QString version = "v1.0.0";
    setWindowTitle(QString("基于Qt的ECharts条状图Demo %1(长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 WX:15173255813 blog:hpzwl.blog.csdn.net").arg(version));

    // 设置无边框，以及背景透明
    // 背景透明，在界面构架时，若为本窗口为其他窗口提升为本窗口时，
    // 则再qss会在主窗口第一级添加frame_all，防止其他窗口提升本窗口而冲掉qss设置
//    setWindowFlag(Qt::FramelessWindowHint);
//    setAttribute(Qt::WA_TranslucentBackground, true);

#if 0
    // 这是方法一：让滚动条不出来(通过大小)，还有一个方法是在html设置body的overflow: hidden
//    resize(600 + 20, 400 + 20);
#endif

    initControl();


BarEChartWidget::~BarEChartWidget()

    delete ui;


void BarEChartWidget::initControl()

    _pWebEngineView = new QWebEngineView(this);
    _pWebEnginePage = new QWebEnginePage(this);
    _pWebChannel = new QWebChannel(this);
    QString filePath;
#if 1
    filePath = QString("%1/%2").arg(_htmlDir).arg(_indexFileName);
#else
    filePath = "qrc:/barEChartWidget/html/barEChartWidget.html";
#endif
    LOG << "file exist:" << QFile::exists(filePath) << filePath;
#if 0
    // 打印html文件内容
    QFile file(_indexFilePath);
    file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
    LOG << QString(file.readAll());
    file.close();
#endif
    connect(_pWebEnginePage, SIGNAL(loadFinished(bool)), this, SLOT(slot_loadFinished(bool)));
    _pWebEnginePage->load(QUrl(filePath));
    _pWebEnginePage->setWebChannel(_pWebChannel);
    _pWebEngineView->setPage(_pWebEnginePage);

    // 背景透明
//    _pWebEngineView->setStyleSheet("background-color: transparent");
    _pWebEnginePage->setBackgroundColor(Qt::transparent);


void BarEChartWidget::slot_loadFinished(bool result)

    if(result)
    
        initJs();
    


void BarEChartWidget::initJs()

    _initJsStr = QSTRING(
            "var option;"
            "option = "
            "    tooltip: "
            "        trigger: axis"
            "    ,"
            "    grid: "
            "        left: 10,"
            "        right: 10,"
            "        top: 10,"
            "        bottom: 30,"
            "        containLabel: true"
            "    ,"
            "    legend: "
            "        orient: horizontal,"
            "        x: center,"
            "        y: bottom,"
            "        itemGap: 20"
            "    ,"
            "    xAxis: "
            "        type: value"
            "    ,"
            "    yAxis: "
            "        type: category,"
            "        data: [项目1, 项目2, 项目3]"
            "    ,"
            "    series: ["
            "        "
            "            name: 变量1,"
            "            type: bar,"
            "            stack: totla,"
            "            label: "
            "                show: true"
            "            ,"
            "            data: [11, 12, 13]"
            "        ,"
            "        "
            "            name: 变量2,"
            "            type: bar,"
            "            stack: totla,"
            "            label: "
            "                show: true"
            "            ,"
            "            data: [24, 20, 21]"
            "        ,"
            "        "
            "            name: 变量3,"
            "            type: bar,"
            "            stack: totla,"
            "            label: "
            "                show: true"
            "            ,"
            "            data: [95, 87, 55]"
            "        "
            "    ]"
            ";"
            "myChart.setOption(option);");
    runJsScript(_initJsStr);


void BarEChartWidget::runJsScript(QString str)

    if(_pWebEnginePage)
    
        _pWebEnginePage->runJavaScript(str);
    


void BarEChartWidget::resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *event)

    if(_pWebEngineView)
    
        _pWebEngineView->setGeometry(ui->label_echarts->geometry());
    


void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_clear_clicked()

    QString jsStr =
            "option.series[0].data = [];"
            "option.series[1].data = [];"
            "option.series[2].data = [];"
            "myChart.setOption(option, true);";
    runJsScript(jsStr);


void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_flush_clicked()

    QString jsStr =
            "var empty = ;"
            "myChart.setOption(empty, true);"
            "myChart.setOption(option, true);";
    runJsScript(jsStr);


void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_createRandom_clicked()

    QString jsStr =
    "var min = 0;"
    "var max = 100;"
    "for(var i = 0; i < option.series.length; i++)"
    ""
    "    for(var j = 0; j < option.yAxis.data.length; j++)"
    "    "
    "        option.series[i].data[j] = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;"
    "    "
    ""
    "myChart.setOption(option, true);";
    runJsScript(jsStr);


void BarEChartWidget::on_pushButton_reset_clicked()

    initJs();

<br>

入坑

入坑一：调用js函数失败

问题

  通过qt代码跑js调用函数失败。
  

  

原理

  先要等页面加载完成后才能调用定义的函数。

解决

  发现是调用成功了，原来只定义也会报这个错误。
  
  由此可以看出，在qt中去初始化需要等待页面加载完成才行。

入坑二：Qt的msvc编译器少数中文乱码

问题

  少数中文乱码，加空格等都无法解决。
  

解决

  最终解决了，尝试了QTextCodec等各种都不行，最终：
  
  

<br>

工程模板v1.2.0

  

<br>

后话

  条形图将会根据实际需求持续升级版本，下一篇会继续折线图的基础封装。

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