没有JDK和Maven，用Docker也能构建Maven工程

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场景

  • 在编译构建Maven工程的时候，以下两种情况偶尔会遇到：

    1. 当前电脑上没装Maven，甚至JDK都没装；
    2. 当前电脑装了JDK8，但要用JDK7编译构建当前工程；
  • 遇到上述情况，一般会将JDK和Maven装好并设置环境变量，再去编译构建Maven工程，但如果您的电脑已装了Docker，就能利用Maven的官方镜像快速创建一个编译环境，省去在当前电脑上安装JDK和Maven的操作；

实战环境

  • 本次实战涉及的电脑操作系统和Docker版本信息如下：
    1. 电脑：Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
    2. Docker：17.03.2-ce

实战步骤

  • 接下来我们开始实战Docker下编译构建Maven工程，整个实战由以下两部分组成：
    1. 准备一个Maven工程；
    2. 确定要用的Maven镜像；
    3. 用Docker来编译构建Maven工程；
    4. 如何多次编译构建；

准备一个Maven工程

  1. 本次实战要编译的工程是dubbo-2.6.2，工程源码下载地址：https://codeload.github.com/apache/incubator-dubbo/zip/dubbo-2.6.2
  2. 下载的是个压缩文件：incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2.zip，解压后是个文件夹：incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2；
  3. 在我的电脑上，incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2文件夹的完整路径是：/usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2；

确定要用的Maven镜像

  • 在正式编译前，要根据所需的JDK和Maven版本来决定用哪个Maven镜像；
    1. 例如本次编译的JDK我需要版本1.7，Maven我需要3.5.3版本；
    2. 浏览器打开网站：https://hub.docker.com，在顶部输入框输入"Maven"，开始搜索，如下图红框：
    3. 搜索结果的第一位就是Maven的官方镜像，点击“DETAILS”按钮进入详情页，如下图红框：
    4. 详情页列出了多个JDK和Maven版本的组合，如下图红框中就是JDK1.7和Maven3.5.3的组合，红框中是对应的TAG名称是3.5.3-jdk-7，所以我们要用的镜像就是：maven:3.5.3-jdk-7

Docker下编译构建Maven工程

  • 执行以下命令即可创建Maven容器，并自动编译构建dubbo工程： 
    docker run -it \\
--name mvn001 \\
-v /usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2:/usr/src/mymaven \\
-w /usr/src/mymaven maven:3.5.3-jdk-7 \\
mvn clean package -U -DskipTests
  • 以上的命令中有下面几处需要注意：
  • --name mvn001：表示容器名称为mvn001；
  • -v /usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2:/usr/src/mymaven：表示将当前电脑的 /usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2目录映射到Docker容器的/usr/src/mymaven目录，也就是dubbo源码的目录
  • -w /usr/src/mymaven maven:3.5.3-jdk-7：表示容器的工作目录为/usr/src/mymaven maven:3.5.3-jdk-7；

  • mvn clean package -U -DskipTests：表示启动容器后在工作目录下执行的命令；

  • 上述docker run命令执行后，在控制台可以看到Maven工程的构建情况，我的电脑处理器是Intel i5-6300HQ，耗时16分钟40秒完成构建，部分输出信息如下：

    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] dubbo-parent 2.6.2 ................................. SUCCESS [04:01 min]
[INFO] Hessian Lite(Alibaba embed version) ................ SUCCESS [01:03 min]
[INFO] dubbo-common ....................................... SUCCESS [ 28.003 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container .................................... SUCCESS [  0.055 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-api ................................ SUCCESS [  1.232 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-spring ............................. SUCCESS [ 12.893 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-log4j .............................. SUCCESS [  2.347 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-logback ............................ SUCCESS [  7.851 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization ................................ SUCCESS [  0.038 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-api ............................ SUCCESS [  1.243 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-hessian2 ....................... SUCCESS [  2.962 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.085 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-api ................................. SUCCESS [  5.449 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-netty ............................... SUCCESS [  6.837 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-mina ................................ SUCCESS [  5.502 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-grizzly ............................. SUCCESS [  9.261 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-p2p ................................. SUCCESS [  2.661 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-http ................................ SUCCESS [ 18.184 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-zookeeper ........................... SUCCESS [ 18.372 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-netty4 .............................. SUCCESS [  8.807 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc .......................................... SUCCESS [  0.078 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-api ...................................... SUCCESS [  3.656 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-dubbo .................................... SUCCESS [  3.874 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-injvm .................................... SUCCESS [  2.041 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-rmi ...................................... SUCCESS [  2.182 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-hessian .................................. SUCCESS [  3.967 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-http ..................................... SUCCESS [  3.702 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-webservice ............................... SUCCESS [ 20.707 s]
[INFO] dubbo-cluster ...................................... SUCCESS [  4.267 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.035 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-api ................................. SUCCESS [  3.252 s]
[INFO] dubbo-monitor ...................................... SUCCESS [  0.105 s]
[INFO] dubbo-monitor-api .................................. SUCCESS [  2.197 s]
[INFO] dubbo-filter ....................................... SUCCESS [  0.038 s]
[INFO] dubbo-filter-validation ............................ SUCCESS [  2.611 s]
[INFO] dubbo-filter-cache ................................. SUCCESS [  3.488 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-default ............................. SUCCESS [  2.697 s]
[INFO] dubbo-monitor-default .............................. SUCCESS [  2.153 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-multicast ........................... SUCCESS [  2.201 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-jdk ............................ SUCCESS [  2.756 s]
[INFO] dubbo-config ....................................... SUCCESS [  0.030 s]
[INFO] dubbo-config-api ................................... SUCCESS [ 14.171 s]
[INFO] dubbo-config-spring ................................ SUCCESS [  8.311 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-thrift ................................... SUCCESS [ 10.473 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-memcached ................................ SUCCESS [  3.533 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-redis .................................... SUCCESS [  4.025 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-rest ..................................... SUCCESS [ 25.898 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-zookeeper ........................... SUCCESS [  2.448 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-redis ............................... SUCCESS [ 11.810 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.045 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo-api ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.970 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo-provider ................................ SUCCESS [  1.461 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo-consumer ................................ SUCCESS [  1.457 s]
[INFO] dubbo-plugin ....................................... SUCCESS [  0.037 s]
[INFO] dubbo-qos .......................................... SUCCESS [  6.069 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-fastjson ....................... SUCCESS [  2.810 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-kryo ........................... SUCCESS [  2.859 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-fst ............................ SUCCESS [  3.499 s]
[INFO] dubbo-dependencies-bom ............................. SUCCESS [  4.641 s]
[INFO] dubbo-bom .......................................... SUCCESS [  0.009 s]
[INFO] dubbo-all .......................................... SUCCESS [05:26 min]
[INFO] dubbo-test ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.111 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-benchmark ............................... SUCCESS [ 51.229 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-compatibility ........................... SUCCESS [  0.103 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-spring3 ................................. SUCCESS [  5.693 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-integration ............................. SUCCESS [  0.203 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-examples 2.6.2 .......................... SUCCESS [  3.866 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16:40 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-05-20T13:53:50Z
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 构建成功后，去当前电脑的/usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2目录下，打开每个子工程都能见到对应的target目录，以dubbo-monitor/dubbo-monitor-api为例，target中的内容如下： 
    root@maven:/usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2/dubbo-monitor/dubbo-monitor-api/target# pwd
/usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2/dubbo-monitor/dubbo-monitor-api/target
root@maven:/usr/local/work/dubbo262/incubator-dubbo-dubbo-2.6.2/dubbo-monitor/dubbo-monitor-api/target# ls
classes                      dubbo-monitor-api-2.6.2-sources.jar  generated-test-sources  maven-status
dubbo-monitor-api-2.6.2.jar  generated-sources                    maven-archiver          test-classes

如何多次编译构建

  • 编译Maven工程成功后，由于容器中的mvn进程不再占有终端输出，会导致容器自动停止了，执行docker ps -a可以见到容器状态如下所示： 
    root@maven:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
184591657e9c        maven:3.5.3-jdk-7   "/usr/local/bin/mv..."   30 minutes ago      Exited (0) About a minute ago                       mvn001

  • 可见状态是Exited (0)，容器确实停止了；

  • 那么问题来了：如果我们修改代码后要再编译构建工程，该怎么做呢？再次通过docker run命令重新创建一个容器？新的容器要重新下载所有依赖的jar包，这太慢了；

  • 试试下面的方法：
  • 执行命令docker start mvn001，将容器启动起来；

  • 执行命令docker logs -f mvn001，你会发现容器已经开始自动编译构建了，以下是正在滚动中的控制台输出：

    [INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.0.0:clean (default-clean) @ dubbo-rpc-api ---
[INFO] Deleting /usr/src/mymaven/dubbo-rpc/dubbo-rpc-api/target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-enforcer-plugin:1.0:enforce (enforce-maven) @ dubbo-rpc-api ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco-maven-plugin:0.8.1:prepare-agent (jacoco-initialize) @ dubbo-rpc-api ---
[INFO] jacocoArgLine set to -javaagent:/root/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.agent/0.8.1/org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar=destfile=/usr/src/mymaven/dubbo-rpc/dubbo-rpc-api/target/jacoco.exec
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ dubbo-rpc-api ---
[INFO] Using UTF-8 encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO] Copying 0 resource to META-INF/
[INFO] Copying 2 resources to META-INF/
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.6.0:compile (default-compile) @ dubbo-rpc-api ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 62 source files to /usr/src/mymaven/dubbo-rpc/dubbo-rpc-api/target/classes
[INFO]
  • 静候构建结束，如下所示，这一次耗时8分钟14秒，明显减少了： 
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] dubbo-parent 2.6.2 ................................. SUCCESS [  1.950 s]
[INFO] Hessian Lite(Alibaba embed version) ................ SUCCESS [  9.596 s]
[INFO] dubbo-common ....................................... SUCCESS [ 10.491 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container .................................... SUCCESS [  0.080 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-api ................................ SUCCESS [  1.615 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-spring ............................. SUCCESS [  2.636 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-log4j .............................. SUCCESS [  2.465 s]
[INFO] dubbo-container-logback ............................ SUCCESS [  2.450 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization ................................ SUCCESS [  0.060 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-api ............................ SUCCESS [  1.490 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-hessian2 ....................... SUCCESS [  3.361 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.082 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-api ................................. SUCCESS [  6.229 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-netty ............................... SUCCESS [  3.264 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-mina ................................ SUCCESS [  2.826 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-grizzly ............................. SUCCESS [  1.837 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-p2p ................................. SUCCESS [  2.885 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-http ................................ SUCCESS [  3.074 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-zookeeper ........................... SUCCESS [  3.117 s]
[INFO] dubbo-remoting-netty4 .............................. SUCCESS [  3.162 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc .......................................... SUCCESS [  0.037 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-api ...................................... SUCCESS [  4.591 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-dubbo .................................... SUCCESS [  4.493 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-injvm .................................... SUCCESS [  2.519 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-rmi ...................................... SUCCESS [  2.615 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-hessian .................................. SUCCESS [  2.821 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-http ..................................... SUCCESS [  1.617 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-webservice ............................... SUCCESS [  1.874 s]
[INFO] dubbo-cluster ...................................... SUCCESS [  5.554 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry ..................................... SUCCESS [  0.088 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-api ................................. SUCCESS [  3.673 s]
[INFO] dubbo-monitor ...................................... SUCCESS [  0.053 s]
[INFO] dubbo-monitor-api .................................. SUCCESS [  2.580 s]
[INFO] dubbo-filter ....................................... SUCCESS [  0.022 s]
[INFO] dubbo-filter-validation ............................ SUCCESS [  1.583 s]
[INFO] dubbo-filter-cache ................................. SUCCESS [  2.794 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-default ............................. SUCCESS [  3.081 s]
[INFO] dubbo-monitor-default .............................. SUCCESS [  2.577 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-multicast ........................... SUCCESS [  2.492 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-jdk ............................ SUCCESS [  3.903 s]
[INFO] dubbo-config ....................................... SUCCESS [  0.046 s]
[INFO] dubbo-config-api ................................... SUCCESS [  4.661 s]
[INFO] dubbo-config-spring ................................ SUCCESS [  5.146 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-thrift ................................... SUCCESS [  6.081 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-memcached ................................ SUCCESS [  1.538 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-redis .................................... SUCCESS [  1.696 s]
[INFO] dubbo-rpc-rest ..................................... SUCCESS [  2.224 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-zookeeper ........................... SUCCESS [  2.971 s]
[INFO] dubbo-registry-redis ............................... SUCCESS [  2.872 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.064 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo-api ..................................... SUCCESS [  1.197 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo-provider ................................ SUCCESS [  1.849 s]
[INFO] dubbo-demo-consumer ................................ SUCCESS [  1.662 s]
[INFO] dubbo-plugin ....................................... SUCCESS [  0.028 s]
[INFO] dubbo-qos .......................................... SUCCESS [  3.424 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-fastjson ....................... SUCCESS [  3.242 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-kryo ........................... SUCCESS [  3.567 s]
[INFO] dubbo-serialization-fst ............................ SUCCESS [  3.159 s]
[INFO] dubbo-dependencies-bom ............................. SUCCESS [  0.079 s]
[INFO] dubbo-bom .......................................... SUCCESS [  0.011 s]
[INFO] dubbo-all .......................................... SUCCESS [05:16 min]
[INFO] dubbo-test ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.143 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-benchmark ............................... SUCCESS [ 12.323 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-compatibility ........................... SUCCESS [  0.087 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-spring3 ................................. SUCCESS [  1.665 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-integration ............................. SUCCESS [  0.146 s]
[INFO] dubbo-test-examples 2.6.2 .......................... SUCCESS [  4.511 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 08:14 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-05-20T14:36:42Z
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • 用docker ps -a命令查看容器状态，再次停止了；

  • 去工程的target目录下，里面有最新构建的工程结果；

  • 小结：每次构建完成容器会自动停止，用docker start命令启动容器后会自动开始构建；

  • 以上就是Docker下通过Maven容器构建工程的全部实战内容，如果您遇到没有JDK或者不想变动JDK版本的情况，可以找一台有Docker的电脑，用上述方法来快速构建工程；

  • 另外提醒一句：pom.xml文件中一般会配置JDK的版本，这个版本号要和Maven镜像中的JDK版本一致，否则编译期间会报错；

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