docker基础用法

Posted 2022-05-17 大头叔叔

1. ​​什么是docker​​​
2. ​OCI&OCF​

1. ​​OCI​​​
2. ​​OCF​​​

3. ​​docker架构​​​
4. ​​docker镜像与镜像仓库​​​
5. ​​docker对象​​​
6. ​​安装及使用docker​​​
7. ​​docker安装​​​
8. ​​docker加速​​​
9. ​​docker常用操作​​​
10. ​​docker event state​​​

什么是docker​

docker中的容器：​

1. lxc --> libcontainer --> runC​

OCI&OCF​

OCI​

Open Container-initiative​

1. 由Linux基金会主导于2015年6月创立​
2. 旨在围绕容器格式和运行时制定一个开放的工业化标准​
3. contains two specifications

1. the Runtime Specification（runtime-spec）​
2. the Image Specification（image-spec）​

OCF​

Open Container Format​

runC is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers according to the OCI specification​

1. Containers are started as a child process of runC and can be embedded into various other systems without having to run a daemon​
2. runC is built on libcontainer, the same container technology powering millions of Docker Engine installations​

docker提供了一个专门容纳容器镜像的站点：​​https://hub.docker.com​​​

docker架构​

docker镜像与镜像仓库​

为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。​

镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。​

docker对象​

When you use docker, you are creating and using images, containers, networks, volumes, pluginns, and other objects.​

1. IMAGES

1. An image is a read-only template with instructions for creating a docker container.​
2. Often, an image is based on another image, with some additional customization.​
3. You might create your own images or you might only use those created by others and published in a registry.​

2. CONTAINERS

1. A conntainer is a runnable instance of an image.​
2. You can create, run, stop, move, or delete a container using the docker API or CLI.​
3. You can connect a container to one or more networks, attach storage to it, or even create a new image based on its current state.​

安装及使用docker​

docker安装​

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/​

curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo​

sed -i s@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g docker-ce.repo​

yum -y install docker-ce​

docker加速​

docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。​

docker的加速有多种方式：​

1. docker cn​
2. 中国科技大学加速器​
3. 阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）​

systemctl start docker​

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF​

​

"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]​

​

EOF​

systemctl restart docker​

docker version​

docker info​

docker常用操作​

命令​	功能​
docker search​	Search the Docker Hub for images​
docker pull​	Pull an image or a repository from a registry​
docker images​	List images​
docker create​	Create a new conntainer​
docker start​	Start one or more stopped containers​
docker run​	Run a command in a new container​
docker attach​	Attach to a runninng container​
docker ps​	List containers​
docker logs​	Fetch the logs of a container​
docker restart​	Restart a container​
docker stop​	Stop one or more running containers​
docker kill​	Kill one or more running containers​
docker rm​	Remove onne or more containers​
docker exec​	Run a command in a running container​
docker info​	Display system-wide information​
docker inspect​	Return low-level information on Docker objects​

docker event state​

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