Android 6.0权限申请

Posted 2020-09-06 静待花开*^_^*

 一、6.0发布权限变化

1.android需要手动加入权限申请原因：

1)权限分为了两类：一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。

• Normal Permissions如下

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

• Dangerous Permissions:

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

group:android.permission-group.PHONE
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA

group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

2)权限不是所有的都自动允许给你的app的，默认是没有Dangerous Permission的，需要用户手动去申请，否则功能不能使用，例如：拍照、选取相册、下载、录音、打电话、发短信等等，可能会造成Crash崩溃。

3)6.0及之后系统不会自动去申请权限，也不会给提示，故需要手动自己添加申请。

二、Android程序内部加入6.0权限申请

1.确定自己App哪些地方需要申请？
针对自己对应的地方去写权限请求。

例如：拍照、选取相册、下载、录音、打电话、发短信等等；

android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA；

android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE

android.Manifest.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS；

android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO；
等等，
注意：Manifests里边必须注册权限，低版本手机才能用，高版本手机才可以申请。

2.申请权限并处理

1）在AndroidManifest文件中添加需要的权限,例：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>

2）加入检查权限的判断，例：

　　if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
 　　}else{
 　　// 
　　}
这里涉及到一个API，ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission，主要用于检测某个权限是否已经被授予，方法返回值

3）没有这个权限，去请求权限

　ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

该方法是异步的，第一个参数是Context；第二个参数是需要申请的权限的字符串数组；第三个参数为requestCode，主要用于回调的时候检测。可以从方法名requestPermissions以及第二个参数看出，是支持一次性申请多个权限的，系统会通过对话框逐一询问用户是否授权。

4）处理权限申请回调

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
        String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.

            } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
            }
            return;
        }
    }
}

对于权限的申请结果，首先验证requestCode定位到你的申请，然后验证grantResults对应于申请的结果，这里的数组对应于申请时的第二个权限字符串数组。如果你同时申请两个权限，那么grantResults的length就为2，分别记录你两个权限的申请结果。如果申请成功，就可以做你的事情了~

3.针对大部分权限申请封装

1）权限工具类：PermissionUtils

package com.up366.mobile.common.utils;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.view.View;

import com.up366.common.log.Logger;
import com.up366.mobile.R;
import com.up366.mobile.common.ui.baseui.BaseActivity;
import com.up366.mobile.common.ui.baseui.BaseFragmentActivity;
import com.up366.mobile.common.ui.baseui.IPermissionsCallback;

/**
 * @author 王静
 * @description 权限申请公用类
 * @date 2017年3月9日 下午1:55:37
 */
public class PermissionUtils {

    public static int permisionIndexCount = 1;
    public static final int PERMISSION_ALL = 0;
    public static final int PERMISSION_CAMERA = 1;
    public static final int PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 2;
    public static final int PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 3;
    public static final int PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = 4;
    public static final int PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = 5;

    /**
     * 检查权限
     *
     * @param context
     * @param permissionsCallback：回调做后续操作
     */
    public static void requestToUserPermission(Context context, IPermissionsCallback permissionsCallback) {
        //BaseActivity将PermissionsCallback传入，应用同一个callBack做同样的后续操作
        if (context instanceof BaseActivity) {
            ((BaseActivity) context).setPermissionsCallback(permissionsCallback);
        } else if (context instanceof BaseFragmentActivity) {
            ((BaseFragmentActivity) context).setPermissionsCallback(permissionsCallback);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("not Activity context");
        }
        //判断是哪种类型权限申请
        switch (permisionIndexCount) {
            case PERMISSION_ALL://所有的，针对小米6.0手机权限有问题，启动不了项目，故去掉刚刚进入app的MainVkActivity就调用申请，可写到内部的Fragment
                int i = 0;
                String[] permissionStr = new String[6];
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    permissionStr[i++] = android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
                }
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    permissionStr[i++] = android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
                }
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    permissionStr[i++] = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
                }
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    permissionStr[i++] = android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
                    permissionStr[i++] = android.Manifest.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS;
                }
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    permissionStr[i++] = android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
                }
                if (permissionStr.length != 0)
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, permissionStr, 100);//去请求所有权限
                break;
            case PERMISSION_CAMERA://相机权限也要有存储权限
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    //没有此权限，去请求权限
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 100);
                } else {
                    //有权限，直接回去做后续操作
                    handleResult(context, permisionIndexCount);
                }
                break;
            case PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 100);
                } else {
                    handleResult(context, permisionIndexCount);
                }
                break;
            case PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 100);
                } else {
                    handleResult(context, permisionIndexCount);
                }
                break;
            case PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE:
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE, Manifest.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS}, 100);
                } else {
                    handleResult(context, permisionIndexCount);
                }
                break;
            case PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO:
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO}, 100);
                } else {
                    handleResult(context, permisionIndexCount);
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 有权限，直接去做后续操作
     *
     * @param context
     * @param permisionIndexCount：权限类型index
     */
    private static void handleResult(Context context, int permisionIndexCount) {
        IPermissionsCallback permissionsCallback = null;
        if (context instanceof BaseActivity) {
            permissionsCallback = ((BaseActivity) context).getPermissionsCallback();
        } else if (context instanceof BaseFragmentActivity) {
            permissionsCallback = ((BaseFragmentActivity) context).getPermissionsCallback();
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("not Activity context");
        }
        if (permissionsCallback == null) {
            Logger.warn("没有注册IPermissionsCallback");
        } else {
            permissionsCallback.onResult(permisionIndexCount);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 申请权限，回调
     *
     * @param requestCode：code码=100成功
     * @param permissions:所请求的权限名称
     * @param grantResults：请求结果：PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED申请被用户点禁用；PERMISSION_GRANTED申请成功
     * @param context：上下文
     * @param result：回调，回去做后续操作
     */
    public static void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults, final Context context, doSomethingResult result) {
        if (requestCode == 100) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
                    if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {//拒绝啦
                        String msg = "";
                        String permissionName = "";
                        switch (permisionIndexCount) {//根据请求的类型，弹提示“您已禁用应用所需权限，有些功能将无法使用，请返回重新尝试，并选择允许权限。”
                            case PERMISSION_ALL:
                                msg = context.getString(R.string.permission_all);
                                permissionName = "相关权限";
                                break;
                            case PERMISSION_CAMERA:
                                msg = context.getString(R.string.permission_camera);
                                permissionName = "相机权限";
                                break;
                            case PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                                msg = context.getString(R.string.permission_read_exteranal_storage);
                                permissionName = "存储权限";
                                break;
                            case PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                                msg = context.getString(R.string.permission_write_exteranal_storage);
                                permissionName = "存储权限";
                                break;
                            case PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE:
                                msg = context.getString(R.string.permission_read_phone_state);
                                permissionName = "电话权限";
                                break;
                            case PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO:
                                msg = context.getString(R.string.permission_read_exteranal_storage);
                                permissionName = "录音权限";
                                break;
                        }
                        //这个用户拒绝了权限请求，并且选择了不再提示！跳转至设置页面
                        //shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale方法只能在23及以上版本调用
                        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && !((Activity) context).shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions[i])) {

                            new CuDialog(context).create(R.layout.permission_denyed_forerer_to_setting)
                                    .setText(R.id.dialog_msg, "无法获取" + permissionName + "，需要手动授权，否则该功能无法使用。")
                                    .setOnClickListener(new int[]{R.id.dialog_leftbtn, R.id.dialog_rightbtn}, new View.OnClickListener() {
                                        @Override
                                        public void onClick(View v) {
                                            if (v.getId() == R.id.dialog_rightbtn) {//去设置
                                                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                                                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", context.getPackageName(), null);
                                                intent.setData(uri);
                                                ((Activity) context).startActivityForResult(intent, 1024);
                                                return;
                                            } else if (v.getId() == R.id.dialog_leftbtn) {//取消

                                            }
                                        }
                                    }).show();
                        } else {
                            CuDialog.showOkDialog((Activity) context, msg);
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                }
                //权限被同意，做后续操作
                result.onResult(permisionIndexCount);

            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 做后续操作接口
     */
    public interface doSomethingResult {
        void onResult(int permisionIndexCount);
    }
}

PermissionUtils的gist链接：https://gist.github.com/wangjing0311/bf33938d2a762870d406a1b10ace75fe

2）所用接口：IPermissionsCallback

package com.up366.mobile.common.ui.baseui;

public interface IPermissionsCallback {

        void onResult(int permisionIndexCount);
}

3）BaseActivity与BaseFragmentActivity加入

onRequestPermissionsResult回调处理，还有IPermissionsCallback变量及get,set方法

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    if (permissionsCallback != null)
        PermissionUtils.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this, new PermissionUtils.doSomethingResult() {
            @Override
            public void onResult(int permisionIndexCount) {
                permissionsCallback.onResult(permisionIndexCount);
            }
        });
}

private IPermissionsCallback permissionsCallback;

public void setPermissionsCallback(IPermissionsCallback permissionsCallback) {
    this.permissionsCallback = permissionsCallback;
}

public IPermissionsCallback getPermissionsCallback() {
    return permissionsCallback;
}

4）Activity中权限申请的调用：

PermissionUtils.permisionIndexCount = PermissionUtils.PERMISSION_CAMERA;
PermissionUtils.requestToUserPermission(AlertUserInfoActivity.this, permissionsCallback);

及回调处理：

private IPermissionsCallback permissionsCallback = new IPermissionsCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onResult(int permisionIndexCount) {
        switch (permisionIndexCount) {
            case 1:
                takePictureToPhoto();
                break;
            case 2:
                getLocalPicToPhoto();
                break;
        }
    }
};

本人封装处理，已用感觉比较好用，敬请使用。