Keepalived+LVS实战案例: 双主架构实现WEB和MariaDB负载均衡及高可用
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概要说明:双主是指两台Keepalived / LVS服务器,互为冗余,在其中一台上(IP:192.168.250.18)以master方式 VIP 192.168.250.100 代理转发后端WEB服务,同时这台以slave方式代理转发mariadb的服务请求;在另外一台上(IP:192.168.250.28)以master方式 VIP 192.168.250.200 代理转发mariadb的服务请求,同时这台以slave方式代理转发WEB;当任何一台发生故障都会将全部转发请求转移到另外一台上,这样充分地利用了运算资源,也提供了高可靠性。
本文以比较简要的方式进行描述,详细解读可以参考前文《Keepalived+LVS实战案例(一): 单主架构实现WEB负载均衡及高可用》
1. 拓扑结构及主机环境
# 七台主机
1 2台web服务器 :
主机名:WebServer-IP17
CentOS 7.9
IP:192.168.250.17
主机名:WebServer-IP27
CentOS 7.9
IP:192.168.250.27
2 2台 MariaDB 数据库服务器 :
主机名:MariaDB-IP37
CentOS 7.9
IP:192.168.250.37
主机名:MariaDB-IP47
CentOS 7.9
IP:192.168.250.47
3 2台 keepalived 服务器 :
主机名: KA-IP18
CentOS 8.4
IP:192.168.250.18/24
Keepalived v2.1.5 (07/13,2020)
主机名: KA-IP28
CentOS 8.4
IP:192.168.250.28/24
Keepalived v2.1.5 (07/13,2020)
4 1台client主机 :
主机名:Client-IP172-8
CentOS 8.4
IP:172.16.0.8/24 NAT成192.168.250.254 访问192.168.250.X网段
2. 配置后端WEB服务器及数据库RS服务
简要说明:按照架构图,需要IP17 / IP27 两台WEB服务器,安装好httpd及定义好首页内容,并按照LVS-DR对后端RS服务器的配置要求(关闭ARP宣告和接受;绑定VIP地址等)完成配置。同样需要准备两台 IP37 /IP47 两台 MariaDB 数据库服务器。
2.1 配置WEB服务器
# 基础环境包括CentOS操作系统的优化、防火墙关闭、同步时间等都要做好,我们按照规划的架构图对四台服务器进行分组并重新命名
# 修改服务器名称
[root@centos79 <sub>]# hostnamectl set-hostname WebServer-IP17
[root@centos79 </sub>]# exit
# 修改NTP服务器地址为阿里云的NTP 启用时钟同步服务
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]#timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
[root@webserver-ip17 </sub>]#sed -i /^server/cserver ntp.aliyun.com iburst /etc/chrony.conf
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]#systemctl enable --now chronyd.service
# 安装Apache
[root@webserver-ip17 </sub>]#yum -y install httpd
# 定义web主页文件
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]#yum -y install httpd;hostname > /var/www/html/indexTmp.html;hostname -I >> /var/www/html/indexTmp.html;cat /var/www/html/indexTmp.html | xargs > /var/www/html/index.html;rm -rf /var/www/html/indexTmp.html;systemctl enable --now httpd
# 启动Apache服务,并开机自启
[root@webserver-ip17 </sub>]#systemctl enable --now httpd
# 验证
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]# curl 192.168.250.17
webserver-ip17 192.168.250.17
[root@webserver-ip17 </sub>]#
################################################################################
#### 同样的方式完成另外一台 webserver-ip27 192.168.250.27 的Apache的配置和调试
####################################################################################
#### 用脚本修改于LVS相关的配置 lvs_dr_rs.sh 内容,在VS-Code内修改好上传到两个WEB-RS服务器上运行
vip=192.168.250.100
mask=255.255.255.255
dev=lo:1
case $1 in
start)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
ifconfig $dev $vip netmask $mask
echo "The RS Server is Ready!"
;;
stop)
ifconfig $dev down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "The RS Server is Canceled!"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $(basename $0) start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
## IP192.168.250.17 上的配置过程
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring lvs_dr_rs.sh...
100% 728 bytes 728 bytes/sec 00:00:01 0 Errors
[root@webserver-ip17 </sub>]# bash
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]# bash lvs_dr_rs.sh
Usage: lvs_dr_rs.sh start|stop
[root@webserver-ip17 </sub>]# bash lvs_dr_rs.sh start
The RS Server is Ready!
# 查看绑定是否成功
[root@webserver-ip17 <sub>]# ip a
## 同样的方式在 IP192.168.250.27 上的配置
[root@webserver-ip27 </sub>]# bash lvs_dr_rs.sh start
The RS Server is Ready!
# 查看绑定是否成功
[root@webserver-ip27 ~]# ip a
2.2 配置MariaDB数据库服务器
#### 准备好基础的环境、按照拓扑修改主机名、
[root@centos79 <sub>]# hostnamectl set-hostname MariaDB-IP37
[root@centos79 </sub>]# exit
# 安装mariadb,并启动、开机自启、授权
[root@mariadb-ip37 <sub>]# yum -y install mariadb-server
[root@mariadb-ip37 </sub>]# mysql -e grant all on *.* to test@"%.%.%.%" identified by "shone8888"
[root@mariadb-ip37 <sub>]# systemctl enable --now mariadb.service
# 用脚本修改和LVS相关的内容,这个VIP是 192.168.250.200 WEB绑定的是192.168.250.100 这就是我们说的双主
[root@mariadb-ip37 </sub>]#vim lvs_dr_rs.sh
vip=192.168.250.200
mask=255.255.255.255
dev=lo:1
case $1 in
start)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
ifconfig $dev $vip netmask $mask
echo "The RS Server is Ready!"
;;
stop)
ifconfig $dev down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "The RS Server is Canceled!"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $(basename $0) start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@mariadb-ip37 <sub>]# bash lvs_dr_rs.sh start
The RS Server is Ready!
[root@mariadb-ip37 </sub>]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.250.200/32 scope global lo:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a3:ef:ca brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.250.37/24 brd 192.168.250.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea3:efca/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 在IP192.168.250.47 上重复上面的步骤,完成LVS-DR的lo-IP地址设置,并关闭arp宣告和接收
# 配置完成后再本机上测试访问
[root@CentOS84-IP172-08 ]#mysql -utest -pshone8888 -h192.168.250.37 -e select @@hostname
+--------------------------+
| @@hostname |
+--------------------------+
| mariadb-ip192.168.250.37 |
+--------------------------+
[root@CentOS84-IP172-08 ]#mysql -utest -pshone8888 -h192.168.250.47 -e select @@hostname
+--------------------------+
| @@hostname |
+--------------------------+
| mariadb-ip192.168.250.47 |
+--------------------------+
[root@CentOS84-IP172-08 ]#
2.3 keepalived 基础配置
简要说明:配置好keepalived 地全局配置、vrrp的配置。 本次我们沿用的是单播方式,如果需要启用多播方式,只需要注释掉单播的配置,开启多播的配置行(在下面的配置文件中也有,只需要去掉 # 注释行头)。
2.3.1 Keepalived-IP18的配置
[root@Keepalived-IP18 ]#cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs
notification_email
root@shone.cn
notification_email_from admin@shone.cn
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id KA-IP18
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
#vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.0.18
vrrp_instance VI_IP100
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 100
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication
auth_type PASS
auth_pass shone888
virtual_ipaddress
192.168.250.100 dev eth0 label eth0:1
unicast_src_ip 192.168.250.18
unicast_peer
192.168.250.28
vrrp_instance VI_IP200
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 200
priority 80
advert_int 1
authentication
auth_type PASS
auth_pass shone888
virtual_ipaddress
192.168.250.200 dev eth0 label eth0:2
unicast_src_ip 192.168.250.18
unicast_peer
192.168.250.28
[root@Keepalived-IP18 ]#systemctl restart keepalived
[root@Keepalived-IP18 ]#
2.3.2 Keepalived-IP28的配置
[root@Keepalived-IP28 ]#cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs
notification_email
root@shone.cn
notification_email_from admin@shone.cn
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id KA-IP28
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
#vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.0.18
vrrp_instance VI_IP100
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Keepalived+LVS实战案例: 单主架构实现WEB负载均衡及可用