Nginx 实践案例（源码编译安装方式）：利用LNMP搭建wordpress站点

Posted 2022-03-31 njsummer

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LNMP是Linux + nginx + mysql + php 四个系统的首字母缩写，相对于 LAMP（Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP ）来说的。曾经在虚拟主机建站界风靡一时，随着新的编程语言和容器技术、微服务等发展，慢慢没落了，尤其是PHP编程语言的使用量急剧下降了。

WordPress是一款能让您建立出色网站、博客或应用程序的开源软件。它具有美观的设计，强大的功能，可以助您自由发挥心中所想。WordPress既是免费的，也是无价的。

# 本实践过程中的系统及环境描述
L：Linux     https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
N：Nginx     https://nginx.org/en/download.html
M：MySQL     https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
P：PHP       http://php.net/downloads.php
Wordpress    https://cn.wordpress.org/latest-zh_CN.tar.gz
#部署规划：
192.168.250.47：Nginx php-fpm 运行web服务
192.168.250.48：运行MySQL数据库,Redis服务

1. 架构拓扑及主机说明

Nginx

# 三台主机
1  1台  Linux+Nginx+PHP+WordPress （简称 LNP） 服务器 ：
主机名：LNP-Server-IP47
CentOS 7.9
IP:192.168.250.47


2  1台 MySQL+Redis 服务器 ：
主机名： MySQL-Redis-IP48
CentOS 8.4
IP:192.168.250.48/24

3  1台 client主机 ：
WIN10-PC机

2. 准备 MySQL 数据库

# CentOS系统的优化，可以查以前的文章；按照架构图修改好主机名
[root@CentOS84-IP48 ]#hostnamectl set-hostname MySQL-Redis-IP48
[root@CentOS84-IP48 ]#exit

# yum 安装 mysql-server 数据库
[root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#yum info mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 19:31:21 ago on Mon 28 Mar 2022 02:34:38 AM CST.
Available Packages
Name         : mysql-server
Version      : 8.0.26
[root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#yum -y install mysql-server

# 启动服务并开启自启
[root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#systemctl enable --now mysqld

# 进入数据库
[root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type help; or \\h for help. Type \\c to clear the current input statement.
# 创建 wordpress 库
mysql> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# 创建wordpress的数据库账户名和密码
mysql> create user wordpress@192.168.250.% identified by 123456;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 数据库授权
mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@192.168.250.%;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 本机登录并验证数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use wordpress
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#

3. 网络验证MySQL服务

# 通过网络在另外一台机器上登录上面建好的数据库服务器
# 安装数据库客户端 mysql 包
[root@CentOS84-IP172-48 ]#yum -y install mysql

# 网络方式登录远程数据库
[root@CentOS84-IP172-48 ]#mysql -uwordpress -p123456 -h192.168.250.48
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type help; or \\h for help. Type \\c to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

4. 配置 LNP 服务器

基本任务：编译安装和部署 php 支持 redis，并准备配置和启动服务文件，启动 php-fpm；编译安装Nginx ，并准备配置和启动服务文件，启动Nginx

4.1 部署php-fpm服务

# 按照架构图修改好主机名
[root@centos79 <sub>]# hostnamectl set-hostname LNP-Server-IP47
[root@centos79 </sub>]# exit

# 安装编译PHP需要的依赖包
[root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel sqlite-devel oniguruma-devel

# 下载 php-7.4.28.tar.xz 源码包
[root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.28.tar.xz
[root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# ll -h php-7.4.28.tar.xz 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10M Feb 15 21:40 php-7.4.28.tar.xz

# 解压源码包，进入源码包所在目录
[root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# tar xf php-7.4.28.tar.xz 
[root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# ll
total 11220
drwxr-xr-x  9 1001 1001      186 Mar 28 17:06 nginx-1.20.2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1062124 Nov 16 22:51 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
drwxrwxr-x 16 root root     4096 Feb 15 21:23 php-7.4.28
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 10418352 Feb 15 21:40 php-7.4.28.tar.xz

# 准备编译参数
[root@lnp-server-ip47 src]#cd  php-7.4.28/
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/php74 --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm -enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo
....................................
Thank you for using PHP.    # 需要看到这个信息才算成功了

# 查看cpu个数，作为编译参数CPU选项输入
[root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                8
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-7
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# 

# 编译安装
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# make -j 8 && make install

...................  #此处删除很多屏显内容，需要看到下面成功信息再进入下一步
Build complete.
Dont forget to run make test.

Installing shared extensions:     /apps/php74/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20190902/
Installing PHP CLI binary:        /apps/php74/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page:      /apps/php74/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary:        /apps/php74/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM defconfig:     /apps/php74/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page:      /apps/php74/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page:   /apps/php74/php/php/fpm/
Installing phpdbg binary:         /apps/php74/bin/
Installing phpdbg man page:       /apps/php74/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary:        /apps/php74/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page:      /apps/php74/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment:     /apps/php74/lib/php/build/
Installing header files:          /apps/php74/include/php/
Installing helper programs:       /apps/php74/bin/
  program: phpize
  program: php-config
Installing man pages:             /apps/php74/php/man/man1/
  page: phpize.1
  page: php-config.1
/usr/local/src/php-7.4.28/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /apps/php74/bin/phar.phar
ln -s -f phar.phar /apps/php74/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:           /apps/php74/include/php/ext/pdo/

##############################################################################
## 准备 php 配置文件
# 从配置文件模板复制，并进行修改
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.28/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

# 进入当时编译参数内定义的目录 /apps/php74/    从模板复制创建 php-fpm.conf
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# cd /apps/php74/etc
[root@lnp-server-ip47 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

# 进入子配置文件目录，从模板 文件创建 www.conf  
[root@lnp-server-ip47 etc]# cd php-fpm.d/

[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf   
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# 

# 按照本实践的思路修改 www.conf
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# vim www.conf
;user = nobody
user = www

;group = nobody
group = www

;pm.status_path = /status
pm.status_path = /status

;ping.path = /ping
ping.path = /ping

;access.log = log/$pool.access.log
access.log = log/$pool.access.log 

;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow
slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow 

# 修改后的 www.conf 文件去除 ； 注释行的所有文件内容 供比对
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# grep ^[^;] www.conf
[www]
user = www
group = www
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
pm.status_path = /status
ping.path = /ping
access.log = log/$pool.access.log
slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow  
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# 

# 创建 www 用户
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin www
# 创建访问日志文件路径
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# mkdir /apps/php74/log
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# 

##############################################################################
## 启动并验证 php-fpm 服务
# 检查配置文件语法等
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# /apps/php74/sbin/php-fpm -t
[28-Mar-2022 18:05:51] NOTICE: configuration file /apps/php74/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
# 准备启动服务文件
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.28/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

# 启动并开机自启动 php-fpm
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# systemctl enable --now php-fpm
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
# 验证监听端口
[root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# ss -ltn
State       Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN      0      511      127.0.0.1:9000             *:*                  
              
# 查看并跟踪 进程信息
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