ansible——playbook的模块

Posted 2022-03-20 封玖FJ

playbook的模块

1. Templates 模块

• Jinja是基于Python的模板引擎。Template类是Jinja的一个重要组件，可以看作是一个编译过的模板文件，用来产生目标文本，传递Python的变量给模板去替换模板中的标记。

1. 先准备一个以 .j2 为后缀的 template 模板文件，设置引用的变量

cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /opt/httpd.conf.j2

vim /opt/httpd.conf.j2
Listen http_port            #42行，修改
ServerName server_name  #95行，修改
DocumentRoot "root_dir"     #119行，修改 <Directory "root_dir">     #131修改 配置目录访问权限

2. 修改主机清单文件，使用主机变量定义一个变量名相同，而值不同的变量

vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.163.136 http_port=192.168.163.136:80 server_name=www.lisi.com:80 root_dir=/etc/httpd/htdocs

[dbservers]
192.168.163.139 http_port=192.168.163.139:80 server_name=www.zhangsan.com:80 root_dir=/etc/httpd/htdocs

3. 编写 playbook

vim apache.yaml
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    - package: httpd
    - service: httpd
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd package
      yum: name=package state=latest
    - name: install configure file
      template: src=/opt/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify:
        - restart httpd
    - name: create root dir
      file: path=/etc/httpd/htdocs state=directory
    - name: start httpd server
      service: name=service enabled=true state=started
  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name=service state=restarted

ansible-playbook apache.yaml

4. 制作测试网页

ansible 192.168.163.138 -m shell -a "echo this is lisi template test > /etc/httpd/htdocs/index.html"   #制作网页测试文件

ansible 192.168.163.139 -m shell -a "echo this is zhangsan template test > /etc/httpd/htdocs/index.html" 

http://192.168.163.138   
http://192.168.163.139
#登录访问查看

2. tags 模块

1. 可以在一个playbook中为某个或某些任务定义“标签”，在执行此playbook时通过ansible-playbook命令使用--tags选项能实现仅运行指定的tasks。
2. playbook还提供了一个特殊的tags为always。作用就是当使用always当tags的task时，无论执行哪一个tags时，定义有always的tags都会执行

vim webhosts.yaml
---
- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: Copy hosts file
     copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/opt/hosts
     tags:
       - only                                                        
   - name: touch file
     file: path=/opt/testhost state=touch
     tags:
       - always 

ansible-playbook webhosts.yaml --tags="only"
ansible webservers -a "ls /opt/" 

----------------------------------------------------------------
vim dbhosts.yaml
---
- hosts: dbservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: Copy hosts file
     copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/opt/hosts
     tags:
       - only
   - name: touch file
     file: path=/opt/testhost state=touch　　

ansible-playbook dbhosts.yaml --tags="only"