#yyds干货盘点# Collection - ArrayList 源码解析

Posted 2022-03-18 灰太狼_cxh

Collection - ArrayList 源码解析

概述

ArrayList实现了List接口，是顺序容器，即元素存放的数据与放进去的顺序相同，允许放入null元素，底层通过数组实现。除该类未实现同步外，其余跟Vector大致相同。每个ArrayList都有一个容量(capacity)，表示底层数组的实际大小，容器内存储元素的个数不能多于当前容量。当向容器中添加元素时，如果容量不足，容器会自动增大底层数组的大小。前面已经提过，Java泛型只是编译器提供的语法糖，所以这里的数组是一个Object数组，以便能够容纳任何类型的对象。

ArrayList的实现

底层数据结构

/**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;
    
        /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) 
        if (initialCapacity > 0) 
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
         else if (initialCapacity == 0) 
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
         else 
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        
    

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() 
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    

    /**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collections
     * iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) 
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) 
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
         else 
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        
    

自动扩容

每当向数组中添加元素时，都要去检查添加后元素的个数是否会超出当前数组的长度，如果超出，数组将会进行扩容，以满足添加数据的需求。数组扩容通过一个公开的方法ensureCapacity(int minCapacity)来实现。在实际添加大量元素前，我也可以使用ensureCapacity来手动增加ArrayList实例的容量，以减少递增式再分配的数量。

数组进行扩容时，会将老数组中的元素重新拷贝一份到新的数组中，每次数组容量的增长大约是其原容量的1.5倍。这种操作的代价是很高的，因此在实际使用时，我们应该尽量避免数组容量的扩张。当我们可预知要保存的元素的多少时，要在构造ArrayList实例时，就指定其容量，以避免数组扩容的发生。或者根据实际需求，通过调用ensureCapacity方法来手动增加ArrayList实例的容量。

/**
     * Increases the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance, if
     * necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements
     * specified by the minimum capacity argument.
     *
     * @param   minCapacity   the desired minimum capacity
     */
    public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) 
        int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA)
            // any size if not default element table
            ? 0
            // larger than default for default empty table. Its already
            // supposed to be at default size.
            : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;

        if (minCapacity > minExpand) 
            ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
        
    

    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) 
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) 
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        

        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    

    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) 
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    

    /**
     * The maximum size of array to allocate.
     * Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
     * Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
     * OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
     */
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

    /**
     * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
     * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
     *
     * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
     */
    private void grow(int minCapacity) 
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    

    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) 
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    

​

add(), addAll()

跟C++ 的vector不同，ArrayList没有push_back()​方法，对应的方法是add(E e)​，ArrayList也没有insert()​方法，对应的方法是add(int index, E e)​。这两个方法都是向容器中添加新元素，这可能会导致capacity不足，因此在添加元素之前，都需要进行剩余空间检查，如果需要则自动扩容。扩容操作最终是通过grow()方法完成的。

/**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by @link Collection#add)
     */
    public boolean add(E e) 
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
     * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
     * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     *
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException @inheritDoc
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) 
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);

        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                         size - index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;