Docker学习笔记01
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1、简介
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows操作系统的机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。
2、Docker安装
2.1 找到系统安装光盘镜像
2.2 配置yum仓库
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
#
# Certificate-Based Repositories
# Managed by (rhsm) subscription-manager
#
# *** This file is auto-generated. Changes made here will be over-written. ***
# *** Use "subscription-manager repo-override --help" if you wish to make changes. ***
#
# If this file is empty and this system is subscribed consider
# a "yum repolist" to refresh available repos
#
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/BaseOS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[AppSteram]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=02.3 新建挂载点，将挂载点写入开机自启文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /media/cdrom/
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab2.4 挂载文件，并查看
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
mount: /media/cdrom: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 18M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 4.0G 13G 24% /
tmpfs 376M 16K 376M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 376M 3.5M 373M 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 376M 4.0K 376M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/sr0 6.7G 6.7G 0 100% /media/cdrom2.5 安装Docker
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install docker
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:12 ago on Mon 07 Mar 2022 02:07:21 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================
Installing:
podman-docker noarch 1.0.0-2.git921f98f.module+el8+2785+ff8a053f AppSteram 28 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 28 k
Installed size: 3.5 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : podman-docker-1.0.0-2.git921f98f.module+el8+2785+ff8a053f.noarch 1/1
Running scriptlet: podman-docker-1.0.0-2.git921f98f.module+el8+2785+ff8a053f.noarch 1/1
Verifying : podman-docker-1.0.0-2.git921f98f.module+el8+2785+ff8a053f.noarch 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
podman-docker-1.0.0-2.git921f98f.module+el8+2785+ff8a053f.noarch
Complete!2.6 修改镜像加速器
# 我选用的是阿里镜像加速器
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-EOF
"registry-mirrors": ["https://阿里ID.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker2.7 修改别名
[root@localhost ~]# echo "alias podman=docker" >> .bashrc
[root@localhost ~]# docker -v
Emulate Docker CLI using podman. Create /etc/containers/nodocker to quiet msg.
podman version 1.0.2-dev3、测试操作
3.1回显有结果，代表可以运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Emulate Docker CLI using podman. Create /etc/containers/nodocker to quiet msg.
host:
BuildahVersion: 1.6-dev
Conmon:
package: podman-1.0.0-2.git921f98f.module+el8+2785+ff8a053f.x86_64
path: /usr/libexec/podman/conmon
version: conmon version 1.14.0-dev, commit: be8255a19cda8a598d76dfa49e16e337769d4528-dirty
Distribution:
distribution: "rhel"
version: "8.0"
MemFree: 1373954048
MemTotal: 3941175296
OCIRuntime:
package: runc-1.0.0-54.rc5.dev.git2abd837.module+el8+2769+577ad176.x86_64
path: /usr/bin/runc
version: runc version spec: 1.0.0
SwapFree: 2147479552
SwapTotal: 2147479552
arch: amd64
cpus: 4
hostname: localhost.localdomain
kernel: 4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64
os: linux
rootless: false
uptime: 47m 3.88s
insecure registries:
registries: []
registries:
registries:
- registry.redhat.io
- quay.io
- docker.io
store:
ConfigFile: /etc/containers/storage.conf
ContainerStore:
number: 0
GraphDriverName: overlay
GraphOptions:
- overlay.override_kernel_check=true
GraphRoot: /var/lib/containers/storage
GraphStatus:
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Native Overlay Diff: "true"
Supports d_type: "true"
ImageStore:
number: 0
RunRoot: /var/run/containers/storage3.2 运行我们第一个容器
| 命令&参数 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| docker run | 运行容器 |
| docker pull | 下载镜像 |
| -i | 保证容器中STDIN是开启状态 |
| -t | 要为Docker创建的容器分配一个伪终端 |
| ubuntu | 操作系统 |
| /bin/bash | 使用的伪终端 |
3.2 下载镜像
# 镜像下载有进度条
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull ubuntu
Trying to pull registry.redhat.io/ubuntu:latest...Failed
Trying to pull quay.io/ubuntu:latest...Failed
Trying to pull docker.io/ubuntu:latest...Getting image source signatures
Copying blob 7c3b88808835: 27.24 MiB / 27.24 MiB [==========================] 9s
Copying config 2b4cba85892a: 1.43 KiB / 1.43 KiB [==========================] 0s
Writing manifest to image destination
Storing signatures
2b4cba85892afc2ad8ce258a8e3d9daa4a1626ba380677cee93ef2338da442ab3.3 运行容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
# 进入界面，并且能看到版本号等相关内容
root@f38d826c7abe:/# uname -a
Linux f38d826c7abe 4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 13 12:02:46 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@f38d826c7abe:/# hostname
f38d826c7abe
root@f38d826c7abe:/# 4、 容器的基础操作命令
4.1 使用容器
# 运行Ubuntu
[root@localhost ~]docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@f38d826c7abe:/# exit4.2 查看当前运行容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
31ab9dbd5071 docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest /bin/bash About an hour ago Exited (100) About an hour ago hardcore_hopper
7f08ac771ac4 docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest /bin/bash About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago mmx
f38d826c7abe docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest /bin/bash About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago stupefied_sammet
4.3 命名容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mmx -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash4.4 启动、关闭容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start mmx
mmx
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop mmx
69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c4583944.4 附着到已经启动的容器中
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach mmx
root@7f08ac771ac4:/#
# 或者
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 7f08ac771ac4
root@7f08ac771ac4:/#
root@7f08ac771ac4:/# hostname
7f08ac771ac4
root@7f08ac771ac4:/# 4.5 删除容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm mmx
7f08ac771ac4d128c163d5f493e69467ed7bc1d1be5790668621649545772d2d4.6 删除所有容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm `docker ps -a -q`
3d40b2108a853415068f5ed621543b9643a1a86a5122ae8c68189c3dc023f42e
8cd290cb2d531a0d021498ac9d73792e5bcbed8fdf43170cfc7bffc3480e065b
0c60710a2707db31250a9d97d4ccf0b042a86ac6625d7b42b65bdd737faa9af34.6 启动所有容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start `docker ps -a -q`
510b5a0d583e
da5bca339ba1
69d50bef69a74.7 查看所有容器的运行状态
[root@localhost ~]# podman stats `docker ps -aq`
ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET IO BLOCK IO PIDS
510b5a0d583e dazzling_knuth -- 1.642MB / 3.941GB 0.04% 908B / 2.506kB -- / -- 1
da5bca339ba1 practical_spence -- 1.671MB / 3.941GB 0.04% 908B / 3.512kB -- / -- 1
69d50bef69a7 mmx -- 1.79MB / 3.941GB 0.05% 1.118kB / 9.182kB -- / -- 14.8 设置容器自动重启
docker run --restart=always --name mmx -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c " while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"4.9 查看容器详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect mmx
[
"ID": "69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394",
"Created": "2022-03-07T18:07:28.182543882+08:00",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"State":
"OciVersion": "1.0.1-dev",
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 13346,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-03-08T17:11:36.9915363+08:00",
"FinishedAt": "2022-03-08T17:05:58.237282858+08:00"
,
"Image": "2b4cba85892afc2ad8ce258a8e3d9daa4a1626ba380677cee93ef2338da442ab",
"ImageName": "docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest",
"Rootfs": "",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/hosts",
"StaticDir": "/var/lib/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/ctr.log",
"Name": "mmx",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay",
"MountLabel": "system_u:object_r:container_file_t:s0:c93,c901",
"ProcessLabel": "system_u:system_r:container_t:s0:c93,c901",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"EffectiveCaps": [
"CAP_CHOWN",
"CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE",
"CAP_FSETID",
"CAP_FOWNER",
"CAP_MKNOD",
"CAP_NET_RAW",
"CAP_SETGID",
"CAP_SETUID",
"CAP_SETFCAP",
"CAP_SETPCAP",
"CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE",
"CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
"CAP_KILL",
"CAP_AUDIT_WRITE"
],
"BoundingCaps": [
"CAP_CHOWN",
"CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE",
"CAP_FSETID",
"CAP_FOWNER",
"CAP_MKNOD",
"CAP_NET_RAW",
"CAP_SETGID",
"CAP_SETUID",
"CAP_SETFCAP",
"CAP_SETPCAP",
"CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE",
"CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
"CAP_KILL",
"CAP_AUDIT_WRITE"
],
"ExecIDs": [],
"GraphDriver":
"Name": "overlay",
"Data":
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/containers/storage/overlay/68a85fa9d77ecac87de23805c4be8766bda08a86787e324036cbcf84b62640fa/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/containers/storage/overlay/05bba7e4bb5e3d8586626e6c1f501156da8b1c5cecf6862c86ca7c6f6ebb3c82/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/containers/storage/overlay/05bba7e4bb5e3d8586626e6c1f501156da8b1c5cecf6862c86ca7c6f6ebb3c82/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/containers/storage/overlay/05bba7e4bb5e3d8586626e6c1f501156da8b1c5cecf6862c86ca7c6f6ebb3c82/work"
,
"Mounts": [
"destination": "/proc",
"type": "proc",
"source": "proc",
"options": [
"nosuid",
"noexec",
"nodev"
]
,
"destination": "/dev",
"type": "tmpfs",
"source": "tmpfs",
"options": [
"nosuid",
"strictatime",
"mode=755",
"size=65536k"
]
,
"destination": "/sys",
"type": "sysfs",
"source": "sysfs",
"options": [
"nosuid",
"noexec",
"nodev",
"ro"
]
,
"destination": "/dev/pts",
"type": "devpts",
"source": "devpts",
"options": [
"nosuid",
"noexec",
"newinstance",
"ptmxmode=0666",
"mode=0620",
"gid=5"
]
,
"destination": "/dev/mqueue",
"type": "mqueue",
"source": "mqueue",
"options": [
"nosuid",
"noexec",
"nodev"
]
,
"destination": "/dev/shm",
"type": "bind",
"source": "overlay-containers",
"options": [
"bind",
"private"
]
,
"destination": "/etc/hostname",
"type": "bind",
"source": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/hostname",
"options": [
"bind",
"private"
]
,
"destination": "/run/.containerenv",
"type": "bind",
"source": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/.containerenv",
"options": [
"bind",
"private"
]
,
"destination": "/run/secrets",
"type": "bind",
"source": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/run/secrets",
"options": [
"bind",
"private"
]
,
"destination": "/etc/hosts",
"type": "bind",
"source": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/hosts",
"options": [
"bind",
"private"
]
,
"destination": "/etc/resolv.conf",
"type": "bind",
"source": "/var/run/containers/storage/overlay-containers/69d50bef69a7e6bfd05bea4eeda40b2de8df3c2bb2bce90bce75681a9c458394/userdata/resolv.conf",
"options": [
"bind",
"private"
]
,
"destination": "/sys/fs/cgroup",
"type": "cgroup",
"source": "cgroup",
"options": [
"rprivate",
"nosuid",
"noexec",
"nodev",
"relatime",
"ro"
]
],
"Dependencies": [],
"NetworkSettings":
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": [],
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/netns/cni-3b5b0d26-96e3-b5e5-bb66-56cc979ec8f5",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "10.88.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "10.88.0.10",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "62:93:22:04:21:58"
,
"ExitCommand": null,
"Namespace": "",
"IsInfra": false,
"HostConfig":
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": null,
"NetworkMode": "bridge",
"PortBindings": null,
"AutoRemove": false,
"CapAdd": [],
"CapDrop": [],
"DNS": [],
"DNSOptions": [],
"DNSSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "host",
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": [],
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 65536000,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": null,
"CpuShares": null,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": null,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": null,
"CpuQuota": null,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": null,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": null,
"CpuSetCpus": "",
"CpuSetMems": "",
"Devices": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": null,
"MemoryReservation": null,
"MemorySwap": null,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": [],
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"Tmpfs": []
,
"Config":
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User":
"uid": 0,
"gid": 0
,
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"TERM=xterm",
"HOSTNAME=",
"container=podman"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/",
"Entrypoint": "",
"Labels": null,
"Annotations":
"io.kubernetes.cri-o.ContainerType": "sandbox",
"io.kubernetes.cri-o.TTY": "true"
,
"StopSignal": 15
]# 该命令是查看容器是否开启
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect mmx --format=" .State.Running "
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