Linux之traceroute命令
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- TCP traceroute(使用 tracetcp 程序可以实现)
- UDP traceroute(Cisco 和 Linux 默认情况下使用)
- ICMP traceroute ( MS Windows 默认情况下使用)
命令格式
traceroute(选项)(参数)
命令选项
- -d:使用Socket层级的排错功能;
- -f<存活数值>:设置第一个检测数据包的存活数值TTL的大小;
- -F:设置勿离断位;
- -g<网关>:设置来源路由网关,最多可设置8个;
- -i<网络界面>:使用指定的网络界面送出数据包;
- -I:使用ICMP回应取代UDP资料信息;
- -m<存活数值>:设置检测数据包的最大存活数值TTL的大小;
- -n:直接使用IP地址而非主机名称;
- -p<通信端口>:设置UDP传输协议的通信端口;
- -r:忽略普通的Routing Table,直接将数据包送到远端主机上。
- -s<来源地址>:设置本地主机送出数据包的IP地址;
- -t<服务类型>:设置检测数据包的TOS数值;
- -v:详细显示指令的执行过程;
- -w<超时秒数>:设置等待远端主机回报的时间;
- -x:开启或关闭数据包的正确性检验。
命令参数
简单用法
> traceroute rumenz.com
traceroute to rumenz.com (203.195.152.245), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 1.242 ms 0.949 ms 2.494 ms
2 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 1.337 ms 1.101 ms 0.953 ms
3 100.64.0.1 (100.64.0.1) 4.663 ms 28.187 ms 3.346 ms
4 111.175.227.145 (111.175.227.145) 7.321 ms 12.203 ms 10.503 ms
5 111.175.210.221 (111.175.210.221) 4.810 ms 7.400 ms 3.673 ms
6 202.97.17.5 (202.97.17.5) 20.276 ms
202.97.98.25 (202.97.98.25) 38.174 ms
202.97.17.1 (202.97.17.1) 28.942 ms
7 * 113.96.5.158 (113.96.5.158) 26.277 ms *
8 * * *
9 14.18.199.106 (14.18.199.106) 22.518 ms 20.543 ms 22.583 ms
10 * * 14.18.199.74 (14.18.199.74) 22.378 ms
11 * * *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 203.195.152.245 (203.195.152.245) 25.766 ms 21.599 ms *
设置跳数
> traceroute -m 10 rumenz.com
traceroute to rumenz.com (203.195.152.245), 10 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 1.829 ms 0.746 ms 1.684 ms
2 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 2.326 ms 3.365 ms 1.203 ms
3 100.64.0.1 (100.64.0.1) 4.659 ms 5.613 ms 4.055 ms
4 111.175.227.145 (111.175.227.145) 12.399 ms 7.991 ms 8.013 ms
5 111.175.210.221 (111.175.210.221) 6.997 ms 10.958 ms 4.180 ms
6 202.97.98.29 (202.97.98.29) 21.216 ms
202.97.98.25 (202.97.98.25) 21.428 ms *
7 * * *
8 * * *
9 * 14.18.199.106 (14.18.199.106) 22.443 ms 20.399 ms
10 * * *
显示IP地址,不查主机名
> traceroute -n rumenz.com
traceroute to rumenz.com (203.195.152.245), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.0.1 2.484 ms 1.271 ms 0.813 ms
2 192.168.1.1 1.320 ms 1.103 ms 1.075 ms
3 100.64.0.1 2.914 ms 4.107 ms 4.372 ms
4 111.175.227.145 7.279 ms 7.915 ms 9.007 ms
5 111.175.210.221 3.729 ms 4.100 ms 4.160 ms
6 202.97.29.49 25.172 ms
202.97.34.66 23.798 ms
202.97.29.53 18.034 ms
7 * * *
8 * * *
9 * * *
10 * * *
11 * * *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * 203.195.152.245 21.635 ms 22.201 ms
把探测包的个数设置为值4
> traceroute -q 4 rumenz.com
traceroute to rumenz.com (203.195.152.245), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 2.265 ms 2.010 ms 0.669 ms 1.103 ms
2 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 1.159 ms 1.207 ms 1.082 ms 1.181 ms
3 100.64.0.1 (100.64.0.1) 6.105 ms 4.068 ms 2.737 ms 3.858 ms
4 111.175.227.145 (111.175.227.145) 12.785 ms 11.772 ms 11.710 ms 7.463 ms
5 111.175.210.221 (111.175.210.221) 11.646 ms 5.033 ms 4.373 ms 5.631 ms
6 * 202.97.29.57 (202.97.29.57) 21.332 ms *
202.97.17.5 (202.97.17.5) 26.080 ms
7 * * * *
8 * * * *
9 14.18.199.106 (14.18.199.106) 26.460 ms 20.790 ms 25.815 ms *
10 * * 14.18.199.74 (14.18.199.74) 22.642 ms *
11 * * * *
12 * * * *
13 * * * *
14 203.195.152.245 (203.195.152.245) 22.046 ms 22.201 ms 20.328 ms 24.846 ms
绕过正常的路由表,直接发送到网络相连的主机
> traceroute -r rumenz.com
traceroute to rumenz.com (203.195.152.245), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
traceroute: sendto: Network is unreachable
1 traceroute: wrote rumenz.com 52 chars, ret=-1
*traceroute: sendto: Network is unreachable
traceroute: wrote rumenz.com 52 chars, ret=-1
*traceroute: sendto: Network is unreachable
traceroute: wrote rumenz.com 52 chars, ret=-1
探测包的等待响应时间设置为3秒
> traceroute -w 3 rumenz.com
traceroute to rumenz.com (203.195.152.245), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 2.835 ms 0.894 ms 0.967 ms
2 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 1.289 ms 1.174 ms 1.091 ms
3 100.64.0.1 (100.64.0.1) 3.327 ms 2.985 ms 4.280 ms
4 111.175.227.145 (111.175.227.145) 13.337 ms 12.301 ms 9.081 ms
5 111.175.210.221 (111.175.210.221) 3.484 ms 5.052 ms 4.033 ms
6 202.97.98.25 (202.97.98.25) 19.580 ms
202.97.17.1 (202.97.17.1) 21.139 ms
202.97.34.66 (202.97.34.66) 21.232 ms
7 * * 113.96.5.82 (113.96.5.82) 26.111 ms
8 * * *
9 * 14.18.199.106 (14.18.199.106) 22.279 ms *
10 * * *
11 * * *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * 203.195.152.245 (203.195.152.245) 22.335 ms 21.387 ms
Traceroute的工作原理
UDP 和 ICMP Traceroute
- UDP 向外发送的是一个 UDP 数据包,final reply 是 ICMP Destination Unreachable
- ICMP 向外发送的是一个 ICMP Echo Request,final reply 是 ICMP Echo Reply
TCP Traceroute
原文链接:https://rumenz.com/rumenbiji/linux-traceroute.html
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