Linux之ping命令

Posted 2022-03-04 入门小站

命令格式

ping [参数] [主机名或IP地址]

命令功能

命令参数

• -d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。
• -f 极限检测。大量且快速地送网络封包给一台机器，看它的回应。
• -n 只输出数值。
• -q 不显示任何传送封包的信息，只显示最后的结果。
• -r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接将数据包送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的网络接口是否有问题。
• -R 记录路由过程。
• -v 详细显示指令的执行过程。
• <p>-c 数目：在发送指定数目的包后停止。
• -i 秒数：设定间隔几秒送一个网络封包给一台机器，预设值是一秒送一次。
• -I 网络界面：使用指定的网络界面送出数据包。
• -l 前置载入：设置在送出要求信息之前，先行发出的数据包。
• -p 范本样式：设置填满数据包的范本样式。
• -s 字节数：指定发送的数据字节数，预设值是56，加上8字节的ICMP头，一共是64ICMP数据字节。
• -t 存活数值：设置存活数值TTL的大小。

ping的通的情况

> ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=106 time=255.389 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=106 time=253.781 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=106 time=258.403 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=106 time=255.721 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=106 time=255.086 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=106 time=255.165 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=6 ttl=106 time=253.948 ms
...

ping不通的情况

> ping 8.8.9.9
PING 8.8.9.9 (8.8.9.9): 56 data bytes
Request timeout for icmp_seq 0
Request timeout for icmp_seq 1
Request timeout for icmp_seq 2
Request timeout for icmp_seq 3
Request timeout for icmp_seq 4
Request timeout for icmp_seq 5
Request timeout for icmp_seq 6
...

ping指定次数

> ping -c 10 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=106 time=256.369 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=106 time=255.471 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=106 time=255.381 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=106 time=255.038 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=106 time=260.055 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=106 time=255.733 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=6 ttl=106 time=254.986 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=7 ttl=106 time=254.084 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=8 ttl=106 time=255.902 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=9 ttl=106 time=256.121 ms

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 254.084/255.914/260.055/1.513 ms

时间间隔和次数限制的ping

> ping -c 10 -i 0.5 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=106 time=255.032 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=106 time=256.937 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=106 time=255.129 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=106 time=256.560 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=106 time=264.229 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=106 time=254.791 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=6 ttl=106 time=254.212 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=7 ttl=106 time=254.998 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=8 ttl=106 time=255.029 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=9 ttl=106 time=255.559 ms

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 254.212/256.248/264.229/2.771 ms

通过域名ping域名

> ping -c 5 json.im
PING json.im (150.109.147.28): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=0 ttl=48 time=28.733 ms
64 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=28.412 ms
64 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=2 ttl=48 time=28.012 ms
64 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=3 ttl=48 time=31.498 ms
64 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=4 ttl=48 time=30.518 ms

--- json.im ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 28.012/29.435/31.498/1.341 ms

多参数使用

> ping -i 1 -s 1024 -t 123 json.im
PING json.im (150.109.147.28): 1024 data bytes
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=0 ttl=48 time=29.613 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=28.530 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=2 ttl=48 time=32.768 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=3 ttl=48 time=29.014 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=4 ttl=48 time=30.239 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=5 ttl=48 time=27.815 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=6 ttl=48 time=31.311 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=7 ttl=48 time=34.554 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=8 ttl=48 time=41.600 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=9 ttl=48 time=29.513 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=10 ttl=48 time=28.320 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=11 ttl=48 time=29.449 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=12 ttl=48 time=29.127 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=13 ttl=48 time=28.583 ms
1032 bytes from 150.109.147.28: icmp_seq=14 ttl=48 time=28.064 ms

指定源接口(网卡)

> ping -I eth0 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) from 192.168.0.3 eth0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=6 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=7 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=9 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=10 ttl=109 time=201 ms
...

指定Internet协议

ping -4 DESTINATION ping -6 DESTINATION

> ping -4 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=6 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=8 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=13 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=16 ttl=109 time=201 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=17 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=19 ttl=109 time=200 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=21 ttl=109 time=201 ms
...

原文链接:https://rumenz.com/rumenbiji/linux-ping.html
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